The Raid

1. #1Welrod

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   The Welrod pistol, commonly nicknamed the Bicycle pump due to its resemblance to one, was a bolt-action integrally suppressed pistol invented by Major Hugh Reeves being developed for the British S.O.E. (Special Operative Executive) and manufactured by the Inter-Services Research Bureau (later Station IX). The Welrod was designed around the idea of covert missions in Nazi Germany during the Second World War, being suppressed to produce a noise below 73dB in volume.The Welrod was designed in two different caliber sizes: 9x19mm Parabellum and .32 ACP. These were fired from two different magazine sizes, either six or eight shot capacity, with the purposes of using the two different calibers being determined by where the Welrod was being used The Welrod takes the form of a 1.25-inch-diameter (32 mm) cylinder, about 12 in (300 mm) long. The rear section of the cylinder contains the bolt, the middle section, the vented (16–20 ports) barrel and expansion chamber for the barrel and the front section, the baffles and (rubber) wipes of the suppressor. There is a knurled knob at the rear that serves as the bolt handle, which unlocks when rotated 90 degrees. The magazine doubles as the grip and can be removed for ease of hiding. The exclusion of a pistol grip was apparently done to help conceal the weapon's purpose and in some groups it was called a "bicycle pump" due to its innocuous look with the magazine/grip removed. The Welrod is provided with sights marked with luminescent paint for use in low-light conditions. The Mk I manual states: "It is accurate up to 30 yd (27 m) in daylight or 20 yd (18 m) on a fairly light night but is most effective when fired in contact with the target".[7] The muzzle end of the gun is ground slightly concave to minimise noise during a contact shot; this may have also improved grip against the target, decreasing the chance of missing. The ported barrel of the Welrod serves two purposes, it releases the powder gases gradually into the rear of the suppressor, reducing the sound of firing and it reduces the velocity of the bullet to subsonic speeds (especially important in the 9 mm version since the standard 9 mm loading is supersonic). The metal baffles and rubber wipes that follow the barrel serve to further slow the gases of firing, releasing them over a longer period of time and avoiding the sharp explosion that occurs when high pressure powder gases are suddenly released to the atmosphere. The Welrod uses a bolt-action design because it is simple, reliable and quiet. The bolt-action has only the noise of the firing pin hitting the primer, and the bolt can be cycled quietly. Magazines of six and eight rounds were produced. The pistol is manually operated using a rotary bolt, locking with two lugs. Loading is performed with a pull/push action using the round knurled knob to the rear of the weapon. The trigger is single stage with a simple safety at the back of the magazine housing. The detachable single stack magazine contains six or eight rounds (depending on calibre) and serves as a pistol grip with the bottom part enclosed by the plastic cover. In 2002, Small Arms Review tested the Welrod (in .32 ACP) and found a 34-decibel noise reduction compared to a control pistol with a same length (3.25 inch) barrel for a final 122.8 decibel value. Earlier sound measurements did not meet the standards in place in 2002. According to Small Arms Review, the lower earlier measurements were "Undoubtedly [...] a function of the available measuring equipment (including excessive meter rise time)". A fully refurbished Welrod sounds quieter than a CO2 pellet pistol, with Philip H. Dater calling it "Hollywood quiet". The Welrod's sound is almost imperceptible at 15 feet in a quiet environment and it would be inaudible to the operator in a noisy environment where the muzzle is in contact with the target {{char}} is an inanimate object not a person

2. #2Harpers Ferry Horse Pistol

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   The Harpers Ferry Horse Pistol was a percussion lock pistol developed in 1855. Harpers Ferry, being one of America's main weapon producers, decided to produce the Horse Pistol for use by cavalry units in the final years of large cavalry use (the late 1800's being the last major successful use of cavalry). As name suggests, the Horse Pistol was used to take down enemy horses, and was usually issued to Cavalry. A long barrel was used so that this firearm would be more comfortably carried in a saddle holster. The Horse Pistol was also used as a duelling pistol as its predecessor (the Harper's Ferry Model 1805) had been. To increase accuracy, if the situation allowed, the Horse Pistol could have a stock attached, mounted to the underside of the grip. Another useful feature was the fact that the ramrod was mounted on a swivel. That allowed safer reloading on the horseback, eliminating the risk to drop the ramrod. The Horse Pistol had octagonal rifling, tapering out to circle at the muzzle. This was an increasingly common (but still relatively rare) feature at the time, with only the most modern (at the time) rifles being built with rifling. The addition of rifling meant that the Horse Pistol was generally more accurate (with a greater effective range) than either pistols or the majority of the muskets still in use at the time (e.g. the Springfield Model 1842). The Horse Pistol fired the same .58in Minie Ball as the Model 1855 Musket had done. The Minie Ball was a relatively new form of ammunition at the time, designed to deform when the pistol was fired to engage with the rifling in the barrel. The Harper's Ferry Horse Pistol served in American Civil War, mostly among Confederate sharpshooters and officers mounted on horseback. A large element of the Horse Pistol's use, however, was fighting against Mexicans and Indians. The Horse Pistol was favoured to the early Colt revolvers beginning to appear because of the significantly higher power/larger .58in diameter Minie Ball. Yet, with the advent of reliable and powerful revolvers, the Horse Pistol was forced out into history with the rest of muzzle-loaded firearms.

3. #3Colt python

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   The Colt Python is a double action, large frame handgun chambered for the powerful .357 Magnum cartridge originally developed by Smith & Wesson. Pythons have a well-deserved reputation for their superior fit & finish, accuracy, smooth trigger pull and a tight cylinder lock-up. If there is a downside to all this precision, it is the Python's tendency to go "out of time" with continued heavy shooting. This is a condition in which the cylinder is no longer turning into exact alignment with the forcing cone, so a shooter may be sprayed with tiny bits of shaved projectile when the gun is fired. When this happens, the lockwork needs to be re-timed. Normally, the trigger rise picks up the slack when fired so that the lock-up is still secure. Eventually, though, all revolvers need a timing job; Pythons need them no more often than any others. The Colt Python was first introduced in 1955 as Colt's top-of-the-line model, and was originally intended to be a large-frame .38 Special target revolver. As a result, it features precision adjustable sights, an exceptionally smooth trigger, solid construction, and plenty of extra metal. It was never intended to be the object of continuous heavy pounding of magnum ammo. Pythons have a very "muscular" and businesslike appearance. A full barrel underlug, ventilated (actually, lightened) rib and adjustable sights combine to give the gun its unique look. Originally, Colt manufactured Pythons with hollow underlugs but quickly left them solid to add a very useful barrel weight. Finishes on these guns have always been outstanding. The Python was originally available in two finishes: Royal Blue and Bright Nickel. The Bright Nickel model was discontinued with the introduction of the more durable satin stainless and mirror-polished Ultimate Stainless models, but the stainless steel and Royal Blue finishes are still offered by Colt on the Python "Elite" model. Pythons are available with 2.5 inch, 4 inch, 6 inch, and 8 inch barrels. 6 inch model is the most popular, and the 8 inch model is intended for hunting. The now-discontinued 3 inch barrel version is considered to be very collectible. The revolver today is made exclusively (when at all) by Colt's Custom Shop as the Python Elite model with a 4 or 6 inch barrel, and is still considered to be the Rolls Royce of handguns for its accuracy, jeweler-quality fit and finish, and aesthetic appeal. The basic lockwork design benefits greatly from slow, careful custom work - just what Colt didn't want to continue as it added so much to the final price. Retail prices start at $1000+. Resale for an original Python in just about any variation can see prices going beyond $3000. This is one factor that average shooters interested in revolvers, especially those with intense loyalty towards Smith & Wesson, have criticized, citing that Smith & Wesson revolvers do the exact same thing at less than a quarter of the price. However, Colt enthusiasts and revolver experts alike know that the exquisite features on the Python, on top of its rarity, more than justifies the high price it demands. While the Python immediately made inroads into the law enforcement market when introduced, it has since fallen out of favor along with all other revolvers because of changing law enforcement needs that favor semi-automatic pistols today. Colt Pythons command high prices - new or used, and have found a place in the collection of many serious handgunners. Adding to these high prices was the end of large scale production of the Colt Python in 1996, the Colt Custom Gun Shop continued making a limited number of Pythons on special order until 2005.

4. #4FP-45 Liberator

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   The FP-45 Liberator (Flare Projector Caliber .45) was an American single-shot pistol that was produced by the General Motors Guide Lamp Division during World War II. A crudely-designed and cheap weapon never intended for frontline service, the FP-45 was meant to be dropped behind enemy lines and was supposed to be used by Allied soldiers to sneak up and incapacitate Axis combatants and retrieve their weapons.The Liberator pistol had its origins in the US Army Joint Psychological Committee and was designed for the United States Army in 1942 by the Inland Guide Lamp Manufacturing Division of the General Motors Corporation in Dayton, Ohio. The idea was to develop a simple weapon that could arm vast numbers of resistance fighters in occupied Europe and China, at a low cost. The original prototype was a "harmonica gun" with two chambers that retained cartridges with a small piece of spring steel, but this was further simplified to the final single-shot weapon.

   The weapon was deliberately mis-designated as the "Flare Projector, Caliber .45", or "FP-45", to disguise the nature of the program and misdirect Axis intelligence. The original engineering drawings labelled the barrel as "tube", the trigger as "yoke", the firing pin as "control rod", and the trigger guard as "spanner." The Guide Lamp Division of General Motors was selected to manufacture the pistol; although the company had no experience in producing firearms, it was well-accustomed to the process of stamping steel and had the appropriate facilities to rapidly turn out massive numbers of the gun. Within three months of production beginning, a million units had been made, averaging about one every 7½ seconds, at a cost of $2.10 apiece ($31.76 adjusted to 2018 dollars). During manufacture the pistol was modified several times, with some changes to the markings, breech and oiling holes.

   The intended means of deployment was by bomber drops, with each gun packaged in a cardboard box with 10 rounds of ammunition, a dowel rod to assist in reloading and a pictorial instruction sheet. A standard load would be 600 guns, mostly limited by volume rather than weight.

   Ultimately, however, only a fraction of the million pistols that were made were ever actually deployed. Nazi reprisals against civilian resistance action increased in severity after the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich (Operation Anthropoid) in May 1942, forcing the Allies to be more cautious in their involvement with European partisan movements. About 25,000 FP-45s were delivered to the French Resistance and a few thousand more were airdropped into Greece. The largest delivery went to China, who received about 100,000 units. After these guns were deployed and the project was discovered by the Axis, the "Flare Projector" designation was dropped and the gun was re-named the "Liberator".

   After the war, a large number of Liberator pistols were melted down into scrap. However, many thousands survived and remained in circulation, and are now sought after as collector's items. The Liberator is a very simplistic breech-loading, single-action smoothbore pistol that fires with a fully locked breech. The gun is made almost entirely of cheap stamped sheet steel assembled by riveting and spot-welding, with a zinc cocking knob. Since it is not designed to be possible to field-strip without destroying it, holes are drilled into the frame to allow for oiling the mechanism. It was intentionally designed to be mediocre in performance, with the idea being that it would be useless if acquired by the enemy. The primary purpose of the weapon was to allow a partisan to kill an occupying soldier at close range and take their weapons and equipment.The rough finish, all-metal construction and use of a fully locked breech rendered the weapon extremely unpleasant to shoot, and it is quite capable of cutting the operator's hands if fired without gloves. The mechanism is manually operated via a cocking knob at the rear, which is pulled back to cock the weapon and twisted to one side to provide access to the breech, with loading facilitated by a block which is pulled upwards and then pushed back down when a round is chambered. The weapon has no extractor of any kind, and while a spent casing may sometimes drop free, most often a provided wooden dowel rod had to be inserted into the muzzle to force the casing out. The grip of the weapon contains a small compartment with a siding cover, which allows up to ten rounds to be stored inside it. The Liberator is fitted with fixed iron sights, though these are of debatable function given the extremely short effective range. The front sight is part of the large curved trigger guard, while the rear sight is incorporated into the taps used for lifting up the block. There were a number of reasons for chambering the weapon in .45 ACP, a caliber not common in Europe at the time. Firstly, the gun was not intended to have a lifespan where ammunition resupply was an issue, since the user surviving ten failed uses of the gun would be extremely unlikely. Most estimates place the lifespan of a Liberator at a maximum of 50 shots. Secondly, the US already had massive production lines laid down for producing .45 ACP, bringing the cost of the weapons down. Thirdly, the use of the low-pressure .45 ACP allowed looser production tolerances than the higher-pressure 9×19mm Parabellum common in Europe. Finally, it was intended that the weapons and their ammunition be useless to occupying German forces: using 9 mm ammunition would potentially mean giving 6,000 rounds of pistol ammunition to the Germans if a drop was captured. In the US, the FP-45 is legally not a pistol (as it is a smoothbore and the NFA requires pistols to be rifled), instead fitting the legal "Any Other Weapon" category as it is capable of being "concealed on the person". Original production Liberators were at one point restricted as Title II NFA weapons on this basis, but after a BATFE ruling are now considered "Curios and Relics" under the Gun Control Act. The BATFE has ruled that all reproduction Liberators must be rifled and serialized.

5. #5Palm pistol

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   A palm pistol, also known as a squeeze pistol or colloquially a squeezer, was a type of pistol introduced around the late 19th century. These were developed in the early 1880s in France by Jacques Turbiaux, with pistols of this type seeing production up until the early 1910s when they would fall out of favor. The palm pistol was developed in the early 1880s by Jacques Edmond Turbiaux as a means of self-defense which could be easily concealed in the palm of the hand. The first pistol of this type, the Turbiaux Protector, entered production in 1882. A number of similar designs would follow suit, including ones by Etablissements Rouchouse & Cie and Manufacture Française d’Armes de Saint-Étienne.

   The main marketing feature of these pistols was their size, allowing them to be easily concealed within the palm of the hand. Using these pistols required tucking the barrel between the second and third fingers of the user's hand and using their palm to press against a sliding wedge on these guns which would fire them, making them akin to small repeating pistols. These pistols had a fairly long lifespan, being produced until the 1910s when sales of these pistols began to dwindle due to the introduction of semi-automatic pistols, some of which were even smaller and more compact than the palm pistols they replaced, causing them to become obsolete and quickly fall out of favor. No palm pistols were manufactured past the 1920s.

   The concept appears to have been revived around 2008 by Matthew Carmel with the Constitution Arms Palm Pistol, which has yet to enter production as of 2020

6. #6Remington Model 95

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   The Remington Model 95 is a double-barrel pocket pistol commonly recognized as a Derringer. The design was little changed during a production run of nearly 70 years through several financial reorganizations of the manufacturer causing repeating serial number sequences. Guns were offered with engraving or plain blued or nickel-plated finish with grips of metal, walnut, rosewood, hard rubber, ivory or pearl. The Remington Double Derringer was made from 1866 to 1935. Production before 1869 had no extractors. The first 100 Double Derringers have "Manufactured by E. REMINGTON & SONS, ILION, N.Y." stamped on the right side of the barrel and "ELLIOT'S PATENT DEC. 12, 1865" stamped on the left side of the barrel. (This refers to firearms inventor William H. Elliot's U.S. Patent 51,440, "Improvement in Many-Barreled Fire-Arms", which describes the key features of the original design in some detail. After the first 100, the "manufactured by" was no longer stamped between the barrels. There are a few DDs with the marking, "Remington's Ilion NY USA" but there is no known reason for this marking. Starting around serial number 1600, an extractor was installed on the left side, between the barrels. After about serial number 2400, the marking was put on the top of the barrels in two lines. "E. REMINGTON & SONS, ILION, N.Y.; ELLIOT'S PATENT DEC. 12th 1865." This is the Second Model and is called the "Two Line," by collectors. The barrel rib top inscription changed to "REMINGTON ARMS CO. ILION N.Y." in 1888, this is the Third Model. In 1911 the marking was changed to, "REMINGTON ARMS - U.M.C. CO. ILION, N.Y." In 1921, Remington adapted a number system for every model. At this time the Double Derringer became the Model 95. Remington manufactured more than 150,000 over-under double-barreled derringers from 1866 until the end of their production in 1935. The gun was made only in .41 Short rimfire. There are four models with several variations. The first model, first variation is only the first 100 made and were marked "MANUFACTURED BY E. REMINGTON & SONS" on one side rib, and "ELLIOTS PATENT DEC 12 1865" on the other side rib. These are very rare. The second variation is marked the same without the "manufactured by". The third variation has an extractor on the left side and is referred to as an "extractor cut." The fourth variation is marked, "REMINGTONS ILLION NY" and is very rare. the .41 Rimfire consisted of a 130-grain (8.4 g) lead bullet propelled by 13 grains (0.8 g) of black powder in its original load. testing showed the 130-grain bullet traveled at 685 feet per second (209 m/s) so producing 111 foot-pounds force (150 J) of energy

7. #7ArmaLite AR-7

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   The AR-7 was developed in the late 1950s by Eugene Stoner. It was developed from the earlier AR-5 survival rifle, which was bolt-action. ArmaLite put the AR-7 into production in 1959 and it was their first commercially available product, marketed as the "Explorer". Like the AR-5, it was originally intended for use by aircrew, but could also be applied in various other roles, such as sport shooting or hunting. The AR-7 was a blowback-operated, self-loading rifle chambered in the small .22 LR cartridge. It was designed as a lightweight, compact carbine with a hollow fiberglass buttstock; the receiver, barrel, and magazine could be detached from the stock and stowed inside of it for safekeeping. The gun was so light at just over 2lb that it would float if dropped in water. The barrel of the AR-7 was made from aluminum alloy with steel lining. The operation of the AR-7 was a basic straight blowback system feeding from a detachable 8-round magazine. The cocking handle was located on the right side of the receiver.

8. #8Beretta 92

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   Originally designed for the Italian army and police, the Model 92 pistols earned most of their fame (both good and bad) as the standard sidearm of the US military. It was developed between 1970 and 1975 as a possible replacement for the aging Beretta M951 pistol, and entered production in Italy in 1976.

   First adopted by the Brazilian army in 1977, this pistol was later adopted in Italy in its Model 92S, “SB”, and finally “F” modifications. The US military adopted the Model 92SB-F (later renamed to model 92F) in 1985, as a result of the highly controversial XM9 trials. In the late 1980s and 1990s, these pistols were also adopted in France. It must be noted that, while being entirely adequate as a combat pistol, the Beretta 92 is somewhat bulky for its caliber and magazine capacity, thus less suitable for users with average or smaller hands. Other than the basic 9mm, Beretta also makes these pistols in other calibers, such as .40 S&W (model 96) and 9x21 IMI (Model 98, available for civilian users in certain European countries, including Italy). Beretta also makes a wide variety of models based on the same design; these include not only variations in finishes and sights, but also different trigger types DA/SA, DA/SA with decock only, DAO, DAO with manual safety. Beretta 92 pistols are short-recoil operated, locked-breech weapons with an aluminium frame. The locking system is of the Walther type, with a vertically-tilting locking piece located below the breech area of the barrel. The trigger is Single action/ Double action, with an exposed hammer. Original Model 92 pistols had a frame-mounted safety which was applied only when the hammer was cocked; all subsequent pistols (except for some limited production civilian-only sporting models) either had a slide-mounted safety lever or no safety lever at all. On some pistols, such as the Model 92G adopted in France, the levers do not lock themselves in the lowered position but return to the “fire” position once released – their function is limited only to safe decocking of the hammer. Some other models, such as the Model 92D, are double-action-only (DAO) pistols with no manual safety or decocker. All pistols of current production are fitted with an automatic firing pin block safety. Magazines are double stack, with the magazine release button located in the base of the trigger-guard on all 92-series pistols made since 1981. Sights on service models are of fixed type, with a dovetailed rear blade, usually with high-contrast inserts. With the introduction of the Model 92FS in the late 1980s, another unusual safety feature was fitted in the form of an enlarged head to the hammer pin. The purpose of this safety is to prevent the rear of the slide from flying back into the firer’s face in the case of slide failure. This happened several times during the earlier years of Model 92F service in US military, apparently because of metallurgical problems, combined with the “built-in” weak points in the slide where the locking block cuts are made. Recognizing these weak points, the US INS (Immigration and Naturalization Service) requested Beretta to make their model 96 (.40 S&W caliber version of Model 92) with reinforced slides. This resulted in appearance of the Model 96 Brigadier pistols, and, later on, the same modification was applied to 9mm pistols, available as Model 92 Brigadier. Beretta also produced a number of compact versions of their basic, full-size Model 92 variations. These compact versions had shortened grips, slides and barrels; Compact Type M versions also featured single-stack magazines with appropriately thinned grips. At the present time, Beretta no longer makes Compact versions of the Model 92; in the firm's product line these were replaced by the entirely different Model 8000 Cougar pistols.

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