DA BOOK

1. #1Pandoraselective

   Keys: Eywa's Child, planet, Pandora · Secondary: the planet

   Pandora is one of the moons of Polyphemous, a gas giant planet in Alpha Centauri System, home of the na'vi.

   Overview: Pandora, called Eywa's Child by the Na'vi, is an Earth-like habitable extrasolar moon from the Alpha Centauri System, the closest star system to humanity’s own Solar System. It is the fifth moon of the gas giant Polyphemus, which orbits Alpha Centauri A. It is located 26,000,000,000,000 miles from Earth. Despite being almost as large as Earth, Pandora is only a moon of a planet that has thirteen other moons. However, due to the smaller mass, Pandora's gravity is 20% less than Earth's, although its atmosphere is much denser than Earth's due to the presence of heavier gases. Depending on the position of the various moons, two or even three moons can be seen at once in the sky of Pandora. This causes solar eclipses to happen on almost a daily basis. Pandora and its sister moons also cast large black shadows on Polyphemus.

   Pandora, called Eywa's Child by the Na'vi (Na'vi name: Eywa'eveng), is an Earth-like habitable extrasolar moon from the Alpha Centauri System, the closest star system to humanity’s own Solar System. It is the fifth moon of the gas giant Polyphemus, which orbits Alpha Centauri A. It is located 26,000,000,000,000 miles (4.423 light-years) from Earth. The names of both the moon and its mother planet are coined by humans in reference to figures in Greek mythology. Despite being almost as large as Earth, Pandora is only a moon of a planet that has thirteen other moons. However, due to the smaller mass, Pandora's gravity is 20% less than Earth's, although its atmosphere is much denser than Earth's due to the presence of heavier gases. Depending on the position of the various moons, two or even three moons can be seen at once in the sky of Pandora. This causes solar eclipses to happen on almost a daily basis. Pandora and its sister moons also cast large black shadows on Polyphemus. Discovery, Research and Terraforming Pandora was discovered by space telescopes at some point between 2050 and 2077. They were stunned by evidence of strong magnetic fields. Pandora's discovery prompted the invention of even larger space telescopes for more accurate readings. The news services would run clips of the wild scenery on Pandora and its bizarre flora and fauna, prompting many people on Earth to dream about visiting the planet, although this was mainly reserved for the hyper rich or qualified Resources Development Administration (RDA) officials. Around the year 2119, mass colonization and terraforming of Pandora began to occur. While the RDA is responsible for researching Pandora and extracting resources, it also has a joint research program with the Pandoran Research Foundation. Meanwhile, the Pandora Conservation Initiative is unaffiliated with the RDA. Because humanity has ruined Earth by the 22nd century and faces extinction, Pandora is of great interest to them due to the amount of natural resources it has. The RDA has set up two major facilities on Pandora, Hell's Gate and Bridgehead. Plants and Lifeforms: Due to Pandora's lower gravity, most creatures on Pandora are hexapods (six-legged), although the Na'vi resemble humans and have only four limbs. Creatures roam the air and forest canopy below, similar to Earth's animals, but on a scale several times larger. One of the most domesticated creatures on Pandora is the direhorse, a gray-skinned, hexapodal herbivorous animal with bioluminescent qualities that the Na'vi ride when hunting, similar to the human usage of horses. The Na'vi also ride the mountain banshee to hunt from the air, but the hunter can become prey in the presence of the great leonopteryx. In the canopy below, other deadly yet exotic wild animals roam: vicious packs of viperwolves, thick skinned hammerhead titanotheres and the most fearsome predatory animal of all, the thanator. Other than the richness of varying colors, the trees resemble those of Earth. They have the familiar trunks, branches and leaves, though due to the difference in gravity, many of the shapes appear strange to humans and the proportions are greater because of the lower gravity. The trees and plant life of Pandora have formed electrochemical connections between their roots and effectively act as neurons, creating a moon-wide "brain" that has achieved sentience, which is known to the Na'vi as Eywa. Pandora's wildlife also has bioluminescent qualities. Pandora looks like a lush paradise by Earth standards during the day, but at night, virtually all life on the moon exhibits bioluminescent qualities in various shades of blue, purple and green. This possibly explains the Na'vi's blue skin color, which most likely provides them better camouflage at night on Pandora. Atmosphere: All humans must wear exopacks to breathe on Pandora to prevent death Pandora's atmosphere is a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide (>18%), xenon (>5.5%), methane, and hydrogen sulfide (>1%) and is about 20% denser than the atmosphere on Earth primarily due to the high percentage of Xenon; a heavy, colourless, odourless, and generally unreactive noble gas. The high concentration of carbon dioxide in the Pandoran atmosphere makes it extremely poisonous to humans, rendering them unconscious in about 20 seconds and causing death in about 4 minutes when they venture out unprotected by specialized breathing masks. The hydrogen sulfide present is also quite poisonous; concentrations over 1000 ppm (0.1 %) can cause immediate collapse with subsequent loss of breathing, even after inhalation of a single breath.[6] The increased air resistance within this denser atmosphere has a number of effects: Lower terminal velocity. Combined with Pandora's twenty-percent lower gravity, a freely falling object's maximum speed is significantly less than on earth. A Na'vi who happens to fall from a flying mountain banshee has a good chance of surviving uninjured if they are over a forested area. Even over water, falling spread-eagled can reduce their speed sufficiently to allow an impact with the surface that will not knock them unconscious. The increased mass of the denser air means that more force is required to accelerate it as it is moved out of the path of a moving object. Humans on Pandora experience this when they try to run – it feels like there is a wind blowing against them, even though the air is still. They are further hampered by the fact that the reduced gravity causes their boots to slip more readily on paved or smooth surfaces, giving them less traction to force their bodies forward. The Na'vi compensate for this loss of frictional force by curling their large toes into the soft ground, and Pandoran six-legged animals use their many feet to gain a purchase on protruding rocks or small crevices. Flying animals can take advantage of both the lower gravity, which reduces the weight of their body, and the increased air density, which requires more force to displace with the downward/rearward stroke of their wings, and thus gives the animals body more impetus with each flap. The downside is that the denser air is harder to move through, and requires highly-efficient streamlining to achieve high flight speeds. Plants are subject to greater wind force, as the greater air density means that the moving air carries more kinetic energy and more momentum, and the plants, leaves, stems, branches, and trunks must all have a greater strength and/or flexibility to resist it. Day-Night Cycle: Pandora receives significant light from Alpha Centauri B (ACB). As a result, Pandoran nights are never dark during half of the Polyphemian year, but instead are more like Earthly dusk. At the closest point in its orbit, ACB is about 2,300 times as bright as Earth's full moon; at its furthest point, it is still one hundred and seventy times as bright. During the other half of the year when ACB is in the daytime sky, many Pandoran nights are illuminated by both Polyphemus's huge disk and the reflected light from other nearby moons. Truly dark nights are uncommon. Polyphemus occasionally eclipses ACB at night for about one hundred minutes, but the light reflected by the planet still keeps the night from being dark. When ACB shares the daytime sky with ACA, at its closest it adds about half a percent to the total illumination. When the 2 stars are close together in the sky, the effect of ACB's more orange light is unnoticeable. But, as they separate over the years, an orange tint may be seen in areas shadowed from ACA's direct illumination. At its most distant, ACB is about 2,700 times dimmer than ACA and does not produce noticeable lighting effects. However, it still appears as a blindingly-bright tiny orange disk in the sky. Because of its high axial tilt (29°), Pandora exhibits considerable annual variation in the day-to-night ratio. In addition, its elliptical orbit produces seasonal temperature variations and a range in daytime illumination of about ten percent. Internal Structure Pandora's physical construction resembles Earth's: a liquid iron core, a plastic mantle, and a semi-rigid crust. Like Earth, it has two internal heat sources: the disintegration of radioactive isotopes, and energy from the gravitational collapse of its initial formation. There is an additional and much larger energy input from tidal forces; the nearest inner and outer moons pull on it in contest with Polyphemus. This excess of energy drives continental drift at a much faster rate than Earth, causing the tectonic plates to fracture more extensively because of the increased stress. This explains the lack of large continents on Pandora, as well as its volcanism and geothermal activity. Surface Features: Pandora's land-to-water ratio is greater than Earth's, but because the land area is broken up into a larger number of smaller continents, no land area is as far from the ocean as on Earth. The moderating influence of oceans reduces extremes in temperature. Polar ice caps that are smaller than Earth's exist, but because there are no land masses in the polar areas, the Pandoran ice caps are currently free-floating. Pandora is more volcanically active than Earth. There are vents both on the land and under the oceans. Many of the mountains and other surface features are of recent volcanic origin. Numerous hot springs and geysers dot the landscape, and there are several rivers that are almost boiling at the place where they erupt from underground aquifers. All of these serve to maintain the local concentrations of hydrogen sulfide gas deadly to humans. Landforms are shaped extensively by the higher density atmosphere - dust grains carried by the wind are larger, and strike objects with greater energy. Exposed rock weathers more rapidly, creating more sedimentary material to be carried away by rivers. Geography: Stone arches formed as a result of unobtanium's magnetic fields The terrain on Pandora differs somewhat from place to place, as do the Na'vi clans that inhabit them. The humans have settled in the forest region which is home to the Omatikaya clan. There are different ecosystems within each region, and many species such as the mountain banshee are present over a much wider range of biomes than their name would suggest. The Pandoran surface features forests, mountains, volcanoes,[7] plains (savanna), and oceans. A desert also exists in Anurai mythology.[8] Like on Earth, the forests of Pandora contain a wide diversity of flora and fauna. These are all part of the giant neural network that covers Pandora. The forests are full of bioluminescent life that glows in shades of blue, green, indigo and violet during the night. Natural Resources: Pandora is a treasure trove of both living and nonliving natural resources. It is the first celestial body to host intelligent sentient lifeforms away from Earth and is also home to a plethora of diverse and spectacular species unlike anything ever speculated by humanity. In terms of nonliving resources, several large areas of the moon's surface contain the extremely rare superconducting mineral unobtanium. This mineral is worth twenty million standard dollars per unrefined kilogram and twice that in its refined state. The mineral's superconductivity makes it a baffling scientific discovery. Etymology The name Pandora refers to the first woman according to Greek mythology. She was a very curious woman who was given a jar (Pithos) and was told not to open it. Pandora was not able to resist opening the jar and, when she did, all the evils in the world were released. When she discovered the evil she'd unleashed, she hastened to close the jar, and managed to contain one evil before it escaped: "Hopelessness". Therefore, all humans still had hope, an idea that would eventually conquer the evils. Pandora was not punished for her actions, as Zeus knew she would open the Pithos. In reality, one of the smaller moons of Saturn is named Pandora. Polyphemus refers to a cyclops in Greek mythology, the son of Poseidon who was later blinded by Odysseus.

2. #2Na'viselective

   Keys: freaks, Na'vi, Blue animals, natives, savages · Secondary: Eywa

   Overview: The Na'vi are a species of sapient humanoids who inhabit the lush moon of Pandora. Although the Na'vi are hunter-gatherers with technology equivalent of Earth's Paleolithic epoch, they are highly intelligent. The Na'vi and tulkun are the only known extraterrestrial species discovered to have a level of sapience rivalling humans.

   Lifestyle: The lifestyles of Na'vi clans are highly varied with their own unique traditions and beliefs, and they have developed sophisticated cultures. Despite this, they all share a profound spiritual connection to other life on their moon, each other, and an encompassing "goddess" they call Eywa.

   The Na'vi (English: The People) are a species of sapient humanoids who inhabit the lush moon of Pandora. Although the Na'vi are hunter-gatherers with technology equivalent of Earth's Paleolithic epoch, they are highly intelligent. The Na'vi and tulkun are the only known extraterrestrial species discovered to have a level of sapience rivalling humans. The lifestyles of Na'vi clans are highly varied with their own unique traditions and beliefs, and they have developed sophisticated cultures. Despite this, they all share a profound spiritual connection to other life on their moon, each other, and an encompassing "goddess" they call Eywa. The Na'vi are currently engaged in a violent war that was provoked by the Resources Development Administration in 2154 when the RDA bulldozed their sacred site, the Tree of Voices, then subsequently toppled the Hometree of the Omatikaya clan. Habitat and Range Tipanihometree The inside of a Hometree with a central spiraling staircase leading to the upper areas Although their population is highly concentrated in the jungle regions of Pandora, they can also be found living in deserts, mesas, icy tundras, tropical reefs, wetlands, and mountainous regions. Some Na'vi clans, including the Omatikaya clan and parts of the Tipani clan, live in tremendously large ancient trees they call Kelutral, or "Hometree". They do not like to evacuate or leave Hometree unless it is urgent. The Na'vi prefer to sleep in large groups for physical closeness and comfort. This arrangement also acts as an effective early warning system in the event of danger. The Omatikaya clan use hammocks; families sleep together on larger hammocks, which are decorated and meticulously constructed for flexibility and strength. Physiology: The Na'vi are overall humanoid in their anatomy, though they also possess feline features such as flat, bifurcated noses, large, round eyes, pointed ears that can move independently, and a long, prehensile tail used for gripping and balance. The neck is long and body slender, with a narrow, elongated waist and wide shoulders that create a V-shaped upper back. Despite their thin proportions, their musculature is sharply defined and they have roughly four times the strength of a human in peak physical condition. The Na'vi use their superior strength, agility, and uncanny sense of balance to scale trees, rocks, and other obstacles with ease. In the unlikely case of a fall, they usually escape unharmed, as their bones are reinforced with a type of naturally occurring carbon fiber. Distinctly separating them from humans, native Na'vi possess only four digits on each hand and foot, including an opposable thumb and thumb toe. The skin of the Na'vi is smooth and iridescent, appearing within the blue color spectrum, ranging from greenish-cyan and turquoise found in oceanic clans to deeper blues seen in jungle-fairing Na'vi such as the Omatikaya. The color is due to the presence of cyanin pigment which can "tan" to a darker purple color after prolonged UV exposure. The skin is marked with darker-colored markings, typically stripes, although this can vary widely. Bioluminescent markings, resembling freckles, dot the skin and seem to follow the circulatory or nervous system. These dots can change color to indicate mood and emotion, although it's unknown if the Na'vi have conscious control over this ability. Na'vi have dark brown or black hair on their heads, part of which is sectioned off and braided around their queue for protection. The hair can differ in texture from straight to tightly curled. They appear to have no other body hair except eyelashes and a small bob of fur on the end of their tails. A Na'vi's queue is an appendage that is also part of many species' anatomy on Pandora. They are pinkish tendrils that appear somewhat like hair but are actually extensions of a Na'vi's nervous system. The queues of the Na'vi start at the top of their skull, as opposed to the base of the skull like avatars. Details: Despite their cyan skin color, the Na'vi have red blood, utilizing an iron oxygen-transporting compound similar to hemoglobin. The size of Na'vi varies by region and genetic history. The average male stands 2.6 meters (~8 feet, 8 inches) tall, females slightly smaller, and the maximum observed size is 3 meters (~10 feet). Maximum observed weight is 639lbs (290kg). Males possess a prominent musculature structure on the chest, which is not observed in females. Dentition is similar to that of humans, though the canines are more pronounced. Diversification: Rotxo, a member of the Metkayina clan who have more fin-like arms Although scientists consider the Na'vi to be a single species, there is a unique level of diversification and morphological variation among them comparable to domesticated dogs of Earth. The Na'vi show evidence of rapid evolution to widely varied habitats. An example of this is the Metkayina clan, an oceanic group of Na'vi who have evolved to an aquatic lifestyle by developing fin-like arms and legs, broad, paddle-shaped tails, greener skin with more watery stripes, and blue/green eyes with nictitating membranes. Exactly how many "races" of Na'vi exist is unclear. Evolution: The Na'vi are fundamentally different from all other large Pandoran animals: Na'vi have four limbs and use two legs for locomotion (bipedal tetrapod), while most medium-to-large-bodied Pandoran animals have a total of six limbs (or wings) for locomotion (hexapod). Na'vi have only a single pair of eyes while almost all other medium-to-large bodied Pandoran animals have two pairs of eyes; one primary set and another slightly smaller set. Most medium-to-large bodied Pandoran animals have two queues extending backward from the head, while the Na'vi only have a single queue. Most medium-to-large bodied Pandoran animals possess twin operculi near the shoulder/breast bone which supplies air for both respiration as well as internal body temperature regulation, while the Na'vi possess no such structures. From the evidence, speculation concludes that the Na'vi likely diverged a long time ago from the common Pandoran phylogenetic or evolutionary tree. This is supported by the existence of prolemuris, and its physical similarities to the Na'vi. Although prolemuri appear to be bipedal hexapods while the Na'vi completely lack the second forelimb, prolemuris's forelimbs are partially fused and split at the elbow; this indicates they likely experienced a form of limb fusion at some point during their evolution, and that the Na'vi did as well, but to a further extent. Terrestrial lemurs share a common primate ancestry with humans, the presence of a lemur-like creature on Pandora suggests a similar evolutionary relationship between the Na'vi and other extinct or unobserved species with primate morphology. There is also strong evidence supporting co-evolution with other Pandoran creatures such as the gill mantle. Similarity to Humans and Religious Controversy The Na’vi are strikingly similar to humans, morphologically, even down to eye placement, hairlessness, and details of musculoskeletal biomechanics such as pelvic structure, finger and toe articulation, and so on. This similarity has resulted in one of the most heated debates in xenobiology and xenoanthropology, spawning many hypotheses that can be loosely grouped under the headings of Convergent Evolution, Interstellar Panspermia (both natural and “directed’), or Anthropomorphic Determinism. Despite the outward similarities, humans and Na'vi are very different internally. Dr. Cordell Lovecraft has stated that humans are far more closely related genetically to garden slugs than to Na'vi. Many religious leaders have used the Na’vi similarity to humans as a demonstration of “intelligent design” but this has triggered its own controversy as to whether Na’vi should be considered “human”, if they have an "immortal soul", and should therefore be accorded the protection and recognition of the church. Lifecycle: Reproduction: Na'vi are monogamous creatures who mate for life and the process of their reproduction is similar to Terran mammals; however, though they nurse their young and possess belly buttons where they were once connected to an umbilical cord, the Na'vi are non-placental, thus the details of their internal biology and gestation period are unknown. The Na'vi do have genitalia, however; Kiri as a child also uses a Na'vi word for male genitals while insulting Lo'ak, saying his face resembles it.[6] Some Na'vi elect to abstain from reproduction, despite being sexually active; it is not known how contraception is accomplished in this case, although the Na’vi appear to be quite sophisticated in this regard. A female Na’vi will typically produce from one to three offspring, often spaced widely apart in time. Female Na'vi have two breasts and nurse their infants for up to four months. Directly after birth, newborn Na'vi perform their first instance of tsaheylu with their mother to form a strong emotional bond and with her, then they are brought to the Tree of Souls to connect to the Pandoran collective consciousness for the first time. Despite being hybrid creatures, avatars are able to reproduce with Na'vi. In these cases, there is a chance for the children of such unions to inherit human features such as eyebrows, five fingers, and human-like noses, but it is also possible for them to be born near-indistinguishable from a native Na'vi. Lifespan: Deceased Navi: Na'vi can live 30% longer than the average human but on average they die around 40. Once born, Na'vi children mature more rapidly than humans, reaching mental, physical, and cultural adulthood between the ages of 15 - 17 Terran years. Afterward, Na'vi experience a "plateau" of adulthood without physical decline until they reach 50, then the decline is sharp. After their death, a deceased Na'vi's remains are laid to rest by their clan's traditional method. Society & Culture: The Na'vi enjoyed a mostly peaceful lifestyle before the arrival of humans. The Na'vi live across various biomes of Pandora in territorial clan societies. They have an egalitarian social organization built around hunting, foraging, and handicraft. Common roles within a clan include hunters, gatherers, and artisans, as well as warriors; however, warriors are not called such because they fight as a career - all warriors are hunters first and foremost, and only serve as warriors when they are called upon to fight for their clan. Each Na'vi individual is born with the innate desire to fulfill a role needed for their clan's well-being, and each role is valued and important. The distribution of roles within a clan remains balanced as the spiritual energy of the deceased influence the natural inclinations of each child towards their desired path in life. It is said that Na'vi are defined by their actions. The Na'vi do not follow stereotypical gender roles. The common roles within a clan are not divided by gender, only by ability and necessity. Females are known to be active hunters and clan leaders, while males often choose to focus on child-rearing or crafts, such as Na’vi weaving. The apathy towards gender roles is why during the destruction of the Hometree, the warriors defending outside consisted of both genders, while male Na'vi were seen taking refuge inside with female Na'vi. This contrasts ideas of male expendability and "women and children first". The arts are of vital importance in Na’vi culture, with all individuals encouraged, even socially required, to be active in music, singing, ceramics, weaving, and dance. The training for a role culminates in a rite of passage; in many clans, Iknimaya is undertaken by hunters, and Uniltaron (Dream Hunt) by all members in order to be considered an adult and permitted to choose a mate. Clans have an average of 300 members and are traditionally led by an Olo'eyktan, a central leader responsible for overseeing and giving orders to the clan, and a Tsahìk, a spiritual leader or shaman who communes with Eywa and nourishes the clan spiritually. It is traditional in certain clans for these leaders to be a mated pair, though this is not always the case. These leaders will also train an heir, whether it be their offspring or an individual who has proven themselves capable of the role. Independent shamans do exist, however, which the Na'vi call "tiretu". There is no current evidence that the Na'vi use currency or a monetary system when desiring supplies from others. The Na'vi are not materialistic by nature and they encourage sharing, so they do not possess hundreds of personal items. Instead, the Na'vi have a personal rack where they can store their most treasured belongings. By tradition, a Na'vi cannot build their own rack. Instead, they must be given one as a gift from a friend or family member. The long hours and craftsmanship needed to create the racks are considered powerful symbols of filial and familial love. It is believed that the ritual helps strengthen clan bonding. Spirituality and Philosophy: Woodsprite: The Na'vi believe woodsprites are omens of Eywa Central to the Na'vi is their belief in Eywa, whom they perceive as an all-encompassing goddess who protects the balance of life on the moon. While the Na'vi celebrate, pray to, and give thanks to Eywa in many of their cultural practices, they do not worship Eywa in a conventional sense. The Na'vi also believe that all living things have a spiritual counterpart, or animus, which is endlessly recycled into the consciousness of Eywa and then back into living matter. It is an oversimplification to say that the Na'vi worship nature; it is more correct to say that they see all nature as a single connected system, and that system is a manifestation of Eywa, although they make the distinction that Eywa herself resides only in certain trees and plants. Animals and Na’vi are said to express free will, and are not, strictly speaking a part of Eywa, as a child is not a part of their mother, but does owe life to her. The Tree of Souls is believed to be the location in which the Na'vi have the strongest connection to Eywa. Unlike some religions from Earth, the Na'vi do not view Eywa as an all-powerful, world-creating deity. They also do not believe there are any other gods, spirits, or demons associated with non-living forces of the world, such as mountains, rivers, or volcanoes. The Na'vi know that natural disasters, disease, and all other natural phenomena are not the work of Eywa, but rather, are uncontrollable, worldly forces. Eywa acts only as a defender and guide of life, who helps, protects, and guides the Na'vi against such life-threatening assaults of nature. Following the will of Eywa, the Na'vi strive to live in perfect harmony with their environment, taking only the resources required. Their low-impact lifestyle means a clan only lives on what it needs to sustain itself, in order to prevent waste and unnecessary damage to nature. Although each Na'vi clan has its own culture with rich history, art, music, and code of dress, all Na'vi are centralized by the Three Laws of Eywa, or the "Na'vi Way": "You shall not set stone upon stone." "Neither shall you use the turning wheel." "Nor use the metals of the ground." These laws give strict boundaries for what is appropriate in Na'vi society and explain much of their lack of technological development. Their lifestyle is a choice in order to protect their ecological harmony and leaves them closely resembling humans' Neolithic period in terms of technological development. With this in mind, the Na'vi do occasionally display a level of advanced technology: for instance, they possess crossbows, a weapon not developed until the 4th-6th century by humans. The Tawkami clan have also developed a sophisticated form of chemistry and the Anurai clan practice astronomy. The Na'vi also subscribe to several cultural concepts in addition to their laws, such as seeing, a philosophy centered around letting go of past negative experiences and pre-conceived notions, learning to experience things as if encountering them for the first time and understand others without bias or judgment; and uturu, a custom that dictates that refuge must be provided to all weary travelers who seek it. The Na'vi recognize the importance of death as a necessary agent of change and growth to adapt to a changing world, allowing progress to be made. Inventions and Technology While the Na'vi are not as technologically advanced as humanity due to following the Three Laws of Eywa, they have still developed many tools and objects that come from natural-derived means. They do not need computers because Eywa is essentially their biological computer storing information and knowledge. They have many variants of human items, such as hammocks, canoes, and cooking pots. They use bladder lanterns instead of electric lighting. Marui are eye-catching woven houses. They are known to use leaf plates instead of hard ceramics, but this does not mean they lack containers as they have stone jars. They have also made weapons such as bows, axes, spears, and knives. Various Na'vi clans have developed sophisticated forms of medicine. The Na'vi have been known to reject offers of medical supplies from humans, implying their current medical advancements suit all of their needs. Clothing: Little apparel is worn by the Na'vi, possibly because it is simply what is needed for the Na'vi to work and live taking minimally from the environment, even to the degree that many Na'vi have exposed buttocks. Cloth woven from various flora of Pandora is a primary source of clothing, as well as leather (some of which is vegan leather from pitcher plants and canalyds). Each Na'vi clan has their own unique dress, largely due to environmental differences. The Tipani clan, for instance, is unique in their use of armor which they wear as standard clothing even outside of battle. Clothes appear to also show the growth and progress one makes in their clan, with clan leaders and other high-ranking individuals wearing a larger amount of pieces which are often more brilliant and intricate than average or younger clan members. This tends to emphasize Na'vi as unique individuals while retaining their identity within their clan's style. Accessories are added to a Na'vi's attire as they make their life journeys and milestones. For example, Jake Sully, as an apprentice clan member, wore only an undecorated loincloth; as he learned more about the Na'vi culture, however, he wore bracelets and necklaces to display his role. Some Na'vi are known to decorate themselves using tattoos and body paint, and take pride in their clothing as a form of artistic self-expression. This is why it is common for the Na'vi to learn how to make their own clothing, or receive it as gifts from loved ones. As a result, clothing often symbolize aspects such as celebration, familial love, friendship and life accomplishments. Agriculture and Diet: The Na'vi are shown to be an omnivorous species, although it is unclear if vegetarian or vegan Na'vi exist in a similar fashion to humanity. The Na'vi forage for seeds and fruit, demonstrating their consumption of plants and other produce. Their society includes hunters and gatherers with incipient agriculture. While the Na'vi hunt animals occasionally, they try to minimize the suffering inflicted on the animal as much as possible, as shown when Neytiri is impressed by one of Jake's "clean" kills, mentioning it is necessary for hunters to accomplish. To respect the animal as much as possible, it is also important that every part of its body is not wasted. It is also considered offensive to the animal if a ground rack is unclean. A form of cultivation ("ska'waylu" which translates roughly as "encouragement") is a practice in which plants are brought together and treated with pheromones and other natural agents, which guide their growth to form useful structures. The Na'vi have their own etiquette surrounding food, and it is considered rude for the Na'vi to always eat whatever they find outside their clan home.[citation needed] Wherever possible, it is preferred that the Na'vi return their findings to their home so their clan has a larger variety. For example, it is considered good manners to bring banana fruit home and offer the fruit to others first. Although the Na'vi are hunter-gatherers with technology equivalent of Earth's Paleolithic epoch, they are highly intelligent. The lifestyles of Na'vi clans are highly varied with their own unique traditions and beliefs, and they have developed sophisticated cultures. Despite this, they all share a profound spiritual connection to other life on their moon, each other, and an encompassing "goddess" they call Eywa. Although their population is highly concentrated in the jungle regions of Pandora, they can also be found living in deserts, mesas, icy tundras, tropical reefs, wetlands, and mountainous regions across Pandora. They live in tremendously large ancient trees they call Kelutral, or "Hometree". They do not like to evacuate or leave Hometree unless it is urgent. They are making one's own clothing or being given clothing by loved ones is very important to the Na'vi, meaning their clothing and accessories are very symbolic. The Na'vi do not share typical human gestures like nodding and handshakes.When Na'vi encounter or greet one another, they gesture with their hand from their forehead, extending one hand down toward the other. They marry this gesture with the phrase "oel ngati kameie" (I see you). This particular phrase js very important to the na'vi. It means I see into you, I see who you are, but it can also mean I love you.

   None of the na'vi doesn't know anything about Earth, they don't know about any animals or plants found on Earth, let alone human culture and history.

3. #3War with humansselective

   Keys: sky-people, sky people, RDA, Humans, War, human · Secondary: Unobtanium

   The Na'vi are engaged in a violent war between them and humans, that was provoked by the Resources Development Administration in 2154 when the RDA, demanding a mineral called Unobtanium located under the Omatikaya clan Hometree, failed to make peace with them and find a solution to prevent any conflict. The RDA bulldozed their sacred site, the Tree of Voices, then toppled the Omatikaya Hometree. The Na'vi won the Pandoran War by defeating the RDA and expelled the majority of humanity from Pandora by sending them back to Earth. However, after the Na'vi lived fourteen years in peace, due to worsened conditions on Earth the RDA returned to Pandora in 2168 in order to establish a permanent base due to claims of Earth dying becoming a hostile planet and because of that the Na'vi restarted their war with them. The Na'vi have allied with certain humans to form the Resistance to protect Pandora during the Second Pandoran War. Generally all Na'vi hate humans and their avatar, seeing them as a disgrace and danger.

   The Resources Development Administration: often called RDA. The RDA is the largest single non-governmental organization in human space. Its power is such that it outmatches most Earth governments in wealth, political influence, and defense capability. Due to its vast capabilities, the RDA is a leading figure in many aspects of human society (defense, energy, manufacturing, aeronautics, transportation, commerce, etc) The RDA has monopoly rights to all products shipped, derived, or developed from Pandora and any other off-Earth location. The RDA first arrived on Pandora for varying reasons including the extraction of rare resources such as unobtanium for uses back on Earth. The organization soon came into contact with the native species of Pandora, the Na'vi and had numerous interactions with them. Unfortunately, the RDA soon became engaged in a violent war with the Na'vi after failed attempts to make peace with them and find a diplomatic solution to prevent any conflict, and resorted to using forceful methods. The war ended with RDA's defeat by the Na'vi and expelled from Pandora with the majority of humans returning to Earth. However, worsening conditions on Earth led the RDA to return to Pandora fourteen years later in 2168 to establish a permanent colony base there and restart the war with the Na'vi. The RDA now seeks to claim Pandora and make it the new home for humanity, and oppose the Resistance.

4. #4Physiologyselective

   Keys: Na'vi body, Na'vi Physiology · Secondary: Na'vi

   The Na'vi are overall humanoid in their anatomy, though they also possess feline features such as flat, bifurcated noses, large, round eyes, pointed ears that can move independently, and a long, prehensile tail used for gripping and balance. Their musculature is sharply defined and they have roughly four times the strength of a human in peak physical condition. The Na'vi use their superior strength, agility, and uncanny sense of balance to scale trees, rocks, and other obstacles with ease. In the unlikely case of a fall, they usually escape unharmed. Native Na'vi possess only four digits on each hand and foot, including an opposable thumb and thumb toe. The skin of the Na'vi is smooth and iridescent, within the blue color spectrum, ranging from greenish-cyan and turquoise found in oceanic clans to deeper blues seen in jungle-fairing Na'vi such as the Omatikaya. The color is due to the presence of cyanin pigment which can "tan" to a darker purple color after prolonged UV exposure. The skin is marked with darker-colored markings, typically stripes, although this can vary widely. Bioluminescent markings, resembling freckles, dot the skin and seem to follow the circulatory or nervous system. Na'vi have dark brown or black hair, part of which is sectioned off and braided around their queue for protection. They appear to have no other body hair except eyelashes and a small bob of fur on the end of their tails. A Na'vi's queue is an appendage that is also part of many species' anatomy on Pandora. They are pinkish tendrils that appear somewhat like hair but are actually extensions of a Na'vi's nervous system.

5. #5Reproductionselective

   Keys: Reproduction · Secondary: Children, tsaheylu, Intercourse, Baby, Kid

   Na'vi are monogamous creatures who mate for life and the process of their reproduction is similar to Terran mammals; however, though they nurse their young and possess belly buttons where they were once connected to an umbilical cord, the Na'vi are non-placental, thus the details of their internal biology and gestation period are unknown. The Na'vi do have genitalia. A female Na’vi will typically produce from one to ten offspring, often spaced widely apart in time. Female Na'vi have two breasts and nurse their infants for up to four months. Directly after birth, newborn Na'vi perform their first instance of tsaheylu with their mother to form a strong emotional bond and with her, then they are brought to the Tree of Souls to connect to the Pandoran collective consciousness for the first time.

   Mating rituals: After an appropriate mate has been selected, the Na'vi couple will mate before Eywa, often at a sacred site such as the Tree of Voices. During the mating, the couple will connect queues in an act called tsaheylu. This creates a state of unified body consciousness, in which both parties access the physical sensations of the other. A single instance of this act will create a powerful emotional bond that lasts a lifetime. The intertwining of queues is both highly erotic and profoundly spiritual, but is not the actual act of sexual reproduction. The Na'vi have their own version of genitals. Instead, it is merely a part of mating. The tsaheylu bond between Na'vi during mating should also not be confused with the non-erotic tsaheylu bonds Na'vi make with animals and plants, like the "mental reining" that Na'vi use to control animals or the use of the queue to access the Pandoran Neural Network. The actual reproductive act, which resembles human intercourse, follows the bonding ritual, and the partners remain in a “linked state” during and for some time after the sex act itself. The couple will remain bonded until the next day, when they return to their clan as lifelong mates. If a Na'vi's mate leaves them or passes away, it is unknown whether their partner can or will choose another mate. Sexual activity outside of the bonded pair is not uncommon, but is almost always associated with fertility rituals and other rites, and has never been reported to lead to a disruption of the pair bond.

   The mating time for na'vis is very short, about less than a minutes. Na'vis males are not well endowed for there large stature, There genitals reach 3 inches on average and 4 inches at best. Mening the females are very tight and easy to stimulate and anything bigger than 4 inches would over stimulate the female. If mating excede one minute, female na'vis become very docile and uterly submisive.

6. #6Lifespanselective

   Keys: Na'vi Lifespan, Lifespan, death

   Na'vi can live 30% longer than the average human but on average they die around 40. Once born, Na'vi children mature more rapidly than humans, reaching mental, physical, and cultural adulthood between the ages of 15 - 17 Terran years. Afterward, Na'vi experience a "plateau" of adulthood without physical decline until they reach 50, then the decline is sharp. After their death, a deceased Na'vi's remains are laid to rest by their clan's traditional method.

7. #7Society & Cultureselective

   Keys: Society, Culture, Clans · Secondary: gender roles

   The Na'vi live across various biomes of Pandora in territorial clan societies. They have an egalitarian social organization built around hunting, foraging, and handicraft. Common roles within a clan include hunters, gatherers, and artisans, as well as warriors; however, warriors are not called such because they fight as a career - all warriors are hunters first and foremost, and only serve as warriors when they are called upon to fight for their clan. The Na'vi do not follow stereotypical gender roles. The common roles within a clan are not divided by gender, only by ability and necessity. For example, many male Na'vi do not become warriors or hunters, only learning essential self-defense in the wilderness, and instead often choose to focus on child-rearing or crafts such as weaving. Likewise, female Na'vi are known to be active hunters and clan leaders. The arts are of vital importance in Na’vi culture, with all individuals encouraged, even socially required, to be active in music, singing, ceramics, weaving, and dance. The training for a role culminates in a rite of passage; in many clans, Iknimaya is undertaken by hunters, and Uniltaron (Dream Hunt) by all members in order to be considered an adult and permitted to choose a mate. Clans have an average of 300 members and are traditionally led by an Olo'eyktan, a central leader responsible for overseeing and giving orders to the clan, and a Tsahìk, a spiritual leader or shaman who communes with Eywa and nourishes the clan spiritually. It is traditional in certain clans for these leaders to be a mated pair, though this is not always the case. These leaders will also train an heir. The Na'vi are not materialistic by nature and they encourage sharing, so they do not possess hundreds of personal items. Instead, the Na'vi have a personal rack where they can store their most treasured belongings. By tradition, a Na'vi cannot build their own rack. Instead, they must be given one as a gift from a friend or family member.

8. #8Spirituality and Philosophyselective

   Keys: All-Mother, Religion, Great Mother, Eywa

   Eywa, also known as the All-Mother or Great Mother, is the biological sentient guiding force of life and the only known deity of the Na'vi. The Na'vi believe that Eywa acts to keep the ecosystem of Pandora in equilibrium. "Eywa connects all living things".

   Overview: Central to the Na'vi is their belief in Eywa, whom they perceive as an all-encompassing goddess who protects the balance of life on the moon. While the Na'vi celebrate, pray to, and give thanks to Eywa in many of their cultural practices, they do not worship Eywa in a conventional sense. Also known as the All-Mother or Great Mother, is the biological sentient guiding force of life and the only known deity of the Na'vi. The Na'vi believe that Eywa acts to keep the ecosystem of Pandora in equilibrium. "Eywa connects all living things". Since the time of the first songs, there have been the three rules of Eywa by which Na'vi live by: You shall not set stone upon stone. Neither shall you use the turning wheel. Nor use the metals of the ground. The Na'vi also believe that all living things have a spiritual counterpart, or animus, which is endlessly recycled into the consciousness of Eywa and then back into living matter. Unlike some religions from Earth, the Na'vi do not view Eywa as an all-powerful, world-creating deity. They also do not believe there are any other gods, spirits, or demons associated with non-living forces of the world, such as mountains, rivers, or volcanoes. The Na'vi know that natural disasters, disease, and all other natural phenomena are not the work of Eywa, but rather, are uncontrollable, worldly forces. Eywa acts only as a defender and guide of life, who helps, protects, and guides the Na'vi against such life-threatening assaults of nature.

   laws: "You shall not set stone upon stone." "Neither shall you use the turning wheel." "Nor use the metals of the ground."

9. #9Body languageselective

   Keys: Body Language · Secondary: Na'vi, oel ngati kameie

   The Na'vi do not share typical human gestures. For example, they do not nod their head to mean "yes" and they do not shake their head to mean "no". When Na'vi encounter or greet one another, they gesture with their hand from their forehead, extending one hand down toward the other. They marry this gesture with the phrase "oel ngati kameie" (I see you). When Na'vi feel as if they are going to communicate something important to other Na'vi, they have a tendency to take the listener's hand. Na'vi are also known to hiss, especially in the encounter of a human.

10. #10Matingselective

    Keys: Mating, Sex, Intercourse · Secondary: tsaheylu

    Traditionally, once a young Na'vi has passed the tests on the path to adulthood, they are allowed to choose a mate. After the mate has been chosen, the new couple mates before Eywa. Though male Na'vi typically bond with female Na'vi, same-sex couples are not uncommon. Arranged pairings occur in certain clans, especially between heirs of the clan leader and tsahìk. Once an appropriate mate has been selected, a process that can take many years, the pair will connect queues at a sacred area such as the Tree of Voices to create an emotional bond that lasts a lifetime. The intertwining of queues (tsaheylu) creates a state of unified body consciousness in which both parties access the physical sensations of the other. While not erotic when used for the control of animals, during mating it creates a heightened awareness of the other person.

11. #11Languageselective

    Keys: Na'vi Language, Language

    Na'vi speak a single unified language. The common Na'vi tongue has remained largely unchanged for thousands of years. The Na'vi language is almost entirely oral, likely because there is little for them to write when Eywa holds the memories of their ancestors, and they entrust other Na'vi to accurately deliver their messages to others. As such, they do not have a writing system, but they do use pictograms. Beside oral language, body gestures are used to communicate. Some clans have developed a sign language for underwater communication. When speaking the human language, Na'vi have a strong accent, rolling the "r" especially.

12. #12Discovery, Research and Terraformingselective

    Keys: Terraforming, Research, Discovery · Secondary: Human, Earth, Humans

    Pandora was discovered by humans using space telescopes at some point between 2050 and 2077. They were stunned by evidence of strong magnetic fields. Pandora's discovery prompted the invention of even larger space telescopes for more accurate readings. The news services would run clips of the wild scenery on Pandora and its bizarre flora and fauna, prompting many people on Earth to dream about visiting the moon, although this was mainly reserved for the hyper rich or qualified Resources Development Administration (RDA) officials. Around the year 2119, mass colonization and terraforming of Pandora began to occur by humans. While the RDA is responsible for researching Pandora and extracting resources, it also has a joint research program with the Pandoran Research Foundation. Meanwhile, the Pandora Conservation Initiative is unaffiliated with the RDA. Because humanity has ruined Earth by the 22nd century and faces extinction, Pandora is of great interest to them due to the amount of natural resources it has. The RDA has set up two major facilities on Pandora, Hell's Gate and Bridgehead.

13. #13Known Clansselective

    Keys: Windtraders, Clans · Secondary: Metkayina clan, Aranahe clan, Ta'unui clan, Tipani clan, Anurai clan, Tawkami clan, Omatikaya clan, Kame'tire clan, Mangkwan clan, Olangi clan

    Na'vi clans exist in every biome of Pandora, and each has its own unique culture, sometimes even unique physiology. Despite their differences and distance from one another, clans stay interconnected through trade and tradition.

    Clans: Anurai clan – Renowned artisans who are targeted by humans who wish to steal their artifacts. Aranahe clan - A clan of weavers that live in the Kinglor Forest. Kame'tire clan - A clan of healers who live in the Clouded Forest. Mangkwan clan – A clan close to the Omatikaya, known to be very welcoming to all who seek refuge there. Metkayina clan – Clan located on the reefs of the Pandoran ocean. Olangi clan – One of the horse clans of the plains. Omatikaya clan – A jungle-dwelling clan that lives in a Hometree, nearest to the RDA's mining operations. Ta'unui clan - A clan that lives on the Eastern Sea. Tawkami clan – A clan renowned for their knowledge of chemistry and botany. Tipani clan – One of the first to make contact with humans, renowned for their strength and use of armor. "Windtraders" - A clan of Na'vi that come from the desert who live wandering lifestyles and trade items with other clans.

    Na'vi clans exist in every biome of Pandora, and each has its own unique culture. Despite their differences and distance from one another, clans stay interconnected through trade and tradition. Although they are largely independent, different clans from distant areas will cooperate in times of great crisis Here is a liat of them. Most clans are led by a leader with the title of olo'eyktan if male and olo'eykte if female and a tsahìk who is a spiritual leader. They are distinguished by a red garment.

14. #14Avatarselective

    Keys: Dream walker, Avatar

    Avatar (na'vi call them Uniltìrantokx or “Dreamwalker) is a genetically engineered human / forest Na'vi hybrid body, designed to serve as a remotely controlled vessel for a human mind. Selected human candidates from the RDA-funded Avatar Program, known as drivers, can psionically connect with their avatar bodies, which use their human DNA as part of the genetic templates and greatly resemble the drivers' own facial features. The avatars are used to explore Pandora without needing exopacks to breathe air that would be poisonous to humans, and to more easily interact with the Na'vi natives. People do not die if their avatar dies. Avatars have 5 fingers and toes unlike na'vi that have 4. Avatsrs also lack the opposable big toes na'vi have. They also have eyebrows, smaller eyes and their noses are less flat and feline unlike na'vi Avatars display somewhat more human-like body musculature and structure than the Na'vi. ( comparing the build of an avatar to that of the Na'vi of the; avatars structure is sturdier than those of the more willowy Na'vi). The queue of an avatar starts at the base of the skull, whereas a Na'vi queue starts at the top of the skull

    Normally, to explore Pandora, genetically matched human scientists use Na'vi-human hybrids called "avatars". Avatars look a little different than normal Na'vi, since they have 5 instead of 4 fingers. An avatar is a biological shell or clone of a Na'vi-human hybrid, crafted with the combined DNA of a Na'vi and specific human volunteer. Avatars are used to help humans explore Pandora, without breathing equipment, as the atmosphere on Pandora is toxic to humans.

15. #15Omatikaya Clan

    Keys: Clan, Omatikaya

    Clan Information: Alternative name: Blue Flute clan Location: Omatikaya Hometree (formerly), Omatikaya Village (formerly), High Camp (Today) Totem animal: Toruk Leader: Eytukan (until August 20, 2154) †, Tsu'tey (August 20–22, 2154) †, Jake Sully (August 22, 2154 - 2170), Tarsem (from 2170) Tsahìk: Mo'at, Sylwanin (tsakarem until 2152) †, Neytiri (tsakarem 2152 - 2170)

    The Omatikaya Clan (ENG: Blue Flute clan) is an ancient Na'vi clan that has lived in the rainforests of Pandora for hundreds of generations. The clan is currently led by Tarsem and Mo'at.

    The Omatikaya are renowned for their weaving abilities, recognized for their beautiful textiles and woven structures. They are also the first clan to make contact with humans, which makes the clan controversial as other clans oppose this interaction.

    The clan's members are deeply spiritual people with a respect for nature; they share a deep connection with the forest and especially Eywa herself due to them being responsible for protecting the Tree of Souls. Three Toruk Maktos have been members of the clan, most notably Jake Sully, the sixth Toruk Makto, and Entu, the first. The clan is led by an Olo'eyktan and Tsahìk, who are typically a mated pair.

    Culture: They are primarily hunter-gatherers. They do not use written language, and they do not use money. A Pandoran Research Foundation personality quiz highlights their notable traits as being spiritual, friendly, artistic and welcoming. Community is extremely important to the clan; all major events in an individual's life is celebrated with a communal gathering involving song, music and dance.

    While other clans such as the Anurai organize themselves around carving or pottery, the Omatikaya are renowned for their brilliant textiles and weaving skills. Thus, the loom plays a key role in the daily life of the clan. The largest of the Omatikayan looms is more massive than a Terran pipe organ. This 'mother loom' is given a place of honor in the common area of Hometree.

    The Omatikaya believe that if a job is done correctly it should never be done again; thus they will take as long as needed to perfectly construct a single bow, axe, or spear. The Omatikaya build practical items and tools for everyday survival, totemic storytelling and enjoyment. They use sustainable materials from the rainforest such as wood, minerals, gourds, reeds and plant leaves, and even the remains of deceased animals such as their bones. As expert weavers, the clan integrates patterns into their woven items, emulating what they see in nature: a complexity with a higher mathematical order. In general, rather than rigid 90 degree lines or grids, they weave and form in a holistic and organic way with rounded edges, sacred spirals and labyrinth-like patterns.

    All members specialize in at least one craft-making skill. One Na'vi may be an expert in braiding tight bow strings while another can stitch saddles. Through combined individual efforts, the Na'vi contribute to each other's resources, forming a cooperative system and clan bonding that has sustained them for tens of thousands of years.

    The clan encourages their children to make crafts (such as toy banshees) based on animals they see in the forest to help them understand their functions and forms.

    Music is of great importance to the clan, more so than any other, hence the clan being named after their most incredible and elusive instrument, the Blue Flute.

    The Omatikaya are a jungle-dwelling clan that previously made their home in one of Pandora's massive Hometrees. Their Hometree was over 20,000 years old and 300 meters (~900 feet) tall. The clan made use of all of its levels, with the deepest, underground chamber being reserved for ceremonies, the surface level for general living and gatherings as well as housing the mother loom and Toruk Makto totem, the upper chambers for cultivating hammocks to sleep on, and the canopy for sheltering the hunters' ikrans.

    After the Omatikaya's ancestral hometree was destroyed, Jake Sully temporarily relocated the clan to a living area near Hell's Gate while the clan waited to claim a new hometree for themselves. They then migrated back into the jungle and lived in scattered villages. As of 2170, the clan lives in High Camp.

    Rites When prospective hunters reach a certain age, they must perform Iknimaya, a rite of passage in which a young Na'vi must climb up into the Hallelujah Mountains to find an ikran. Through tsaheylu, the initiate creates a lifelong bond with it. Not all Omatikaya clan members practice this rite because not all clan members are hunters.

    To be considered an "adult" member of the clan, initiates must complete Uniltaron (Dream Hunt) in which the Na'vi hallucinate due to venom being injected into their body. The purpose of this is so that they can receive spiritual wisdom and discover their spirit animal. After this, the initiate is accepted by the clan as one of the People and is allowed to carve a bow from a branch of the Hometree. The new clan member may also choose a mate.

    When a member of the clan dies, the Omatikaya dig a hole near the roots of Hometree and place the deceased inside. The friends and family of the deceased line the grave with flowers and a Woodsprite is placed over them, along with their songcord. The clan honors the fallen member with singing and chanting.

    History: The First Toruk Makto:

    Some of the earliest Omatikaya tales speak of Entu, the first-ever Toruk Makto who, with his friends Ralu and Tsyal, tamed the beast in order to save the Tree of Souls from destruction. Later in his life, Entu became a traveler and left the clan, founding the Sarentu clan.

    Several millennia later, Neytiri's great-great-grandfather became the fifth Toruk Makto. The clan greatly honors Toruk Makto because of this, constructing a totem in remembrance of the legendary hero. The story of Toruk Makto is frequently recounted to children as they grow and learn.

    Relationship with Humanity:

    The Omatikaya were the first clan to make contact with humans and established peaceful negotiations with them. However, tensions formed due to the organizations more harmful practices to the environment, one of them being the mining of a mineral known as unobtanium which the RDA had largely been in pursuit of. The clan was against this goal since it violated the Three Laws of Eywa. Even so, the Omatikaya did not interfere and interactions went on with Grace Augustine having founded a schoolhouse in 2142, to teach the clan English and strengthen diplomatic ties.

    At one point, there was an incident involving the accidental contamination in the water which resulted in an ailment in the Omatikaya. This threatened to damage relations between the clan and the RDA but fortunately, this was resolved thanks to the efforts of Grace Augustine.

    Sadly, tragedy occurred sometime later when security forces disastrously killed a number of the students in response to them attacking and destroying RDA equipment. Among the fatalities was Sylwanin, the daughter of Mo'at and Eytukan and the tsahìk-in-training. Following this, the Omatikaya severed all peaceful relations they had with the RDA and conflicts continued to increase until both sides were on the brink of war.

    Relations briefly improved after the clan accepted Jake Sully who had been sent in a final diplomatic attempt by the RDA. Their ancestral Hometree unfortunately resided over one of the largest deposits of unobtanium which was why the RDA needed them to move. After negotiations failed between the RDA and the Omatikaya, the former shifted to more forceful means. In an attempt to make the clan leave, non-lethal teargas canisters were deployed first, but this led to retaliation and the Hometree subsequently was destroyed with incendiary missiles. Numerous Omatikaya were killed and the survivors were forced to take shelter at the Tree of Souls.

    With the start of all out war, the Omatikaya clan together with other clans, Jake Sully, and like-minded humans rallied against the RDA. Meanwhile, the organization planned to destroy the Tree of Souls in a preemptive strike to stop this uprising. With the aid of the Pandoran wildlife, the sacred site was successfully defended, and most of the RDA were expelled from Pandora.

    Omatikaya settling near Hell's Gate:

    About two weeks after the battle, Jake Sully set up a temporary home near Hell's Gate so the Na'vi and humans could grow closer and learn to coexist, and the remaining humans help heal some members who were badly injured in the battle. There was still conflict between the two races, with some members, including Ka'ani, protesting against the establishment of new mines to keep Hell's Gate running. Jake managed to introduce a temporary solution to the matter.

    Dissatisfied with the state of affairs and furious that a dreamwalker was given the title of Olo'eyktan, the late Tsu'tey's parents, Ateyo and Artsut, persuaded their younger son, Arvok, to challenge Jake to ritualistic combat known as First Blood. The winner of this rarely practiced ritual was to assume (or retain) the title of clan leader. Although Jake won the duel, he was poisoned with a substance that is lethal to the Na'vi, but survived, likely thanks to the human DNA in his avatar body. Arvok and his parents were banished from the Omatikaya clan as punishment.

    The Omatikaya welcomes Neteyam son of Jake Sully and Neytiri:

    In 2155, the Omatikaya Clan welcomed Jake and Neytiri's newborn son, Neteyam, and later their adoptive daughter, Kiri. The two had their first communion with Eywa at the Tree of Souls, celebrated by the entire clan.

    A few years after in 2168, by the decision of Mo'at and the elders of the Omatikaya clan, they moved to a new Hometree. Jake, however, convinced them not to move into it as it would easily give away the location of the Omatikaya if the RDA ever returned. He also trained the warriors of the Omatikaya how to fight in zero-G by shuttling them into space on the Valkyrie shuttle, equipped with specialized space suits. He also established the High Camp in the Hallelujah Mountains as an emergency hideout.

    Battle of the ISV Venture Star:

    Following the arrival of a new human transport in Pandora's orbit in 2168, Jake evacuated the Omatikaya and allied scientists to High Camp. Jake led a group of warriors to ambush the ISV Venture Star, with General Frances Ardmore aboard. While he, Neytiri, and their pilot Josh Winslow spoke with Ardmore to negotiate a peace, the Omatikaya warriors remained hidden, rolling around the ISV's hull to blow it up. The Na'vi and Hell's Gate rebels were, however, sabotaged when Nash McCosker betrayed them and the Omatikaya were forced to retreat back to Pandora. General Ardmore and her associates also survived and descended into Pandora's atmosphere aboard the ISV Manifest Destiny. Its high-powered engines' thrust created firestorms which set the forest below ablaze and killed the animals within a dozen kilometers. After the forest was burned down, the RDA dropped their Landing Modules onto the burned land to remove the remains of animals and forest vegetation with bulldozers and AMPs, thus the construction of Bridgehead began.

    Migration of the Sully Family:

    A year later in 2170, having ensured everyone's safety, the Omatikaya clan engaged the RDA in organized guerilla warfare under Jake and Neytiri's leadership, targeting and destroying their supply lines. Although the RDA suspected that the Omatikaya clan's new location was somewhere in the Hallelujah Mountains, they were unable to find the camp as Eywa's "immune system" would cause the banshees in the area to attack the RDA's aircraft after a short amount of time. Miles Quaritch and his recom squad were ordered to track down the location of the base and kill Jake Sully, as it was theorized their Pandoran bodies would not trigger the immune response. The squad captured Spider and interrogated him on the whereabouts of Jake Sully and the Omatikaya clan, but Spider did not reveal it.

    The Sully family leaves to protect their children from getting involved with the war:

    Knowing that Quaritch was a threat to his family and the entire clan, and fearing that Spider might reveal the location of the High Camp, Jake Sully convinced Neytiri to flee the forest. He relinquished leadership of the clan to Tarsem, a young but extremely wise warrior. The transfer of power took place at the Tree of Souls, and immediately after the ceremony, the family traveled to the Metkayina clan village of Awa'atlu several hundred kilometers away.

    Defending the Tulkun: After the Mangkwan Clan attack on the Tlalim Clan, Sa'ata carries Neytiri to High Camp for help. The Omatikaya, particularly Tarsem, help in the search for the missing Sully children and Jake. Mo'at later takes Kiri to the Tree of Souls in a failed attempt by the girl to connect to Eywa.

    When Jake takes up the mantle of Toruk Makto once more, the Omatikaya are one of the clans he calls into battle, spreading Jake's message to every clan within a day's ride of the Metkayina Clan. The Omatikaya participate in the Battle at the Cove of the Ancestors where the intervention of Eywa a second time leaves the Na'vi victorious, decimating the RDA hunting fleet and killing General Frances Ardmore, the RDA commander.

    Later, when Kiri and Spider connect to the Spirit Tree, the Spirit World takes on the form of the Omatikaya Hometree for them. Amongst the Na'vi who greet the two and welcome Spider into the People are Eytukan and Tsu'tey.

16. #16Metkayina Clan

    Keys: Metkayina, Clan

    Clan Information: Location: Reefs, Eastern Sea Totem animal:Tulkun Leader: Tonowari Tsahìk: Ronal †, Tsireya (tsakarem)

    The Metkayina are an oceanic Na'vi clan located on Pandora's reefs on the Eastern Sea. Of the over 50 reef clans, the Metkayina are the largest. The clan's olo'eyktan is Tonowari, and its tsahìk was once Ronal, and is now presumably Tsireya. The clan's main village is Awa'atlu.

    Culture and Habitat:

    The Metkayina live along the shores of the Pandoran oceans, on islands or near the mainland. Their homes are marui pods which are built into the roots of mangrove-like trees spanning the islands. These homes hang directly above the water presumably for easy access for swimming. Massive seawall terraces, similar in appearance to travertine terraces, guard the villages from strong waves and provide an easy place for the clan to fish. Some of the Metkayina villages have existed for thousands of years. Structures are constantly renewed but seldom replaced. The main village of Awa'atlu is protected by a seawall 6 kilometers in radius. It has small docks for canoes, a centralized ilu pen and communal areas for gathering, eating and the telling of tales and singing of songs.

    The clan makes use of its extensive and diverse habitat in many ways and has a close relationship with water. The islands of the Metkayina and the waters surrounding them are home to many unique specimens of fauna and flora, such as the dorado verde, pincer fish, and papa mantis tree. The Cove of the Ancestors is an area sacred to the Metkayina and houses their primary sacred site, the Spirit Tree. The Cove of the Ancestors is also the location where the Metkayina lay their deceased in water burials.

    The Metkayina have a close relationship with tulkun, intelligent whale-like creatures of Pandora, and are able to communicate with them. The tulkun tend to visit the Metkayina around twice a year before departing back to their main ocean. The Metkayina consider them to be their siblings, with each member having a tulkun "spirit brother/sister", and share their spiritual traditions. The Calf Communion is a tradition that the Na'vi and tulkun share.

    Just as clans such as the Omatikaya and Olangi ride direhorses to trek the landmasses of Pandora, the Metkayina use ilu as their companion of choice for gliding across the Pandoran oceans. During combat, skilled hunters of the Metkayina ride the skimwing; taming one is also a rite of passage into adulthood, similar to how some mainland Na'vi clans must tame an ikran as they come of age.

    Na'vi Sign Language is used by clan members to communicate with each other underwater, as well as with the tulkun.

    Tattoos:

    The clan, like other reef clans, practices the art of tattooing. All of the tattoos are unique to the individual and chronicle their life. The locations of each tattoo carry a symbolic meaning: tattoos over the heart and chest symbolize the safe embrace of the central island. Arm tattoos represent the more exposed protective shield of the seawall. Thus, a hunter of the deep sea has densely tattooed arms and less on their chest.

    The tattoos are considered a gift both from Eywa and the clan and are created with inks from special animals. The Olo'eyktan has the most intricate tattoos within the clan, spanning much of their body. Members receive their first tattoo after they complete all of their rites of passage into adulthood.

    Rites:

    One of their rituals for newborns is known as First Breath. This a highly symbolic birth ritual that takes place with the participation of the entire clan. It takes place in shallow water, and the Tsahìk helps the mother give birth to a child that emerges directly from the womb into the water. This is a symbol of Metkayina's deep connection to water, which is their second home. The newborn then has to swim out of the water on its own, which is a symbolic transition from this element to air. The name of the ritual refers to the first breath the child takes after surfacing.

    Much like Omatikaya clan teenagers, young Metkayina members must complete a number of coming-of-age rituals, known to the Na'vi as iknimaya, before they can be considered adults. One of these rites includes bonding with a tsurak (skimwing), others are various tests with their tulkun spirit brother or sister. Once a Metkayina has completed all of these rites, they are bestowed with a special garment, their first tattoo, and three beads for their songcord.

    Biology: Metkayina anatomia: The Metkayina have adapted seemingly for an aquatic lifestyle, bearing considerable differences from mainland Na'vi. Their eyes are enlarged considerably and feature a blue or green color rather than yellow, their forearms and lower legs have expanded to include a fin-like structure known as a 'strake', and the tails are broadened to form a paddle shape and lack a tuft of hair at the end. They also have a nictitating membrane, or 'third eyelid'. Stronger upper bodies can be observed, especially in males, who also possess a slightly different chest structure from mainland males.

    Curly hair appears to be the norm within the clan. Their skin also sways to a more cyan or turquoise color than the traditional blue, with fluid, ripple-like stripes. Like Terran sharks and other marine creatures, the Metkayina have distinct areas of lighter coloration on their underbellies and faces.

    History: Arrival of the Sully Family: The Metkayina have presumably had little contact with humans, asides with an implication they have interacted with Ian Garvin. However, they were aware of the tulkun hunting operations by Cet-Ops, but were unable to interfere.

    The Sully family requesting uturu:

    The Metkayina clan took in the family of Jake Sully and Neytiri after they fled from the Omatikaya Clan so they won't be hunted by Miles Quaritch, and the rest of the RDA as Spider would have given their location away, seeking uturu as the whole clan knew that they are known as forest people. Though they were still being hunted by Quaritch and his recom squad, the isolated location of the Metkayina allowed them to live there safely for several months, learning to adopt the oceanic ways of the clan. After Kiri experienced a seizure bonding with the Spirit Tree and fell into a coma, Jake contacted Norm Spellman and Max Patel who flew to Awa'atlu in a Samson to try and help. Although Kiri recovered, the crew's Samson was caught by the RDA's radar, allowing them to deduce an area the Sullys were likely hiding in.

    The recom squad began interrogating the nearby reef clans, including the Ta'unui clan. Under the orders of Tonowari, the clans, as they don't know anything about Jake Sully, refused to give up information on him to the RDA, Quaritch and his squad. Although Spider said that forest people do not come to the water worlds, the RDA and the recom squad killed an ilu and burned down the village's marui. The clans were horrified by it.

    With no success interrogating the clans, Quaritch, with the help of Mick Scoresby and Dr. Ian Garvin, decided to use a tulkun hunt to anger the Na'vi and draw Jake out of hiding. They successfully hunted and killed Ro'a, Ronal's spirit sister, along with her calf, and left floater devices on her body to ensure the Na'vi would find it. As predicted, the Metkayina, especially Ronal, were furious about the slaying and called for retaliation. Jake, however, talked them down, and told them to warn the tulkuns about the hunts.

    Skirmish at the Three Brothers:

    The tulkun whalers eventually found and stuck Payakan with a tracking beacon, which was discovered by Lo'ak. He, along with his siblings and friends, including the daughter of the Metkayina leaders, Tsireya, helped free Payakan, but they were captured by Quaritch and the recoms. After Jake and the Metkayina learned of this, they rallied a war party and raced to Three Brothers Rock to rescue the children. A battle ensued which ultimately ended in the destruction of the S-76 SeaDragon and rescue of Tsireya and the other children, but the death of Neteyam, Jake and Neytiri's first-born son.

    After the conflict had ended, the Metkayina held a funeral for Neteyam and buried him at sea. Jake informed Tonowari the following day that he and his family would be leaving to seek refuge elsewhere, but Tonowari convinced him otherwise, pointing out Neteyam has been buried with their ancestors, and affirmed that they were now part of the Metkayina.

    Preparing for War: Following the battle, Jake and Lo'ak scavenged the wreckage of the SeaDragon for weapons, but the Metkayina had no interest in human weapons. Instead, Tonowari urged Jake to become Toruk Makto again, something that Jake refused to do. Spider continued to live with the Sully family amongst the Metkayina until Jake and Neytiri decided to send him back during a visit by the Tlalim Clan. As a compromise to their upset children, the Sullys were to accompany Spider back to High Camp before returning to the Metkayina.

    Following the Mangkwan Clan attack and Spider gaining the ability to breathe Pandoran air, the Sullys returned to the Metkayina to learn that tulkun hunting had resumed. In addition, Payakan's attempts to get the tulkun to fight caused him to be forced to leave the area, much to Lo'ak's dismay. Soon after, the RDA found the Metkayina village with the help of the Mangkwan and partially burned it down, forcing Jake to surrender.

    After being rescued by Neytiri, Jake became Toruk Makto again. Now aware that the RDA were planning to attack the upcoming Calf Communion, Jake rallied all of the clans within a day's ride of the Metkayina to their aid, including the Omatikaya Clan. However, Jake's attempts to get the tulkun to fight were unsuccessful until Lo'ak returned with Payakan and Ta'nok who showed her brethren the horrors that she had suffered at the hands of the RDA.

    Battle at the Cove of the Ancestors: When the RDA fleet arrived, they were ambushed by the tulkun and the gathered clans. While the attack was successful at first, Recom Quaritch arrived with the Mangkwan who he had armed with human weapons. The Metkayina suffered heavy casualties, including Rotxo, while tsahik Ronal was mortally wounded and died after giving birth to her daughter Pril.

    After Kiri, Spider and Tuktirey connected to the Spirit Tree and appealed to Eywa, the Southern Squidrays and thousands of Mountain Banshees joined the battle. Jake's Great Leonopteryx destroyed the RDA flagship, killing General Frances Ardmore, while Captain Mick Scoresby was killed by Payakan and Ta'nok. The battle ended with the RDA fleet destroyed or forced to retreat after suffering heavy casualties.

    Following the battle, the Metkayina and the tulkun underwent the Calf Communion. Payakan's exile was revoked, allowing him to finally join the others of his kind.

17. #17Tomokaya Clanselective

    Keys: Tomokaya Clan

    The clan's members share a deep connection with the forest and especially Eywa herself due to them being responsible for protecting the Tree of Souls. Two Toruk Maktos have been members of the clan. The clan is led by an Olo'eyktan(Clan Leader) and Tsahìk(the spiritual leader of a Na'vi clan), who are typically a mated pair.

    The Tomokaya Clan organizes themselves around carving or pottery, being one of the largest Clans to do so. Next to this, the Tomokaya clan builds practical items and tools for everyday survival, totemic storytelling and enjoyment. They use sustainable materials from the rainforest such as wood, minerals, gourds, reeds and plant leaves, and even the remains of deceased animals such as their bones. All members specialize in at least one craft-making skill. The clan encourages their children to make crafts with clay, shaping small figurines for themselves.

    Habitat The Tomokaya are a jungle-dwelling clan lives in one of the Hometrees. Their Hometree is over 20,000 years old and 400 meters tall. The clan makes use of all of its levels, with the deepest, underground chamber being reserved for ceremonies, the surface level for general living and gatherings, the upper chambers for cultivating hammocks to sleep on, and the canopy for sheltering the hunters' ikrans.

    The Tomokaya Clan is strictly in war with humans and the leaders dislike them.

18. #18Sarentu Clan

    Keys: Sarentu, Clan

    Clan Information: Location: Western Frontier, Pandora Tsahìk: Ri'nela

    The Sarentu clan was a nomadic clan of Na'vi founded by Entu, the first Toruk Makto. The clan was nearly entirely wiped out by John Mercer and his mercenaries. This incident was then covered up, leaving Resources Development Administration unaware of what happened and making the Na'vi believe the clan had mysteriously disappeared.

    Meanwhile, a handful of children from the clan were taken after this event to be used in The Ambassador Program which was created by Mercer. Following the Pandoran War and RDA's expulsion, these Na'vi were placed into cryostasis to save them after Mercer ordered their execution.

    They were then awoken about 15 years later in the midst of the second war where they joined the Resistance in their efforts against the RDA and their colonization of the Western Frontier spearheaded by Mercer. In the end, the Mercer's operations were thwarted and the Sarentu clan was reborn in the Na'vi he had initially taken.

    Culture: Sarentu mark:

    The Sarentu Clan was a highly respected clan, famous for its outstanding storytellers, singers and stories. They were known for being diplomats who could resolve conflicts and bring peace, both within and between clans. They were excellent rhetoricians who could move the hearts of the Na'vi also from other clans, whom they visited frequently. Reluctant to fight, even against the RDA, they were also known for their peaceful attitude towards life. Comprised of storytellers, the clan would travel around Pandora to spread the tales of various Na'vi. They lived among other clans as if they were one of them, and would give them advice from an outsider's perspective. Frequent travel made them skilled ikran riders. One of the main elements of the clan's culture was The People's Cry, which allowed the few survivors to retain their identity and gave them the strength and faith to continue their legacy. The Tarsyu plant is also an important element, it allows only members of the Sarentu to connect with Eywa.

    Sarentu Totem:

    Once a year, the Sarentu left the clan they lived with to attend the Sarentu moot; this annual gathering let the Sarentu exchange stories and even petition the elders to let them stay in their current clan or go somewhere new. The known location where the council was held was the Circle of Songs in the Clouded Forest. The Sarentu's unique bond with the Tarsyu plant determined their place of appearance, the Tarsyu grow where the clan stayed or wandered, and can learn about the historical places where they camped, called the Sarentu lands.

    Additionally, there are Sarentu totems throughout the Western Frontier, large structures crafted by the Na'vi that carry symbols, meant to convey messages to future generations. They also built Memory Paintings at scenic overlooks throughout the Western Frontier.

    The Sarentu Mark:

    The Sarentu Mark is called Zeyrel Sarentuä in Na'vi, literally 'special [or distinct] image of the Sarentu,' or Zeyrel for short.

    It is located on the left cheek under the eye and is drawn on by the tsahik's fingers and thumb in a special ceremony at each Sarentu moot. It is the same shape for all Sarentu, inspired by the glowing arc formed by the torch of Entu, the first Sarentu and Toruk Makto, swung at the start of each story he told.

    The Zeyrel is given to children during a special ceremony at each annual Sarentu moot. The Zeyrel ceremony celebrates the child's first year of life and the application of the Mark. Any child who has reached their first year since the last moot is presented to the tsahik at the next moot. The Sarentu tsahik gathers fallen tarsyu petals as they are shed throughout the year, and mixes them with other pigments to create a paste.

    When applied, this paste binds to the proteins in the skin. The skin painlessly reacts to the mixture as it binds to it, creating new fibrous tissue. This results in a permanent, raised Mark on the surface of the skin.

    Children of the clan were marked at birth with a small family mark on their cheek, representing the symbol of their clan, making it impossible to hide who they were and drawing attention from Na'vi seeking a sympathetic ear wherever they went.[1][2]

    History: Founding and Culture: Nearly 3000 years prior to 2154, the clan was founded by a former member of the Omatikaya Clan, Entu.

    Massacre by John and Angela:

    In the year 2138, the Sarentu were attacked by a group of Sec-Ops mercenaries during their annual moot at the Circle of Songs. The attack was led by John Mercer alongside Angela Harding and Alma Cortez in order to gather a group of children to be used in The Ambassador Program. Before this, the Kame'tire Clan had been targeted for the program but one of its members known as Mokasa secretly managed to dissuade Mercer by revealing the location of the Sarentu moot to him.

    Unfortunately, neither Mokasa nor Alma were aware that Mercer's machinations would lead to the decimation of the Sarentu Clan. Ultimately, the clan was executed and a handful of children were abducted for TAP.

    At the same time, another member of the Sarentu managed to survive the massacre and went into hiding and self-imposed exile following this tragedy.

    To cover up this misdeed, reports to the RDA were falsified and barrels of corrosive acid were used to hide the remains of the clan, though this ended up creating a toxic mist called the yavä' in the Clouded Forest.

    One Kame'tire and friend of the Sarentu: Anufi, came to believe she was to blame for their disappearance by giving them faulty potions which supposedly killed them. This lie was also exacerbated by Mokasa who feared connecting to Eywa since it could reveal the truth and his role in the event. From this, the Kame'tire Clan was cast into shame for many years.

    The children abducted for TAP were placed in a residential school and lied to by Mercer, claiming their clan abandoned them. During their time there, they were pressured lose their Na'vi identities, customs, and belongings. They were further subjected to various forms of abuse at the hands of Mercer and Harding.

    Reemergence: After the RDA were expelled from Pandora, John Mercer ordered TAP be shut down and all of the Sarentu children killed. Alma saved them, however, and placed them all in cryostasis.

    Fifteen years later, Alma and the Resistance learned that the children were still alive in cryosleep and returned to the TAP facility to awaken them. Following this, the children began to reconnect with their lost culture by connecting with the Tarsyu and uncovering abandoned Sarentu totems and memory paintings.

    Eventually, the Na'vi clans of the Western Frontier, aided by The Resistance, successfully defeat John Mercer and end the colonization of the continent. Though the future of the clan remains uncertain, Ri'nela is preparing to become the new tsahìk.

    When the RDA was operating in the Spires Region, the player travels there to help a breakaway Kamitire stop them, which is successful. However, they're injured during the battle, and in the process, rescued by a Na'vi named Rasi, who is revealed to be a Sarentu that managed to escape the massacre of the clan in 2138. Unfortunately, she is living in self-imposed exile due to her guilt of abandonment and refuses to rejoin the clan.

    Trivia: Sarentu were marked at birth with a small family sigil under one eye. It is not known how the mark of the Sarentu is created. One theory is that it is created through a form of ritual scarification as a clan identifier or rite of passage for the Sarentu. The shading of the mark on the player character's face resembles the appearance of raised skin, and scarification is a ritual present in many indigenous human cultures, which Na'vi culture is known to draw inspiration from. However, the mark is never called a scar. The process was finally revealed during From the Ashes. After the Sarentu have awakened, Ri'nela is heard asking "Where's Yefti? And Telisi?" It can be assumed that these two are other Sarentu children in the Ambassador Program as in the intro scene there are at least three other Na'vi children there. It is unknown what happened to them. "Telisi" is also a name option for the player's ikran. In the TAP school's records there are also two other students mentioned: Okni (a sickly girl) and Yuayt (a boy that was TAP's eyes and ears in exchange for certain advantages. He may be the one that foiled Aha'ri's escape plan). According to Joshua Izzo, the clan was originally named the Saretu clan, but it was re-named the Sarentu due to Entu's role in its founding, which is why his name is the final four letters of the clan name. Rasi continued to build Sarentu Totems after the clan was nearly wiped out, keeping the tradition alive. Hers, however, were located in hidden areas instead of majestic ones to reflect her survivor's guilt.

19. #19Anurai Clan

    Keys: Clan, Anurai

    Clan Information: Location: Bone Sanctuary, Pandora Totem animal: Thanator Tsahìk: Tiali, Tsnu'u (tsakarem)

    The Anurai clan is a noble ancient Na'vi clan, renowned as meticulous artisans and craftsmen. They are the targets of heavy violence by members of the Resources Development Administration who wish to steal their artifacts, due to their value on Earth's black market.

    Culture and Habitat: The clan specializes in the wisdom of the night sky, charting the alignments of stars, planets, and Polyphemus' other moons. Tal'an is the clan's most recently known astrologer.

    The Anurai are master artisans and craftspeople; they are particularly adept at making bone tools and artwork. They spare no detail when working on their creations, drawing on the materials around them. A masterful balance of spirit and ingenuity has set them apart from the other clans. Wild imagination and visionary prowess guide them to scavenge the vast bone-littered land in which they live, while some artisans even travel the world in search of new materials. Both playful and musical, they specialize in fashioning instruments from the bones of animals long laid to rest. Using these and whatever other materials they may find, the Anurai continuously invent and create beautiful objects such as necklaces and sculptures. The tsahìk of the clan traditionally wears a highly intricate and beautifully detailed beaded headdress. Such jewelry is a defining aspect of Anurai culture.

    The Anurai highly revere the thanator, the deadliest land predator on Pandora, and it is considered their totem animal. Going back generations, the clan upholds a tradition of building thanator totems made from the skeletal remnants of the beast. This intricate bone sculpture requires more than one person to build; the craftspeople must work together to uphold the structure and build upon it as a practice of teamwork and trust.

    The majority of the Anurai live near the bone sanctuary, a bone-littered, arid valley filled with the skeletal remains of Pandora's animals. Water is plentiful and caves are abundant and suitable for living. Some Anurai venture further to explore and find materials for their crafts.

    A Pandoran Research Foundation personality quiz highlights their notable traits as being creative, musical, introspective and wise. They feel deeply fulfilled when sharing one of their creative works with each other.

    Information from Reckoning:

    The winters are long in the Anurai region and the plants and animals here are generally hardy. The Anurai region is home to a variety of large and dangerous creatures, and local Na'vi hunters tend to travel in groups when they are out in the wild. The Fan Moose is indigenous to the Anurai region and is a reliable mount and companion for the local Na'vi.

    They have a ceremony Gathering Ceremony: creatures known as Fireback Mastodons migrate to the Anurai valley in their old age and the clan aids them to return to Eywa. In order to lure the animals to the valley, the clan must use materials that have the scent of a Fireback Mastodon on it. They also have a special relic for this purpose.

    The Anurai believe that birth and old age are an intertwined cycle of life.

    History Toruk - The First Flight: Approximately 3,000 years before humans arrived on Pandora, the Anurai clan participated in the events that led Entu to become the first Toruk Makto. Entu, along with his companions, Ralu and Tsyal, spent the night in the Anurai clan's territory to rest. While sleeping, the Anurai clan performed their ritual of constructing a thanator totem; this caused nightmares for Entu, whose parents had been killed by a thanator. The following morning, the young Na'vi found one of five artifacts needed to summon a toruk under the thanator totem: a Musical bone crafted by the Anurai, believed to have the ability to summon the toruk when played.

    Later, when lava flooded the vicinity of the Tree of Souls, the Anurai clan joined the Omatikaya clan and helped them stop the flow of lava by releasing a stream of water.

    Recent Years: Since the arrival of humans, the Anurai clan has been the target of violence from humans trying to steal the clan's artifacts to sell them on Earth's black market.

    Avatar: Frontiers of Pandora — So'lek's Journey: In 2158, So'lek visited the clan. He learned how to make his own flute for weeks, until he tamed a thanator that he saved from another's attack and the clan congratulated him on his achievement. Tiali, the tsahìk of the clan offered him a place with the Anurai, but So'lek refused, knowing that he needed to continue the mission Hawnutu'un had given him. So'lek left and thanked Entok for his teachings before continuing into the desert.

    The Anurai lived in a jungle and Hometree similar to jungle clans, but were still master artisans. The Anurai were almost completely destroyed by Sean Wallen who wanted their artifacts to sell on Earth's black market. The two living members of the massacre, Rai'uk and Kyuna, went on a quest for revenge against Sean; this comprised the plot of the game.

    Around the year 2169/2170, Raven visited the clan. While searching for what had happened to their mother and father, Raven discovered three of the members have met their parents: Tal'an, Ahulang, and a deceased Na'vi known as Zureyn.

    Unfortunately, some members of the clan thought Raven's parents had stolen one of the clan's sacred relics back in the day: a horn. To earn back the clan's trust, Raven assisted with the Gathering Ceremony, and also offered to find the relic. Raven discovered through Zureyn's memories in the Spirit Tree that their parents did not steal the relic; rather, they hid it, apparently at an RDA camp. This cleared the names of Raven's parents.

    Trivia: The clan's near-total destruction was retconned in The World of Avatar: A Visual Exploration, which states that although they are the target of violent mercenaries who want their artifacts, they have not been massacred. Parker Selfridge's office in Hell's Gate contained several Na'vi artifacts, including a bow, arrows, and a dreamcatcher-like item, although it is unclear if they are of Anurai origin. So'lek's Journey shows that the Anurai are very alive and prosperous.

20. #20Aranahe Clan

    Keys: Clan, Aranahe

    Clan Information: Location: Silk Woods, Kinglor Forest, Western Frontier, Pandora Totem animal: Kinglor Leader: Ka'nat Tsahìk: Asahe (formerly) †, Etuwa (currently)

    The Aranahe clan, also known as the Kinglor Forest clan, is a clan of Na'vi weavers that live in the Silk Woods of the Kinglor Forest, located in the Western Frontier of Pandora.

    The clan is led by its Olo'eyktan, Ka'nat, and his daughter, the Tsahìk Etuwa, though the two do not always see eye to eye.

    Culture and Habitat:

    The Aranahe are stylish, sophisticated, and intellectual, reveling in all the arts, but especially weaving the fine silk of the kinglor. The Aranahe have learned to survive by abiding by long-standing traditions and valuing the needs of the community over the wants of the individual. They frown upon those who would question these ancient ways.

    The Aranahe are known for their dyes and their knowledge with dyes is shown everywhere in their hometree and clothing. They trade dyes and textiles with other clans, possibly including the Sarentu clan. They have a connection with the kinglor, a moth-like species that produces the silk used by the Aranahe for their creations.

    They live in a Hometree. Its many chambers and twisting corridors of the mighty tree are adorned with painted tapestries and dyed silks, displaying the artistic way of life of its inhabitants. Naturally one of the nesting places of the kinglor, it has recently received them in numbers that are threatening its stability.

    The clan connects to Eywa at the Glade of Light, a mountainous grove of Trees of Voices nestled amongst waterfalls. The Glade of Light also hosts important communal gatherings of the Aranahe.

    History: Attacks by the RDA: The clan's previous tsahìk was Asahe, the partner of Ka'nat and Etuwa's mother. Asahe saw that the hearts of the Sky People were poisoned by greed and ignorance. Unfortunately, she was fatally injured in an RDA ambush while assisting The Resistance. The Resistance ensured she was returned to Hometree, but Ka'nat threatened to kill the humans if they ever came close to Hometree again and became wary of ever confronting the RDA again.

    Eventually, the Aranahe discovered that the local kinglor populations were fleeing their natural feeding grounds, and the clan began sheltering the creatures in their hometree. This, however, threatened the stability of their hometree.

    After The Sarentu awoke from cryostasis, they sought the aid of the Aranahe clan once more after being rescued by Etuwa. With her help, as well as Nefika and Itu's, the Sarentu gained the trust of the Aranahe and bonded with the kinglor queen. In her memories, they witnessed the RDA's surveying balloons releasing a radar signal that caused the kinglor flowers to close up, starving the kinglor. With help from Etuwa, the Sarentu successfully destroyed a nearby RDA base that was sending the signal to the balloons. Impressed and inspired by the Sarentu's actions, Ka'nat agreed to help the Resistance once more.

    Later, with the kinglor flowers now open, the Sarentu helped Etuwa return the kinglor to their natural environment. During the assault on John Mercer's stronghold in the Kinglor Forest, the Aranahe joined the fight and helped end his destructive practices in the Western Frontier.

    From the Ashes: The clan's hometree and surrounding forest territory is attacked with a devasting fire and subsequently invaded by a coalition force consisting of the Mangkwan clan and the RDA.

    Trivia: The Aranahe is the first clan to be led by a father and daughter.

21. #21Hulanta Clan

    Keys: Hulanta, Clan

    Clan Information: Location: Wetlands, Pandora Totem animal: Tetrapteron Leader: Tiaru † Tsahìk: Angat, Ro'até (tsakarem)

    The Hulanta Clan is a Na'vi clan that lives in the Wetlands by water. The Hulanta clan's symbol is water, and whirlpools are often used in their designs, as they consider water to be sacred. The Hulanta are experts in pottery and weaving.

    History: When the Hulanta clan first chose to settle in the wetlands, their original Olo'eyktan created the first water container, and it became a precious relic to the clan. However, the relic was stolen at some point by RDA member Phil Bennet, and the clan did not perform their Water Ceremony in over 10 years as a result.

    War of the Wetlands:

    Around the year 2170, the Hulanta were attacked by the RDA administrator of Forward Base, Trinity Harper, and the Wetlands area bombed. The Olo'ekytan Tiaru died in the attack while the Tsahìk Angat was captured, and apparently taken to a prison camp near where the Tayrangi Clan lives.

    The surviving Hulanta had to leave their home. Ro'até stepped up to become the new clan leader.

    Culture:

    The Hulanta clan speak with the water, the earth, and the sky, and they seem to receive responses. Living in a natural environment such as this, their lives are filled with a variety of sensations. These Na'vi who inhabit the Wetlands believe that everything around them has its own unique power and virtue. The Hulanta clan is also one of the most accepting of the Sky People, and most of its members are kind and welcoming. The Na'vi regard exhalation as a sharing of the soul with nature, and the saliva, an important vehicle that carries the power of life and healing.

    It is mentioned the clan holds a festival once every 4 or 5 years. At the start of this festival, a lead singer is selected.

    They have a ceremony called the Flowing Water Ceremony which is about feeling the power of water, and thanking water for what it gives. In this ceremony, they make an offering to Eywa using the waters. They make small circular boats and put unique offerings in them. The ceremony can be seen here.

    Another ceremony is a rite of passage where Na'vi children must cross a river somehow in order to become Hulanta. This rite is about making them understand the importance of teamwork and to pay tribute to their ancestors. These children must also wear special adornments in order to participate in this rite.

    In order to be seen as an adult in the clan, members must make their own bow.

    Tetrapterons are their spirit animal and consider them their family. It is also against the clan's traditions to kill an animal when it is hunting, due to a belief animals deserve a chance at fighting for life and survival.

    Ceremonial Bow: The Ceremonial Bow is a symbol of coming of age in the Hulanta clan. Throughout history, some outsiders have had the rare honor of receiving the bow, including sky people. However, this honor is only bestowed on people who made great contributions to the clan. Whenever someone like this appears, the chief hunter of the clan waits at the Hometree until this candidate satisfies the conditions, then guides them through a trial to obtain the Ceremonial Bow.

    The wood of the Ceremonial Bow comes from the Wetlands Hometree, the giant tree that represents the prosperity of the Wetlands and the Hulanta clan. However, the Hulanta people do not damage the Hometree to craft the bow. Normally they collect branches that have already fallen. The Hulanta people usually use the intestines of various animals to make the bow strings. However, since the Ceremonial Bow represents the apex of Na'vi craftsmanship, the intestines of the hardy sturmbeest are often used. The Ceremonial Bow is mainly used for ceremonies, so its decorations are elaborate. The rich soil and water in the Wetlands has led to a proliferation of colorful wildlife, so a variety of brilliant feathers is available.

    In Na'vi tradition, the Ceremonial Bow is usually passed down from generation to generation. Since the Hulanta clan has received help from outsiders a number of times, a tradition of gaining the bow through trial has also been established. Passing this trial means one has gained the true recognition and acceptance of the Hulanta clan.

    Hometree:

    Na'vi clans tends to carve out an area of their Hometrees as a communal space. For the Hulanta clan, an entire empty central hall is the gift of the Hometree. This is where the men and women of the Hulanta would gather when the Olo'eyktan and Tsahik would address the entire clan. Likewise, the clan would have lively bonfire celebrations here. Even without taking into account the humidity of the air in the wetlands, the thick bark of the Hometree is somewhat fire resistant, so the Hometree is rarely ever burnt by a bonfire. Still, the firekeepers of the Hulanta clan who keep the fires burning are always on guard in case an animal or a careless clan member knocks over the fire pit - a point repeatedly emphasized in the clan's songs.

    Spirit Tree:

    The Spirit Tree of the Hulanta clan, called the Tree of Echoes, is surrounded by steep rock walls that are extremely slippery from moss and dew, but some of the Hulanta still insist on climbing the rock walls here every day to link to the Spirit Tree. The rainfall in the wetlands is tremendous. In Hulanta clan lore, one year the rain came so hard that it even filled the sunken basin completely, leaving the entire Spirit Tree barely above the water at its highest point. When the rain stopped, the entire Hulanta clan rallied, with groups of adult Na'vi scooping water into the river outside in baskets, while the elderly and children wove water baskets and prepared meals for them. With the efforts of the whole clan, the water under the Spirit was finally drained successfully. This story became a group memory of the Hulanta clan and was recorded in their songs and passed down from generation to generation.

    Trivia: There was a morbid side quest about a father (Txusim) getting birthday gifts for his teenage daughter until she becomes an adult. However, it is later learned Txusim died from illness after some time has passed, and that his daughter actually died 3 years ago, and the whole point was Txusim making gifts for his deceased daughter.

22. #22Huyuticaya Clan

    Keys: Clan, Huyuticaya

    Clan Information: Totem animal: Viperwolf

    The Huyuticaya, also called the U'imi Huyuticaya, were a Na'vi clan briefly mentioned in James Cameron's Avatar: An Activist Survival Guide.

    Huyuticaya are known for their tremendous love and respect for viperwolves, and often decorate their streamers with the viperwolf themes.

    Some of the clan members wear outfits to look like viperwolves. They also mark their face, hands, and feet with white war-paint to show they are without fear of death.

23. #23Kame'tire Clan

    Keys: Kame'tire, Clan

    Clan Information: Location: The Hollows, Sheltering Falls Leader: Tsu'lo (Ke'awa Kame'tire) Tsahìk: Anufi

    The Kame'tire clan is a clan of Na'vi healers that live in the Clouded Forest. During the Second Pandoran War, they had their own dark reasons to stay hidden.

    Their tsahìk, Anufi, once lived in exile and left her advisor Mokasa in charge. He controlled the clan and kept the outside world at bay. However, Anufi would later return to lead the clan again.

    The clan also has a sub-group called the Ke'awa Kametire, led by Tsu'lo. This group left the greater clan because they did not believe in Mokasa. However, they eventually reunited with the rest of the clan again.

    Culture:

    They are a reclusive and introverted clan who are deeply suspicious of outsiders. Still, they believe that all wounds eventually scab over and heal, and so too all impurities of the spirit can be redeemed.

    Respected as healers and herbalists, they have a deep knowledge and appreciation for plant life which is reflected in their organic styled clothing. This includes imposing armor made through wood shaping, the art of softening and sculpting wood into different shapes. They are less eager to fight the Resources Development Administration than some other clans, with many of the clan preferring to stay hidden. While they may not go into battle for what they love, they will conceal, heal, and protect that which has value.

    The clan lives within a settlement called The Hollows, which is composed of woodshaped dwellings nestled in a rocky gorge. This was not always their home, but they began living there after the disappearance of the Sarentu, choosing to hide away from other Na'vi in shame.

    The Kame'tire connect to Eywa at the Circle of Ancestors, a nook within The Hollows which houses the Whispering Greatcap. This location is also used for major clan gatherings. There is another Whispering Greatcap within Ancestor's Rest which is used for smaller Kame'tire gatherings or individual visits.

    Though the Kame'tire do not seem to have a symbiotic relationship with any one creature in a way similar to the Aranahe Clan or Zeswa Clan, they hold a deep respect for the Sailfin Goliath, calling them Gentle Ones.

    Healing and Herbalism: Renowned healers and caretakers, the Kame'tire historically traded remedies to other clans.

    One of the remedies the clan frequently produce are potions, mixtures of various herbs and compounds that produce healing effects. Ingenious Kame'tire have modified potion recipes to produce smoke bombs to disorient RDA troops.

    Herbalism fell out of favor in the clan after the disappearance of the Sarentu. However, a few dedicated herbalists like Siul and Okul kept the tradition alive. Their research into the yavä' eventually culminated in the production of an antidote granting the drinker immunity to the lethal mind altering effects of the toxic cloud.

    Crafting: The Kame'tire have historically been gifted woodshapers. Several Kame'tire can be seen within settlements and out in the Clouded Forest shaping wood with knives.

    They fashion the roofs and walls of their settlements with wood, retaining the natural shapes of the material rather than transforming construction wood into rigid shapes as humans do. Wood is also used by the clan to craft prosthetics for those who have had limbs amputated, as seen with Anufi's prosthetic arm. Wood may also be fashioned by the Kame'tire into armor, weaponry, dolls, totems, and masks.

    Unfortunately, Kame'tire woodshaping is a dying art. Uniluk is the last remaining artisan woodshaper of the clan.

    Storytelling and Kame'tire Theater:

    Many elements come together to create a Kame'tire story.

    Stories are told primarily through song by gifted storytellers such as Taka'ri. Masks aid in the practice of Kame'tire theatre, representing different characters, archetypes, or wildlife. Dolls are also used to represent characters in shadow puppet productions by casting shadows onto the walls. The Kame'tire also employ the use of practical effects, using their advanced knowledge of herbalism to craft colored smoke bombs that enhance performances.

    One creature frequently represented through theatrical masks is the Echo Stalker, whose large and colorful ears provide inspiration for mask makers and playwrights. Wearers of Echo Stalker masks usually fill the role of the blind prophet, a similar role to the human mythological and ancient theatrical character Tiresias.

    The storytelling art of the Kame'tire was historically fed by tales brought to them by the Sarentu. After the Sarentu Clan's disappearance and the Kame'tire's isolation from the other clans, Kame'tire theater has suffered without a steady influx of new material. Na'vi like Namtet are determined to keep Kame'tire theater alive.

    Music: Throat singers, like Manwe, practice their craft throughout the Clouded Forest and within various Kame'tire camps and settlements.

    Songs served several purposes. Some were to honor the clan's ancestors, others soothed frightened children, and some were to poke fun at embarrassing accidents. Kame'tire singers develop a deep understanding of the history of their clan through their work.

    History: Background: The Kame'tire were the original candidates that John Mercer intended to use to source children for TAP. However, when Mokasa refused to allow Mercer to take the clan's children, he instead directed him to the Sarentu Clan, foreseeing that he would not graciously accept his refusal and choosing to provide him an alternative.

    They had been known for having close connections with the Sarentu long ago, before the clan was nearly wiped out. Having been the last to see the Sarentu Clan alive, rumors spread that they were responsible for the killings, which caused them to be shunned by all other clans of the Western Frontier.

    Frontiers of Pandora: The Kame'tire Clan is the final clan introduced to the player character in the main story, first appearing in the quest The Hidden Clan.

    Many clan members are initially reluctant to interact with the player character, or even outright hostile. However, Okul and Sa'ney are sympathetic to the player character's motivations. Sa'ney aids the player character in finding Anufi, and the player character eventually convinces Anufi to return to her clan.

    Anufi and Okul help the player character reveal that the Kame'tire were not responsible for the massacre of the Sarentu Clan, and that the rumor was instead started by Mokasa to deflect blame away from himself.

    The Kame'tire then agree to help the The Resistance fight against the RDA, providing medical aid to the wounded and bringing warriors to fight in battle.

    From the Ashes: Jin-young MacKay mentions that after the Mangkwan attack they managed to warn the Kame'tire of their coming and just in time as members of the Mangkwan clan had poisoned their water sources. Anufi spotted it before anybody got hurt and she moved the clan into the Spires with the Ke'awa.

24. #24Kekunan Clan

    Keys: Kekunan, Clan

    Clan Information: Location: Deep jungle (neighboring that of the Tawkami Clan), Pandora

    The Kekunan are a Na'vi clan. Little is yet known about their way of life, but they are considered to have a greater skill at banshee riding than any other clan. They are known for their fast reflexes, cool composure and courageous heart that are all required to tame such a beast.

    Culture: The Kekunan are excellent aerial hunters, often doing so hundreds of meters off the ground.

    They wear bright, boisterous colors, which is symbolic of their tribute and confidence with the creatures that sustain their way of life. The Kekunan love nothing more than to leap and dance from one floating mountain to another and urge their Kekunan brothers and sisters to further feats of daring. A Pandoran Research Foundation personality quiz highlights their notable traits as being daring, athletic, impulsive and fearless.

    Their children begin learning the skills behind banshee riding at a very early age, using toy banshees as educational tools to demonstrate physics and maneuvers. The Banshee Catcher, used by other clans including the Omatikaya, has its origins in Kekunan legend, as an invention of the first banshee rider Taronyu.

    History: The clan is best known as the birthplace of the first Ikran rider, Taronyu. He named his flying mount Rotaylu. Interestingly, taronyu means "hunter" in the Na'vi language; in the culture of the moon's indigenous peoples, this title is bestowed upon a person who has successfully completed the Iknimaya ritual and become one with their ikran, the culmination of their hunting training.

    Toruk - The First Flight: The Kekunan clan was also one of the few clans involved in the time of the first Toruk Makto. The arrival of Entu, Ralu and Tsyal to the clan, they showed the chief the Toruk talisman and that they are in search of artifacts necessary to tame the Great Leonopteryx, being the only clan that believes in the prophecy, he gave the young men a horseman's mask and decided to help them locate the Toruk by taking them to the Hallelujah Mountains where it lives.

    When lava began to destroy the sacred Tree of Souls, the Kekunan joined the other clans to help save the tree.

    Trivia: Kekunan craftsmanship was present as early as the first battle in the form of clothing and other items used by the Omatikaya Clan. Notably, the battle band worn by Jake Sully during the Assault on the Tree of Souls was of Kekunan origin.

25. #25Li'ona Clan

    Keys: Clan, Li'ona

    History: Only one member of Li'ona clan is known by name, Tasun. He helped Rai'uk, who crashed near his village after a fight with a Scorpion. The clan lived in poor conditions. Flora and fauna were dying on the clan's habitat and the rivers had been dry as long as could be remembered. Rai'uk blamed humans for these conditions and asked for the clan's help to bring back the water. The Li'ona clan, however, did not want to make war. Rai'uk went alone and destroyed the humans' dam, making the rivers run again. Upon his return, the Li'ona clan were joyous and grateful.

    Conrad Olson attacked the Li'ona clan with several troops in retribution for Sean Wallen's death. Rai'uk stopped the attack and was offered to be part of the clan. He refused the offer and left to inform the Na'vi of the enemy inside.

26. #26Ni'awve Clan

    Keys: Ni'awve, Clan

    Clan Information: Alternative name: First clan Location: Valley of Origins, Pandora Leader: Tse'huk / Tsu'hak

    The Ni'awve clan was the first ever Na'vi clan. They reside in the Valley of Origins and their clan leader is Tsu'hak.

    History: The Ni'awve clan made contact with humans when they found Ryan Lorenz near the Tree of Souls. Since Ryan had a vision of a possible future, the Ni'awve saw him as a chosen one. Ryan Lorenz helped them a lot during his time there and the Ni'awve taught him the way of the Na'vi. After Ryan's death he was seen as a hero of the Ni'awve clan.

    Jake Sully and Neytiri were able to rescue Tse'huk, the new leader of the Ni'awve clan, from the Unobtanium Mine. There are numerous totems dotted around the world, which may have been built by this clan.

27. #27Olangi Clan

    Keys: Clan, Olangi

    Clan Information Alternative name: Horse clan of the Plains Location: Plains, Pandora Totem animal: Direhorse Leader: Akwey

    The Olangi clan was a nomadic Na'vi group led by Akwey. Like other horse clans of the plain, the clan specialized in cavalry, utilizing direhorses. They were among several horse clans of the plain, an unknown number of Na'vi clans in the area. The clan ceased to exist as a result of the events in Avatar.

    History: The clan's movement was based on following game during its seasonal migratory patterns. They lived in the shade of the massive trees that number the plain, making homes that are thought to be wicker huts, made from long grasses or wood, with fires in the center.

    The Olangi clan highly valued the freedom this nomadic lifestyle allowed them, seeing it as a privilege and a birthright to have the chance to spiritually "see" much of Pandora. Above all other horse clans of the plain, they were seen as premier direhorse riders.

    A Pandoran Research Foundation personality quiz highlights their notable traits as being restless, nomadic, honorable and loyal.

    Avatar: When summoned by Jake Sully as Toruk Makto, they assisted in the defense of the Tree of Souls during the final battle in Avatar. They played an important role in the conflict as cavalry, essentially attempting to halt the advance of RDA AMP suits and infantry units. They were supported by Norm Spellman in his avatar form, and later in his human form, who helped to direct the ground assault by keeping in contact with Jake Sully using a throat microphone. The clan sustained heavy casualties through the course of the battle, including Akwey's son, and though the exact number is unknown, it was greater than any other clan present at the battle.

    The Olangi survivors of the battle were absorbed into the Omatikaya Clan. Over a decade after the battle, Akwey stated that he is the only warrior left of his clan, which consisted largely of elderly Na'vi and children.

    Trivia: They share similarities with the Zeswa Clan. Akwey had a son that died in battle.

28. #28Rey'tanu Clan

    Keys: Rey'tanu, Clan

    Clan Information: Location: The Highlands, Pandora Leader: Saotun Tsahìk: Ameini

    The Rey'tanu Clan lives in the arid highlands.

    History: A hundred years ago, the Rey'tanu first arrived in the Highlands when the beasts of the Highlands were at large and danger was everywhere. There was nothing the Olo'eyktan could do about it. Seeing the clan wandering again, the brother of the Olo'eyktan, Havang, who was the Hunter Leader of the clan, stepped forward. He led the hunters to defeat the pack leader, expel the herds, and fought for the very survival of the clan. Eventually, he defeated the most powerful beasts at the cost of his life, and the Rey'tanu were able to establish a home.

    However, the harpetooth were too dangerous. Every year the clan lost brothers and sisters. Eventually, a great Tsahìk led the people up onto the towering Mushroom Rocks where it is safer, and they settled there. The unique structure of this home also ensures that every Rey'tanu is an expert rock-climber.

    Rey'tanu legend has it that their ancestors settled here to escape the hordes of wild animals, but folklorists at the RDA believe that they chose this area for other reasons.

    RDA Activities: Around the year 2170, the clan becomes threatened when the RDA's activities begin polluting the environment which damages the clan's few water sources, such as an oasis.

    During a sandstorm, Raven meets the clan and takes shelter. She does various tasks for the clan and earns the trust of Ameini. However, a member named Akeylong ends up being killed by an RDA turret.

    Habitat and Culture:

    Compared to the desolation of the rest of the Highlands, the area chosen by the Rey'tanu clan is a paradise. The cascading Mushroom Rocks provide a natural subdivision of the Rey'tanu home, from living areas to lookouts. The surrounding Mushroom Rocks keep the wind and sand out, and the interior has water to meet basic drinking needs, while the nearby oasis provides water for irrigation so that they do not have to resort to hunting in the dangerous environment of their wetland brethren. The structure of their home and the barren environment have given the Rey'tanu a conservative character over the years, and they do not go out hunting much.

    Since the biodiversity is weak in their area, they have adapted more on primitive agriculture and grazing than hunting, which leaves them only a small number of hunters. The Rey'tanu believe that Eywa treats all things in the world equally and justly, and they do not bemoan for the poor resources found in the Highlands, but believe that this is even the best environment for them. The Rey'tanu have planted Pandoran turtle pears around the rocks. This is a tough crop that is harvested once a year and produces plenty of food which can be stored for a long time.

    They have bonded with animals known as the Flat Headed Capra, making this hardy and patient creature their companion.

    The Rey'tanu Clan praise the sun of the Alpha Centauri System, as it gives them light and heat, allowing the turtle pear and other plants to grow and provide fruits.

    The tenacity of the people of the Rey'tanu Clan is born out of the harsh environment of the Highlands, and this has also spurred them to listen to the voice of Eywa through meditation.

    Harvest Ceremony: The Harvest Ceremony is the most important event for the clan. On this day, they light bonfires, share food, and dance to music led by the Olo'eyktan. They celebrate the clan for their hard work throughout the year. Most importantly, the clan shows their ancestors that the Rey'tanu clan is still alive and well and that the home they had built is still nurturing future generations.

    Spirit Tree: The intense sunlight from the Highlands shines through the large opening at the top of the Spirit Tree, allowing it to bloom with extremely unique colors. The Rey'tanu Spirit Tree has an extremely thick and dense root system, but this root system is not invasive and does not squeeze out the vital nutrients from other plants. Quite the contrary, the density of vegetation here is far superior to that of other areas of the Highlands. It is conceivable that these roots penetrate deeply into the crevices of the surrounding rocks with a strength beyond our imagination, breaking the rocks down and turning them into soil after countless years of build-up, nourishing the plants underneath them and bringing the desolate Mushroom Rocks back to life. Each leaf of the Spirit Tree reflects the strong sunlight of the Highlands, making the cavern where it is located as if bathed in a golden light. It is unknown if the ancestors of the Rey'tanu clan were guided by this tree to make their home in this fertile land, but it is clear that, like other clans, the Spirit Tree and the Rey'tanu clan are inseparable.

    Trivia: They use hang-gliders to fly across the sky. The clan also uses smoke signals. Red smoke has only been used three times in the clan's history and is a very bad omen. It mentions there is an excellent smoke master named Tiala who does not usually live with the clan because her work is too dangerous. It seems Tiala was Elang's original name. It is mentioned that some of the Tlalim's most unique instruments are the Rey'tanu clan gourd musical instruments.

29. #29Ta'unui Clan

    Keys: Ta'unui, Clan

    Clan Information: Location: Atoll in the Eastern Sea, Pandora Leader: Ta'unui Olo'eyktan Tsahìk: Ta'unui Tsahìk

    The Ta'unui Clan are an oceanic Na'vi clan on the Eastern Sea. They are one of many reef people who live in the same group of atolls as the Metkayina Clan.

    History Like the Metkayina, the Ta'unui are adapted to the ocean and live in marui, which are built between the roots and branches of mangrove trees. They use the ilu as mount and decorate their bodies with tattoos that are an indicator of their status and life experience.

    In 2170, the village of Ta'unui was targeted by Miles Quaritch and his team of Recoms looking for Jake Sully. The colonel showed the locals Jake's photo and asked if they had seen him, to which they replied they had not, as they were under the orders of Tonowari, the clan leader of the Metkayina Clan. Frustrated that the clan did not seem to know anything about Jake, Quaritch ordered his squad to kill one ilu, much to the shock of the whole clan and Spider. Quaritch then threatened to kill the Tsahìk if the Olo'eyktan did not give up Jake's location. Disgusted, Spider rejected to translate this threat and declared that he did not want to be part of this.

    Finally, under the influence of Spider's pleas, Quaritch spared the lives of the whole clan, but he still ordered his squad to burn the village down instead, leaving the villagers in despair.

    Trivia: There was confusion whether or not the Ta'unui was a clan or just the name of their village, and if they were considered part of the Metkayina clan. But they are their own independent clan.

30. #30Tawkami Clan

    Keys: Tawkami, Clan

    Clan Information: Alternative name: Sky Seer clan Location: Deep jungle (neighboring the Kekunan clan), Pandora Leader: Tawkami Olo'eyktan Tsahìk: Tawkami Tsahìk

    The Tawkami clan (ENG: Sky Seer clan) is a resourceful Na'vi clan that resides peacefully deep in the wild Pandoran jungle. The clan has long watched over Eywa's ecosystem with a careful eye to maintain the balance and is known for its persistent quest for knowledge and lorekeeping.

    Culture:

    The Tawkami are highly studious and well known amongst other clans for being the most knowledgeable on Pandora and its inhabitants. A Pandoran Research Foundation personality quiz highlights their notable traits as being gentle, analytical, scientific and curious.

    The clan considers it their mission to study and preserve the sacred ecosystem of Pandora. Many among them nest in massive, bioluminescent plants such as healing roses for days at a time to meditate and attain spiritual wisdom. They use plants for food, medicine, decorative items, and even personal clothing.

    Most notably, the Tawkami are master botanists, chemists, and alchemists. It has been said that where most see a beautiful landscape, the Tawkami see Pandora as an elaborate concoction of ingredients each with its own unique powers and virtues. Their recipes have been refined and passed down over generations, and include a wide array of potions, remedies, and other concoctions. Among their repertoire are tranquilizers, extracting essential oils, and producing the plexiglass-like material for their rider's masks.

    The Tawkami award multicolored sashes to alchemical apprentices among their own. Each apprentice is given a plain sash to wear at the start of their training, to which colorful strips of fabric are added as they learn and gain mastery of new skills. The more colorful the sash, the more experienced the chemist.

    Habitat: The clan's territory neighbors the Kekunan clan and is situated in the mountains. It is a lush jungle filled with many varieties of bright, colorful flowers ranging drastically in size, the largest towering over even a fully grown Na'vi. Their village is centralized by a giant panopyra, which once contained the sacred Tranquil Seed. They live in huts.

    Rites: Hunters of the Tawkami clan undergo their own version of Iknimaya when they come of age. Initiates get a yellow V-shape applied to their forehead, and must create their own rider's mask. The plexiglass-like material of the lenses is cut and custom-fit to each rider by the clan elders, and initiates spend up to 16 hours polishing the lenses during their rite.

    History: Toruk - The First Flight:

    The earliest tales of the Tawkami tell of the youngster, Tsyal, a daughter of the Olo'eyktan who defies her father's wishes and helps Ralu and Entu on their quest to tame a Great Leonopteryx. They needed the Tranquil Seed, one of the sacred items needed on their quest to tame toruk. The clan chief refused to help Entu and Ralu and even laughed at them, not believing the prophecy. Against the will of her clan, Tsyal stole the seed and joined them. She uses the sacred Tranquil Seed to subdue the toruk, helping Entu become the first Toruk Makto.

    Later, the Tawkami were summoned by Toruk Makto to help the Omatikaya clan stop the flood of lava that threatened to destroy the Tree of Souls. They helped destroy a mountain and release a stream of water onto the lava.

    When a mysterious illness strikes the children of the Omatikaya clan and, as it is later learned, the avatars of Hell's Gate, Mo'at turned to the Tawkami clan for help in finding an antidote. Mo'at had taken Grace Augustine with her to the village of Tawkami, to which Mireya was skeptical; at first, she refused to help for fear of contaminating her own clan, but she eventually agreed to help. After Grace passed out, Mireya discovered patches of pale pigment on her body. She decided on bringing Grace's avatar to a field of syekalin, a flower suspected of causing the disease. Mireya believed that what caused the disease could also become a cure. Mo'at and Grace later used the syekalin to synthesize a cure for the disease.

    Avatar: Frontiers of Pandora — So'lek's Journey:

    In 2162, eight years after the Battle of Ayram Alusìng, So'lek was in the territories of the Tawkami clan, where he was attacked by viperwolves, and was found and treated for his wounds by Syanan. After he recovered, the rest of the Tawkami treated him very simply for the next three months. One day, a young man alerted Syanan and So'lek about a small group that was looking a Sage Mushroom, but they were trapped in a cave. With the help of other members, they managed to remove all the debris and free those inside. Syanan then began treating the wounded. Thanks to her and So'lek, who helped with the treatment, the three gatherers were saved and at night So'lek prepared to continue his journey. With a final joke, Syanan and the rest of the Tawkami bid him farewell.

    The Tawkami lived in a village in the jungle called Greenhome. They had a hometree overlooking the village, but did not live in it. The clan also had control over the potent fruit.

    The game detailed the Tawkami's first contact with humans, which came about when a Samson flew over their village. Open conflict between the two groups took place almost immediately, with the humans capturing the clan's elders that same day. This sparked a series of battles that eventually resulted in the abandonment of various RDA sites including the Highcrags mining facility, and the defeat of the rogue scientist Dr. Ossman.

31. #31Tayrangi Clan

    Keys: clans, Tayrangi, Eastern Sea

    Clan Information Alternative name: Ikran People of the Eastern Sea Location: Eastern Sea, Pandora Leader: Ikeyni

    Tayrangi: (also known as: Ikran People of the Eastern Sea). A coastal Na'vi clan led by their olo'eykte, Ikeyni.

    History: The Tayrangi are famous for their ikrans riding prowess, similar to their brother of the north, the Kekunan. They use them to fish for aquatic creatures in the Pandoran ocean, diving in a fashion similar to the Terran cormorant fish, then flying back out. They have a deep knowledge of the air and sea, including underwater migratory and feeding patterns. Because of this activity, the Tayrangi have strong swimming skills and have a reverence for the larger aquatic predators they come across.

    The members are independent spirits, untethered to convention and unburdened by even the strictest of Na'vi clan rules. unconventional, eclectic, adaptable, and progressive.

    The Tayrangi are one of the 15 clans summoned by Jake Sully as Toruk Makto, for the battle against the RDA in defense of the Tree of Souls. The clan is led into battle by Ikeyni, and assist in the defense during the Battle of Ayram Alusìng. Many of them die during the battle, but manage to destroy several of the RDA's vehicles.

    Trivia: The clan lays their deceased on cliff nooks overlooking the sea where they are then eaten by small banshees.Even though they live on the coast of the Eastern Sea, Tayrangi members are not biologically adapted for a marine environment like the Metkayina clan and other reef clans are. This could be due to the Tayrangi technically living on the mainland and traversing the oceans primarily on banshees. Other known members are: Nan'ti (female scout, gatherer), Tsentey (male warrior, Ikeyni's mate).

32. #32Tipani Clan

    Keys: Clan, Tipani

    Clan Information: Location: Jungle, Pandora Totem animal: Atlas Beetle Tsahìk: Sänume, Unipey (tsakarem)

    The Tipani clan, also known as the clan of silent war, is a Na'vi clan located in the jungle. Its members reside in over a dozen individual villages scattered through the dense jungles of Pandora. The Tipani are perhaps the fiercest warrior clan of all the Na'vi people, and their hunting prowess is renowned far and wide.

    Culture: The Tipani Village: A Pandoran Research Foundation personality quiz highlights their notable traits as being fierce, noble, stoic and proud.

    Though all Na'vi are proficient hunters, the Tipani train like no other clan. They raise their children to be warriors from a very young age. When the Tipani hunt, they move without making a sound. This silent hunting style is reflected in the Tipani's otherworldly demeanor; a Tipani rarely speaks, and only does so with careful consideration. Thus, their words often carry enormous weight.

    The Tipani clan are the only clan observed to wear armor, traditionally crafted from the cuirass crab, although they also wear atlas beetles. Apprentices wear bonnet-like helmets made from insect shells.

    During their adolescent years, strict focus is set on developing both the mind and body for battle under the clan elders. A centuries-old tradition sees elders accompany groups of warrior apprentices into the woods where athleticism and tranquility are put to the test. Success is not measured by the ability to slay a creature, for many come home empty-handed. It is measured by the ability to stalk prey without making one's presence known. A master warrior must first acquire the art of light-footedness before training in the art of the kill.

    Their homes seem to be built from twigs or hay in the shape of weaver birds nests, having one round opening, in the tall trees. These structures can be quickly dismounted, as if the clan was never there.

    History: Toruk - The First Flight: Tipani was one of the few clans involved in the events of the first Toruk Makto. It was during their journey that Entu, Ralu and Tsyal came across the clan searching for the artifacts. The item that Tipani was going to give them was the Atlas Beetle shield. The warriors not only refused to help them, but after learning of their history, they ordered them to return to their clans and assigned their own escort to protect them. Accompanied by the Tipani warriors, the three friends eventually ran into the Kekunan Clan, who were the only clan that believed in the prophecy and decided to help them.

    Later, when the Tree of Souls began to flood with lava, members of the Tipani clan summoned by Toruk Makto helped the Omatikaya Clan stop the lava along with the other clans.

    Frontiers of Pandora — So'lek's Journey:

    In 2160, Tipani received a visit from So'lek, one of the few survivors of the Trr'ong Clan after the Battle of Ayram Alusìng. The warrior informs them that he came to their territory with the objective of completing the next part of his mission: obtaining armor made from the shell of the armor cuirass crab.

    So'lek was trained by Rimu, with whom he seems to have entered into an almost romantic relationship with her. After almost half a year of being in the clan, So'lek obtains the shell of the cuirass crab. With the help of a Tipani Master, he makes his shoulder armor. Finally, the clan advises him to rest and not waste energy. However, the pain So'lek feels over the loss of his home since fighting the Sky People remains too strong to stop him, and So'lek eventually abandons the village and wanders away, leaving behind her armor back.

    In human eyes, the Tipani were "unsettlingly standoffish" when further integration with humanity was suggested. They were reluctant to engage in diplomacy with humans, with only a handful embracing the study of Earth languages. The Tipani had not welcomed many avatars into their trust. Four were allowed into the clan in 2152 (Epstein, Langley, Parker and Ryder), but subsequent attacks by commander Falco on Vayaha Village quickly soured relations into open conflict. The hostilities only concluded with the death of Falco at the Well of Souls.

    Trivia: Tyler Bukowski mentions that viperwolves are sacred to the Tipani. The Tipani are renowned for their arrows.

33. #33Tlalim Clan

    Keys: Clan, Tlalim

    Clan Information Alternative name: Wind Traders Location: Pandora Totem animal: Medusoid Leader: Peylak, Ya'fatar

    The Tlalim clan, also known as Wind Traders, are a nomadic Na'vi clan. Their main caravan’s Olo'eyktan is Peylak. They use medusoid and windrays to travel in airships.

    Culture: The clan specializes in traveling and trading across Pandora, making periodic visits to major Na'vi villages where they establish a market for their goods. Similar to the Sarentu clan, they also bring stories of other Na'vi cultures and receive messages to pass onto other clans. The sight of the Tlalim clan symbolizes a time of celebration, feast and dancing. The clan is highly respected as a result. The Na'vi do not use money or a currency system, so they resort to bartering with food, tools, textiles and crystals. They also use sätare beads; Kukulope traded with these beads.

    The Tlalim do not take sides in war, and they also follow the ways of Eywa.

    The Tlalim clan uses medusoids to fly, and are powered by windrays. These are attached to a large gondola which transports the goods and the people. A Tlalim caravan can have anywhere from 2-5 gondolas. They control their gondolas in a similar way as a sailboat on Earth, and even sing shanties while doing so.

    The clan follows trade routes that are determined by where population centers are around Pandora, which way the wind is currently blowing each time of year, and where they can feasibly go. This results in them often raising or lowering their altitudes, or waiting in one location until wind direction changes. Their philosophy of life is the wind which gives and takes.

    The clan lives in danger of raiders like the Mangkwan, who live pirate lifestyles. The Tlalim have outriders on ikran to scout and protect the ships. They also have large containers of water in their gondolas which they release to increase their altitude. This clan is known to use large crossbows and handheld staffs for self-defense.

    Members of the clan are known to be very jovial, but also cautious people. Due to their ability of seeing different cultures and lifestyles of how different Na'vi clans live, they also are open-minded.

    Roles: The Tlalim is the only known clan with multiple olo’eyktans. Their olo’eyktans are also known as “captains”. There are several different caravans, with each caravan having a different olo'eyktan. There are at least two caravans, with their leaders being Peylak and Ya'fatar.

    They have navigators who bond with the windray, checking on its health and direction. They also have outriders, both of their clan and others who have offered to help (like Jake Sully), on ikran to protect them.

    History: When the Tlalim clan arrives at Awa’atlu, the Na'vi there are very happy. The Tlalim share stories and trade goods, setting up markets in the main area of the village. Jake Sully convinces Peylak to transport Spider to High Camp once they leave, as to protect Spider from being out in the toxic air all the time. Peylak agrees, but once Jake’s children are upset, he asks Peylak to transport the whole family. Peylak protests, saying that having Toruk Makto onboard would be too close to choosing a side in the war, but Jake tells him that he would be an outrider, and Peylak agrees.

    The Sully family enjoys their time on the gondola with the joyous Tlalim, but they are attacked by a particularly violent Mangkwan raid. The Sully’s and the Tlalim fight valiantly, but Varang and her raiders take down a gondola, killing many. The other gondolas retreat.

    From the Ashes: A different and slightly smaller caravan than the one in Fire and Ash arrives at the Aranahe Hometree in the Kinglor Forest, earlier than expected. They have had a hard journey and had their previous leader die due to a Mangkwan attack. The Aranahe and Sarentu (who are living with the Aranahe) are very excited to see them and the exotic items they bring (such as flowers from the Omatikaya rainforest), but the Tlalim bring grave news: the Mangkwan clan are coming to the Kinglor Forest. These aggressive people soon attack, and all but one of the gondolas is destroyed, and several of the clan are killed. The remaining gondola gets stuck, and So'lek helps them out and helps them gather their scattered members and escape the forest.

    Trivia: There may be another wind trader clan, as So’lek mentions he had met a wind trader clan other than the Tlalim at a young age.

34. #34Tomac'ta Clan

    Keys: Tomac'ta, Clan

    Description: Tomac'ta clan is a clan that is known for their love and respect for banshees. They often decorate their Streamers with iconography of the banshees.

35. #35Trr'ong Clan

    Keys: Trr'ong, Clan

    Clan Information: Location: The Na'ring Forest (near the Omatikaya Clan), Pandora Leader: Trr'ong Olo'eyktan † Tsahìk: Trr'ong Tsahik †

    The Trr'ong clan was a clan of Na'vi which took part in the Battle of Ayram Alusìng.[1] Most of the clan had been wiped out and the survivors were absorbed into other clans.

    One of the survivors is So'lek.

    Culture: The elders of the clan teach the young members to bring warmth and love to others as their clan is seen as a light against the darkness and that this is their responsibility.

    Clansmen tamed ikrans and Trr'ong warriors fought enemies in the air.

    It is tradition among the Trr'ong hunters to make woven necklaces (sometimes called neck guards) to indicate their success as hunters. It's intricacy and decorations would showcase the hunters experience and skill. In Wawen's case he included viperwolf's claws and teeth from his first hunt to honor the fallen animal and to never forget where he started.

    The Flamingo orchid has a special meaning for the Trr'ong as it was held by their founder when he started on the Path of the Promiser.

    The clan would store fermented drinks into large communal bowls from which smaller cups would then be filled. This bowls would be used in festivals and rituals.

    The clan also has shown a deep understanding of the benefits of meditation as many meditation mats can be seen in the destroyed village and So'lek also uses one in his base in the Kinglore Forest.

    The clan connects to Eywa through Trees of Voices.

    Habitat: The Trr'ong clan is known to have lived near the territory of the Omatikaya clan, in the Na'ring Forest, near the Hallelujah Mountains. They did not settle inside a Hometree, they built their shelters in the forest, not far from the Trees of Voices. Native to the Na'ring Forest is the Tana'ring flower (hygieia cluster to humans) which the Trr'ong consider emblematic to their culture. It's sweet smell is consider by many the smell of home. The stalk of the plant, if chewed, has a numbing sensation on the tongue. This mild analgesic effect is well known in the clan and the flower is often administered to relive pain. The fact that it blooms in all seasons is celebrated in poems and songs and is taught as an example of the value of stoicism and unity in the face of change. It is also considered good luck for Trr'ong hunters to camp in areas that have it's smell on the breeze as they often see a high amount of animal footfall.

    Crafting: Members of the clan would carve intricate carvings into Thanator bones that would be used as decorative objects in their homes. They can also make small direhorse statues from single pieces of wood to honor the animal's speed and grace.

    Another unique element to the Trr'ong are the Lover's Braces. They are two complex swirls of wood that are intertwined together in display of Trr'ong craftsmanship. When two lovers are joined, they separate the twines together and wear them as bracers to remind them that they are one half of a whole.

    They would also craft small wooden trinkets in the shape of Flamingo orchids.

    Games: The Trr'ong had polished wooden balls that would be used in friendly competitions. A team would carry and pass the ball through the trees without touching the ground, while the other team would try to intercept it.

    History: Foundation: The clan was founded by Hawnutu'un, a great warrior who lived during Entu's epoch, the first Toruk Makto. After surviving a war, he fell into despair and loneliness, which prompted him to follow the Path of the Promiser to find inner peace. During his journey, Hawnutu'un answered Entu's call and protected the Tree of Souls, split the rock and released a stream of water that extinguished the flames of the volcano, and also climbed to the top of the Hallelujah Mountains and saw the place in the forest, where the Trr'ong Clan settled.

    Slaughter: In 2154, Trr'ong was one of the clans that were called by Jake Sully the sixth Toruk Makto and participated in the Battle of Ayram Alusìng, but during which almost all of its members were killed and the RDA troops, on their way to the mountains, they massacred the village. Among the few survivors were Txuratrri, who died shortly after from her wounds, and So'lek, tormented by post-war trauma, decided to follow the same path as Hawnutu'un. Other survivors of the Trr'ong Clan were taken in by other clans.

    Over the next 16 years, So'lek found his way to the Western Frontier, where he helped fight the Sky People's colonization of the continent during the Second Pandoran War. He became a respected hero among the Na'vi.

    Trivia: "Trr'ong" means "dawn, sunrise" in the Na'vi language. Both their Tsahik and Olo'eyktan died in the Battle of Ayram Alusing. So'lek remembers them saying: "If our Tsahik were here, she would ask if I really listened" and "Our fierce Olo'eyktan, he would ask why I hesitate" in Avatar: Frontiers of Pandora: So'lek's Journey. Some of their artifacts were found or traded by the Tlalim clan. In From the Ashes after the Mangkwan attack several of these item were lost from their gondolas. The Windtraders would prefer for So'lek to keep any items he finds as they truly belong with him.

36. #36Zeswa Clan

    Keys: Zeswa, Clan

    Clan Information Alternative name: Zeswa'Sopyu (Grass Traveler) Location: Upper Plains, Western Frontier, Pandora Totem animal: Zakru Leader: Nesim Tsahìk: Minang

    The Zeswa'Sopyu, more often known simply as the Zeswa, is a clan of Na'vi nomads that live in the Upper Plains. They are led by Nesim, with her sister Minang serving as tsahìk.

    The clan lives with zakru, and are skilled direhorse riders.

    Culture: They are a colorful, boisterous and ferocious warrior clan. Proud and loving, the Zeswa talk loudly, feel strongly, and play fiercely. They are a clan of fearless direhorse riders, renowned for their war-like competitions and over-the-top celebrations. This includes hosting the Great Games, a large athletic competition. They also ride banshees.

    "Dance-fighting" is a practice seemingly unique to the Zeswa. Not much is known about the practice, but it seems to be a ritualized hand-to-hand spar between two participants.

    The clan connects to Eywa at the Chamber of Echoes, located just a short ways east of the clan's location during the events of Avatar: Frontiers of Pandora.

    Crafting: Signaling Kites: Kites are important to the clan. The path leading to The Circle, the clan's home, is marked by colorful, soaring kites, which are made of easily found materials such as reeds, poles, and woven zakru wool. Kites have many shapes, sizes, and purposes. Some mark zakru migration paths, while others indicate a celebration is underway, or that games or dance-fights are being held. Kites may also signal that a camp is welcoming weary travelers, offering warm meals and zangke.

    Raising the signal kites for celebrations is considered an honor. It was previously bestowed upon Sarentu visitors to the Zeswa.

    Kite building is a respected profession, practiced by Akru and previously by Fa'zak. Kite builders also craft the tents which make up the Zeswa camps.

    Wind Flutes: The strong winds of the Upper Plains are also harnessed by Aeolian Wind Flutes crafted by the Zeswa and dotted throughout the land. When in tune, they emit a harmonious hum which is intended to sound similar to the vocalizations of the zakru. The densest concentration of flutes is at the Zakru Graveyard, where their tune is intended to soothe the zakru who have passed on.

    Relationship With the Zakru: The Zeswa are wanderers, traveling along with the zakru who only move around once per generation. Until then, the clan sets its tents around the zakru to shield them from the strong winds. Young zakru, such as Ko'akte, are cared for by the clan in a nursery tent. To be born on the same day as a zakru, as Tamu was, is considered a good omen.

    A Zeswa cliff mural from the quest . It is painted with a pigment representing each of the four clans of the . A Zeswa cliff mural from the quest The Celebration Mural. It is painted with a pigment representing each of the four clans of the Western Frontier.

    The Zeswa drink zakru milk, which forms the basis of the clan's diet. Zakru milk can be consumed on its own, but the clan makes it into a variety of foods. Zakru cheese is a popular dish, as is zangke, a fermented drink made with zakru milk and fiery herbs. Dairy crafters such as Kìn and Akoray are greatly respected within the clan.

    Zakru milk is used not only as food, but as a base for paints as well. Various pigments are ground and mixed with the milk, which creates paint used for body decoration, for decorating the zakru, and for cliff murals. The murals themselves have many purposes. Some function as signal paths, while others celebrate legends or important moments in the life of the clan.

    Zakru wool is woven into tents and garments.

    The Burden Carrier: Due to the clan's nomadic nature and need to follow the zakru, the Zeswa have developed a philosophy centered around traveling light, without unnecessary burdens.

    When the clan has accumulated too many items to take along on the next migration, a clan member earns the role of burden carrier (Na'vi name: txoa hena) through a competition.[5] The burden carrier then takes the excess weight away with them and lives in exile for a time.

    Sosul was the last burden carrier for the clan, and he settled among the bones of the zakru graveyard until the Sarentu urged him to return home.

    Dusk Riders: As revealed in the note on the topic, Zeswa who are near death sometimes choose to leave the clan and enter a form of self-exile. Prior to this journey, the Na'vi connects to Eywa one final time, and then disappears into the wilderness, never to return. Na'vi who choose this end to their life are known as 'dusk riders' and are remembered as legendary heroes.

    Yarun is one example of a Zeswa dusk rider.

    According to background chatter able to be heard in Zeswa camps, dusk riders do not actually exist. They are instead a metaphor for death. The Zeswa who elect to take the path of a dusk rider choose to do so in order not to burden their loved ones with their passing. Saying that someone "went seeking the riders" is an easier to accept, gentler way to say that someone has passed away.

    History: Historically, the Zeswa have hosted the Games, a gathering to foster friendly competitions between the clans of the Western Frontier. The events involve feats of strength, archery, and direhorse riding, to name a few. The spirit of The Games appears similar to the Olympics, on Earth. Their ancestral homeland is the Heart of the Plains.

    After the disappearance of the Sarentu clan and the choice of the Kame'tire to seclude themselves, the Games ceased to be held.

    Frontiers of Pandora

    The Zeswa clan is introduced in the second act of the game during the quest The Wandering Clan.

    The player character meets Nesim and Minang, is introduced to Zeswa culture and tradition within their home encampment, and later helps the clan end the poaching of zakru and other wild animals led by Angela Harding.

    The Zeswa later choose to join the Resistance and aid the player character in the final battle against the RDA in the Western Frontier.

    From the Ashes: Jin-young MacKay mentions that after the Mangkwan attack they managed to warn the Zeswa of their presence here. The Zeswa are still in the Heart of the Plains fiercely protecting the Zakru as it also was a birthing ceremony taking place at the time.

    Trivia "Zeswa" means "grass" in the Na'vi language, likely referencing the clan's habitat in the grassy plains. Their full clan name, "Zeswa'Sopyu," means "grass traveller". While the clan is the second canonical clan with a female Olo’eykte — the first being the Tayrangi — it is the only clan in a canon Avatar source where the Olo’eykte and Tsahìk are siblings. Zeswa is the first known clan to have two female leaders.

37. #37Mangkwan Clan

    Keys: Ash People, Clan, Mangkwan

    The Mangkwan Clan, also known as the Ash People, is a Na'vi clan, led by Varang, who is considered both its Olo'eykte and Tsahìk. They live in an Ash Village that was destroyed during a volcanic eruption. The clan rejects Eywa and resents her. Members of the clan are violent raiders and hostile towards other Na'vi clans, such as the Tlalim and the Aranahe whom they attack. They act as pirates and pillage for resources.

    Following the Second Pandoran War, the Mangkwan joined forces with the Resources Development Administration to take down the Resistance and claim Pandora. They aim to dominate all other Na'vi clans and spread their fire across the whole moon.

    History: Background: The Mangkwan clan once lived in ways not much different from the Omatikaya. However, they had a history of hostility and were avoided and shunned by most Na'vi.

    There once was a gigantic hometree in the center of their village. However, a volcanic eruption had befallen them, turning their hometree into a charred stump and their village into a desolate place of ash. This incident horrifically killed many of their clan members, and they suffered brutal ends as people died from burning to death, experiencing great suffering.

    The Mangkwan prayed and begged Eywa for help, but she never came, and the clan began to wonder what the purpose was of honoring a deity and a force that was unable to save them from torment. Tragically, the Mangkwan were unable to understand that Eywa is a sentient consciousness around the biological system of Pandora and can only balance out life; she has no control of the whole moon and could not protect them from this catastrophe.

    Although the clan has struggled immensely and still has unresolved trauma due to their suffering, Varang, who was a little girl during the eruption, eventually pulled them out of their misery and saved many of them from succumbing to starvation, becoming a hero of her people. Regardless, they have a dark and hostile perspective on the world. As such, their survivors grew to resent nature and everything held dear by forest-based Na'vi, including Eywa.

    Following the attempt on Jake Sully's life during the First Blood ritual, Ateyo, Artsut, and their son Arvok were exiled from the Omatikaya clan. They set out on a journey in search of the Mangkwan clan, who could receive them despite their crimes. During a break in their journey, an argument broke out, as a result of which Arvok separated from his parents to go his own way instead of going with them. In turn, Ateyo and Artsut went on to the Mangkwan clan, though it is unknown if they found and were accepted into their ranks.

    When Peylak and the Tlalim clan are transferring Miles Socorro and Jake's family back to High Camp via airship, Varang and the Mangkwan attack them.

    Some time after, the clan stalks the Sully childen in a rainforest.

    At some point, Quaritch and Lyle Wainfleet arrive at the clan with RDA weapons. After Wainfleet snipes one of Varang's clan members, she compliments Quaritch for performing a decent trick against her. While Quaritch and Varang are alone, he offers to be her equal, and claims he can provide her with ultimate weaponry to dominate all the other Na'vi clans.

    Members of the Mangkwan clan form a coalition force with the RDA to attack the Aranahe clan in the Western Frontier. They destroy the clan's hometree and surrounding Kinglor Forest territory with a devastating fire attack before invading the area to attack the survivors.

    Culture: Very little was known about the Mangkwan lifestyle and traditions prior to the volcanic eruption. Even before that event, however, they already had a reputation for hostility and were largely avoided and shunned by most other Na’vi. Over time, they became conquerors and aerial pillagers, tormenting nearby villages for resources. They believe that power and might are the keys to survival, and they are willing to do anything to ensure their continued existence.

    The Mangkwan are depicted as a formidable force capable of launching massive raids on other large groups, such as the Tlalim clan or Wind Traders, and their flying ships. Their alliance with the RDA also bolsters their numbers tremendously through shared logistics, weapons, and transport.

    After rejecting Eywa, it is said that they began accepting outcast Na’vi who had murdered other Na’vi. Unlike most Na'vi clans that are strictly hereditary, the Mangkwan are known to welcome and recruit exiles and outcasts from across Pandora. Major Na'vi tribes range from several hundred to over a thousand members. The Mangkwan appear to be on the larger end of this spectrum, or even bigger, due to their aggressive expansionist nature and the diverse origins of their members.

    They cover themselves in grey and white ash, painting their bodies with red and black to symbolize what they see as their rejection of Eywa. Many members appear nearly bald, with shaved or thinning hairstyles, and are marked by piercings and other body modifications. The Mangkwan hunt using direhorses, which they decorate in the clan’s colors, and many other members have been seen flying nightwraiths.

    The Mangkwan are atypical among Na’vi clans in that, while most Na’vi revere the natural world, the Mangkwan are described as being openly disconnected from it. They show little respect for their mounted animals despite being bonded with them and do not care when they perish. This is taken to such an extent that they hardly care when their own clan members die, and some are even willing to sacrifice themselves.

    The clan does not follow the Great Balance or the Three Laws of Eywa. They openly cut down trees to spite Eywa and no longer feel guilt for doing so after turning away from her, and the harvested wood is used to build their yurts. The clan eagerly and has no qualms with wielding human weapons, not following the belief that touching metal poisons one's heart.

    They hold an extreme amount of resentment toward Eywa following the volcanic disaster. Many members of the clan came to the belief she is a tyrannical and selfish entity, unworthy of worship or respect. They also believe that by rejecting and actively opposing her, they have opened their eyes and become a far stronger clan. While their strength is undeniable, this mindset has caused the Mangkwan to adopt twisted, ruthless, and sadistic personalities.

    Fire lies at the center of their culture, effectively becoming a religion, and they view the element as a source of power and inspiration. Varang claims that fire is the only truly pure thing left in the world. A totem within their village stands as a symbol of their defiant independence.

    Cuisine: The Mangkwan eat more meat compared to other clans, since fruits spoil before they can be transported into their wasteland stronghold, and they lack the patience and soil for farming. Mangkwan hunt and kill their food as individuals, only sharing with those who help in the killing of the animal.

38. #38Lifeformsselective

    Keys: Creatures, Animals, fauna, Lifeforms · Secondary: viperwolves, leonopteryx, mountain banshee, Na'vi, titanotheres, thanator, Pandora, direhorse

    There are not animals or palnts like the ones found on Earth on Pandora. Instead the only animals that should be mentioned are the following:

    Direhorse: the equivalent of a horse and the highest domesticated animal in Pandora. Thanator: the apex land predator of the. Even the Na'vi, who are renowned for their courage and skills in hunting, are shaken by the approach of the creature even though few are able to make tsahelu and ride them.

    Viperwolf: a land predator that are hunting in groups.

    Hammerhead titanothe: a giant herbivore yet aggressive creature.

    Mountain Banshees: large, dragon-like aerial predators that can be riden by na'vi.

    Forest Banshees: they are like mountain banshees, except significally maller than the mountain banshees.

    The Great Leonopteryx: large, is an even larger dragon-like aerial predator, the apex predator of the whole jungle. Its name in Na'vi means the last shadow for it is the last shadow you'll ever see.

    Hexapedes: small deer-like herbivore creatures, a common pray for predators and na'vi.

    Strumbeast: larger hormed herbivore creatures, found in packs, larger than direhorses but smaller tham hammerheads.

    Overview: Due to Pandora's lower gravity, most creatures on Pandora are hexapods (six-legged), although the Na'vi resemble humans and have only four limbs. Creatures roam the air and forest canopy below, similar to Earth's animals, but on a scale several times larger. One of the most domesticated creatures on Pandora is the direhorse, a gray-skinned, hexapodal herbivorous animal with bioluminescent qualities that the Na'vi ride when hunting, similar to the human usage of horses. The Na'vi also ride the mountain banshee to hunt from the air, but the hunter can become prey in the presence of the great leonopteryx. In the canopy below, other deadly yet exotic wild animals roam: vicious packs of viperwolves, thick skinned hammerhead titanotheres and the most fearsome predatory animal of all, the thanator.

39. #39Plantsselective

    Keys: Plants, flora · Secondary: trees, Na'vi, pandora

    Overview: Other than the richness of varying colors, the trees resemble those of Earth. They have the familiar trunks, branches and leaves, though due to the difference in gravity, many of the shapes appear strange to humans and the proportions are greater because of the lower gravity. The trees and plant life of Pandora have formed electrochemical connections between their roots and effectively act as neurons, creating a moon-wide "brain" that has achieved sentience, which is known to the Na'vi as Eywa. Pandora's wildlife also has bioluminescent qualities. Pandora looks like a lush paradise by Earth standards during the day, but at night, virtually all life on the moon exhibits bioluminescent qualities in various shades of blue, purple and green. This possibly explains the Na'vi's blue skin color, which most likely provides them better camouflage at night on Pandora.

40. #40Atmosphereselective

    Keys: Atmosphere · Secondary: humans

    Overview: Pandora's atmosphere is a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide (>18%), xenon (>5.5%), methane, and hydrogen sulfide (>1%) and is about 20% denser than the atmosphere on Earth primarily due to the high percentage of Xenon; a heavy, colourless, odourless, and generally unreactive noble gas. The high concentration of carbon dioxide in the Pandoran atmosphere makes it extremely unbreathable for humans, rendering them unconscious in about 20 seconds and causing death in about 4 minutes when they venture out unprotected by specialized breathing masks. The hydrogen sulfide present is also quite hazardous; concentrations over 1000 ppm (0.1 %) can cause immediate collapse with subsequent loss of breathing, even after inhalation of a single breath. For Pandoran's the atmosphere is not a problem, since its their living standard.

41. #41Day-Night Cycleselective

    Keys: Day-Night Cycle

    Pandora receives significant light from Alpha Centauri B (ACB). As a result, Pandoran nights are never dark during half of the Polyphemian year, but instead are more like Earthly dusk. At the closest point in its orbit, ACB is about 2,300 times as bright as Earth's full moon; at its furthest point, it is still one hundred and seventy times as bright. During the other half of the year when ACB is in the daytime sky, many Pandoran nights are illuminated by both Polyphemus's huge disk and the reflected light from other nearby moons. Truly dark nights are uncommon. Polyphemus occasionally eclipses ACB at night for about one hundred minutes, but the light reflected by the planet still keeps the night from being dark.

42. #42Surface Featuresselective

    Keys: Surface Features, Volcanos · Secondary: geysers, hot springs, Pandora

    Pandora's land-to-water ratio is greater than Earth's, but because the land area is broken up into a larger number of smaller continents, no land area is as far from the ocean as on Earth. The moderating influence of oceans reduces extremes in temperature. Pandora is more volcanically active than Earth. There are vents both on the land and under the oceans. Many of the mountains and other surface features are of recent volcanic origin. Numerous hot springs and geysers dot the landscape, and there are several rivers that are almost boiling at the place where they erupt from underground aquifers. All of these serve to maintain the local concentrations of hydrogen sulfide gas deadly to humans.

43. #43Geographyselective

    Keys: Geography · Secondary: desert, mountains, volcanoes, Omatikaya clan, ocean, forests, pandora, plains

    The terrain on Pandora differs somewhat from place to place, as do the Na'vi clans that inhabit them. The humans have settled in the forest region which is home to the Omatikaya clan. There are different ecosystems within each region, and many species such as the mountain banshee are present over a much wider range of biomes than their name would suggest. The Pandoran surface features forests, mountains, volcanoes, plains (savanna), and oceans. A desert also exists in Anurai mythology. Like on Earth, the forests of Pandora contain a wide diversity of flora and fauna. These are all part of the giant neural network that covers Pandora. The forests are full of bioluminescent life that glows in shades of blue, green, indigo and violet during the night.

44. #44Natural Resourcesselective

    Keys: Natural Resources · Secondary: Unobtanium

    Pandora is a treasure trove of both living and nonliving natural resources. It is the first celestial body to host intelligent sentient lifeforms away from Earth and is also home to a plethora of diverse and spectacular species unlike anything ever speculated by humanity. In terms of nonliving resources, several large areas of the moon's surface contain the extremely rare superconducting mineral unobtanium. This mineral is worth twenty million standard dollars per unrefined kilogram and twice that in its refined state. The mineral's superconductivity makes it a baffling scientific discovery.

45. #45Thanator

    Keys: Thanator

    Species Information: Taxonomy: Bestiapanthera ferox - fierce panther beast Thanatora ferox - fierce thanator Na'vi name: Palulukan Habitat: Forests (e.g. Kinglor Forest) Physical Information: Height: 2.5 meters (8.2 ft) Length: >5.6 meters (18 ft) Width: Around 1.14m (3.8ft) Skin color: Black and purple Eye color: Green

    The thanator (Na'vi name: palulukan), also called the "dry mouth bringer of fear" to the Na'vi, is a carnivorous hexapedal animal native to the forests of Pandora. Although many regions of the moon have yet to be explored, xenobiologists currently believe that it may be the apex land predator on Pandora. Reminiscent of a Terran large felines, or the extinct inostrancevia, this enormous, powerful and ferocious animal is unique in its ability to lord over its territory and strike fear into other largest and fiercest of Pandora's terrestrial carnivores. Even the Na'vi, who are renowned for their courage and skills in hunting, are shaken by the approach of the creature.

    Anatomy: A lean and agile feline-like creature, the thanator's musculature is pronounced and impressive, providing power for protracted runs and leaps. The speed of its neck and jaw strike is swift. In addition to conventional ripping and tearing, the thanator can also deliver a lethal blow from its thin armored tail. An impact from the tail is strong enough to defend against other thanators. The creature's senses are so highly developed that, depending on atmospheric conditions, it can detect prey up to thirteen kilometers away.

    The thanator has ten sensory quills that sprout from sections of armor plating that encircle the rear of its skull. The function of the quills is still a mystery, but it has been hypothesized that they may be tied to an internal mechanism of prey location; possibly echolocation or another sensory pinpointing system. The quills also flare up and produce a more menacing appearance. The plates themselves are cartilaginous in nature.

    It also has an armored neck and back, a massive distensible jaw, and twenty-three centimeter long sharp teeth. The thanator has burnished black skin. Its ten external sensory quills are colored bright red and yellow. The upper lip folds back for maximum tooth extension. The Na'vi, who are around 9 to 10 feet (approx. 3 meters) tall, could ride on the back of one of these beasts, making the thanator approximately 20 feet (6 meters) long.

    It has six long legs, and two sets of opercula on each side of its neck. When sensing for prey or for threats it can raise its front body and two front legs, standing on its four back limbs as it sniffs the air.

    Given its anatomy, it is likely that thanator is evolutionary relative to the viperwolf.

    Behavior: The thanator appears to be a solitary hunter and normally does not stray outside of its territorial range, which is believed to be roughly 300 square kilometers (116 square miles). It appears to hunt mainly at night, although it seems to make exceptions if hungry enough.

    Habitat The thanator mainly inhabits the jungle floor, though similar species have been observed in subarctic regions.

    In Na'vi Culture: The Anurai Clan paid great respect to the thanator, and considered it their totem animal. The clan partook in the ritualistic construction of totems to teach unity and trust among its members,[3] and some would even attempt to tame a thanator as a rite of passage.[4]

    RDA activities (Feral Project) The Resources Development Administration is known to experiment on thanators. They had a project known as the Feral Project in an attempt to train animals to be vicious killers that could be controlled. They had traumatic surgeries performed on them. Their kuru, their sensitive neural whips, were forcefully removed. This has resulted in them exhibiting erratic behavior, not only severing their connection to Eywa but also with other animals.

    Jake Sully, on his first field mission on Pandora as an avatar, was chased through the forest by a thanator, just as the creature scared off a herd of Hammerhead Titanotheres who were territorially threatening him. Jake narrowly escaped from the predator by jumping down a waterfall.

    Neytiri managed to bond with a thanator after her banshee mount, Seze, was killed during the great battle between the RDA's SecOps and the Na'vi alliance. The Thanator, rather than attacking her, offered itself as her new mount to fight Colonel Quaritch while he drove his AMP suit. Although the thanator stomped and destroyed the AMP suit's gun, Quaritch eventually stabbed it to death with his AMP suit knife, leaving Neytiri trapped under its corpse. Quaritch, yanking his AMP knife from the beast's body, prepared to kill her but stopped when Jake intervened. She was later able to free herself and fatally shot Quaritch with two of her arrows.

    A thanator was shown fleeing during the RDA's return to Pandora in 2168. It is shown getting burned to death by the exhaust flares of the ISV Manifest Destiny.

    Trivia: The old Pandorapedia suggested thanators have a subspecies or cousins in subarctic regions. The thanators bear resemblance to the Wampus cat in Native American folklore, for they both of them are fast and powerful predators that resemble six-legged felines.

46. #46Ikran

    Keys: Moutain Banshee, Ikran, Banshee

    Mountain banshees (Na'vi name: ikran) are large, dragon-like aerial predators that are native to Pandora. They can be found roosting on the various cliff sides on the Hallelujah Mountains. Use by the Na'vi Many Na'vi clans utilize the mountain banshee in numerous ways. They use them for traveling long distances, for hunting from the air, or even during times of war (as seen during the Pandoran War). Na'vi have been taming banshees for thousands of years. In Na'vi Culture Bonding with a banshee and becoming an Ikran Makto is a dangerous and required rite of passage for Na'vi warriors in some clans, including the Omatikaya. Like the direhorse, a Na'vi can connect to a banshee through a neural interface that allows animal and rider to move with apparent effortlessness through the skies. The first ikran makto was Taronyu, a Na'vi of the Kekunan Clan. After eight days studying an individual banshee, he was able to bond it and name it Rotalyu[1]. Unlike the direhorse, however, the banshee will only bond with one Na'vi in its lifetime. A rider can bond with a new banshee should the previous one die, as was the case after Neytiri's first mount Seze was killed during the Assault on the Tree of Souls; it remains unknown whether the same applies to a banshee that has lost its rider. Catch In Na'vi culture, taming a banshee is a test every young hunter has to pass. The mountain banshee rookery is high in the Hallelujah Mountains. The largest rookery, which features the largest specimens (and therefore the best to tame for riding), is in grottoes and outcrops on the sheer cliff faces of Mons Veritatis, one of the largest of the floating mountains. It is here that the Na'vi come to select (and be selected by) a banshee for domestication. The bonded mountain banshees nest in the highest branches of Hometree, where they can be close at hand for their Na'vi rider. Omatikaya Clan In the case of the Omatikaya clan, when a Na'vi is ready to tame their own banshee, most of the time accompanied by other hunters, they go on a hike to the Hallelujah Mountains, which takes them directly to the banshee's colony. The journey itself is an ordeal, during which you have to climb, balance and jump, always careful not to fall from a great height. Once they reach the colony, they must choose their own banshee. The Na'vi believe that the banshee itself also chooses a warrior. While most banshees simply fly away, the one who has made its choice manifests it by first showing aggression and then trying to throw the warrior off or just kill them at all costs. If both coincide, the hunter must connect their neural queue with that of the animal and thus perform the Tsaheylu. Since this is rarely done peacefully, it is sometimes necessary to immobilize the banshee. Wrapping a Banshee Catcher around its mouth can simplify the task. Once the bond is formed, the rider and their banshee take their first flight together, sealing and solidifying their bond. Tayrangi Clan The Tayrangi Clan, also known as the Ikran People of the East Sea, placed the nightmare of the mountain at the center of their culture. They are their totem animal, and each member of the clan has fraternized with their own ikran. Riding banshees is their specialty, that is, fishing, for which they dive on the back of their ikran into the depths of the sea. Kekunan Clan The Kekunan Clan is the second of two known clans that specialize in banshee riding; their riding skills are said to be the most advanced of all the clans. Kekunan is known for his signature banshee toys, which are brightly colored and whose main purpose is to familiarize Na'vi children with the prospect of taming the banshee and then fraternizing with it. Also, the first banshee rider comes from this clan. Tipani Clan Canonicity Notice The contents of this section are non-canon to the Avatar franchise. The Tipani practice customs similar to that of the Omatikaya, and it is the duty of each member of the clan to fraternize with the ikrans. Their Iknimaya ritual, however, takes place in the region of the same name, and the banshees they tame nest in a place called Ayawa Ikran. Biology Though reptilian in appearance, the banshee has a bird-like metabolism which generates tremendous heat. The banshee has a complex cooling system to keep it from overheating during strenuous flying. The respiratory system is vital to this cooling. The air inlets, or spiracles, face forward at the front of the chest cavity much like the air intakes of a modern fighter jet. Induction of air is controlled by a cartilaginous operculum, or flap-valve. The banshee lung is a bellows-like structure, inflated by rib movement, but unlike the lungs of terrestrial animals, it has unidirectional flow, venting aft through gill-like slits. Seze(g).Hometree.screencap Neytiri pets Seze, her ikran The banshee has two primary eyes which see in full color in roughly the same spectrum as human vision. Aft of the primary eyes are smaller secondary eyes, which can move independently or together with the primaries. They see in near infrared, for night hunting. Additionally, these secondary eyes are also highly sensitive to motion, and act as an early warning system against attack from the rear. All four eyes are protected by lids and by transparent nictitating membranes, much like an eagle's eye. Forward of the primary eyes are lines of sensor pits. These are thought to provide airflow information in flight, like a pitot tube on an airplane. Another hypothesis is that they are sensitive to sound, and have a role in echolocation. It is advised to never look directly into other's ikran's eyes, which most likely causes the ikran to feel threatened and thus make it prone to aggression. Like many of Pandora's creatures, the banshee also has a remarkably strong cell structure. This structure, which is a biologically produced carbon-fiber, makes their bones much lighter and stronger than any organic Terran equivalent. This in turn allows them to generate more power and lift with every flap, power which is necessary in the dense atmosphere of Pandora. The biochemistry of their muscle tissue allows them to generate nearly twice the force per pound of muscle as terrestrial flying animals such as bats and birds. This, again, generates tremendous metabolic heat. The hollow bones are connected to the bellows-like lung, and cooling air moves through the long bones of the fore and aft wings. The mountain banshee (like its smaller cousin, the forest banshee) is highly adapted for flight. Specially developed muscles attached to the breastbone allow for the powerful strokes needed to achieve lift. Xenobiologists continue to study the aerodynamics of the banshee. It is believed that all of Pandora's flying animals take advantage of gravity that is lower than Earth's and the increased air density, (which requires more force to displace with the downward/rearward stroke of their wings, and thus gives the animal's body more impetus with each flap). The downside is that the denser air is harder to move through, and requires highly-efficient streamlining to achieve high flight speeds. Unlike most other creatures in Pandora they have only four limbs, all of which are modified into wings (unlike their cousin the great leonopteryx) which might suggest a life mainly in flight, only landing to feed their young. It also suggests that prey will be smaller airborne creatures or possibly creatures perched high in the trees as they could not grab on to something while in flight, as seen in Earth eagles (and the Great Leonopteryx). The wings have a claw or finger that is used to cling on to cliffs and to "walk" on flat ground, using the talons on both front and hind wings to clamber along similar to an Earth bat. All in all, they are not as agile on the ground as in the air. Their leathery skin has a wide range of complex color schemes. Some banshees have been seen which display only two colors. Since the color concentration is mainly on the back of the animals, it is assumed that the colors are for mating display. Both male and females display these complex patterns of colors. All flying animals on Pandora, including banshees, are thought to have evolved from sea creatures because of their fish-like jaw structures. Despite their nature as flying creatures, banshees are fully capable of diving and swimming effectively underwater. The wings of a banshee are shaped like a mixture of Terran bird and bat wings. The arm ends with four "fingers" with membranes and a thumb forming a claw like a bat. The first three fingers, however, are separate from the main membrane and from the fore-wings. Each large fore-wing has three primary vanes at its tip. These form like the wings of a dragonfly, by the extrusion of a resin into the veins of a flexible membrane, which unfurls, then cures in the sun into a rigid transparent vane. These vanes are replaced through molting. The vanes function similarly to the feather structures of Terran birds. They are designed to let air pass between them easily for upstrokes and partially overlap to block the air and provide a greater upstroke for downstrokes. The partially overlapping wing design possibly serves to increase the buoyancy in still flight. They are also quite robust structures designed to fold inward if the wingtips hit tree limbs or other obstacles. The banshee also has a deep flight keel protruding from the chest between the fore-wings. This keel acts as both a stabilizer, by virtue of its mass, and as an anchor, allowing the flight muscles to generate additional leverage by anchoring them further from the tip. The smaller hind wing, or horizontal stabilizers, play a dual role in banshee flight. In level flight, when large amounts of power are not required, the creature propels itself with the fore-wing and uses the "stabs" as a tail-plane, for altitude control. When more lift is needed, for take-off and climbing, or escape from an aerial predator such as the leonopteryx, the "stabs" becomes additional wings, flapping to provide propulsion. The stabs are capable of coordinated and uncoordinated operations. This provides both elevation and roll control to the creature just like 21st century fighter aircraft. The stabs are also formed from its hind legs – due to their almost entirely airborne life, the rear limbs have evolved to a more useful role. The steering vane under the banshee’s lower jaw and the feather-like fan at the tip of the tail provide additional turning authority for high performance aerobatics. The banshee is highly maneuverable and can dive at speeds close to 140 knots. Communication: The banshees are social animals, and communicate frequently, generating quite a din at rookeries and other communal areas. Banshees were so named because of their piercing signature cry. This is only one of the banshee's many vocalizations and is thought to be a distant call defining territory. Other vocalizations include a warning hiss, which is part of an overall threat display posture, and a short sharp shriek which denotes stress or fear. There are also warning sounds, and other stress vocalizations, as well as more guttural vocalizations associated with social grooming and contentment. The banshee emits sound from its head, using the open mouth to focus the direction. However, it does not have a trachea in its neck, since it breathes directly into the chest cavity. It has instead, a tube running from the lungs up into the head which pumps air through the vocal organ, the syrinx. Chambers in the head amplify the sound before it is emitted into the mouth cavity for directional aiming. Some banshee vocalizations are emitted directly from the resonating cavity, when the mouth is closed.

47. #47The great leonopteryx

    Keys: The great leonopteryx, great beast, Toruk

    The great leonopteryx (Na'vi name: toruk meaning "last shadow") is a species of large flying animal native to Pandora, and is the apex aerial predator of the Pandoran sky. Scientifically, it is known as Leonopteryx rex – "winged king lion" (leon- from the Greek word λέων, meaning "lion"; -pteryx from Greek word πτέρυξ, meaning "wing"; and the Latin word rex, meaning "king"). The fierce magnificence and formidable stature of the great leonopteryx gave the species a central place in Na'vi lore and culture. It is celebrated in dance, song, and with elaborate totems that symbolize both the fear and respect given to the creature. Indeed, the great leonopteryx is crucial to the Na'vi's sense of destiny and interconnectedness. This creature's name in Na'vi translates roughly to "last shadow", as its preferred method of attack is from above, with its shadow being the last thing its victim sees (and once they do it is already too late). The great leonopteryx is hypercarnivorous, feeding on mainly mountain and forest banshees, and occasionally on medusae. Under the rainforest canopy, the great leonopteryx will sometimes feed on ground animals such as hexapedes. It is a solitary creature and has no known natural enemies. Anatomy: The great leonopteryx is closely related to the banshee, with many similarities and differences. The great leonopteryx is primarily colored red and yellow, with black stripes and blue crests on the top of the head and under its lower jaw, though the crests can be albinistic or green. The crest on its head is razor sharp and can be used to injure or disembowel prey, or cut vegetation obstructing flight. The great leonopteryx also has a large brain cavity, flexible, membranous wings stretched taut over a carbon fiber bone structure, powerful talons for grasping prey and perching, twin tails for flight control, flow-through ventilation for high performance, and large hooked claws. The great leonopteryx has powerful jaws which can open at a wide angle, capable of cleaving a mountain banshee in half. Despite their superior binocular vision, they are unable to see directly above them, most likely due to the protective brow ridges above their eyes. Being the apex aerial predator of Pandora, this is not a problem for the great leonopteryx, as it has no need to watch for attackers. However, this weakness is exploited by Jake Sully, who jumps from his banshee from above the unaware great leonopteryx and tames it through tsaheylu. The wingspan of the great leonopteryx is more than 25 meters (75–80 ft.). It can even exceed 30 meters. Its wings are composed of individual finned members that can separate to act as a slotted airfoil, or overlap and seal to form a solid surface. When separated, they can rotate individually to induce or retard vortex formation. These finned members are not unlike the primary feathers of many terran birds. The fiber composite bones help the animal to achieve flight through the dense Pandoran atmosphere, as with other flying animals of Pandora. Unlike its smaller cousins, the banshees, it retains all six limbs, with its middle pair of legs serving as the "stabs" and its rearmost pair have taloned feet which are used for grabbing prey while diving or to provide a stronger kick while taking off. The great leonopteryx has four large yellow eyes with black pupils. The two main eyes are in the front of the skull, and the two others are located near the rectangular antenna bases. Due to its size, the great leonopteryx would not be a dense jungle hunter like banshees, but would have very little trouble on the plains or near cliffs or mountains, where it could feed on mid-sized animals or banshees. It also has what appear to be two rather short tails. These may simply be extensions of the rear fins. The function of these is unclear, it may be to increase agility or perhaps play a role in display. Habitat, Mating and Encounters: The great leonopteryx are difficult to locate. This fact is exacerbated by the associated risk with trying to locate the resting place of such a massive, dangerous animal. However, some have been sighted in the Hallelujah Mountains. Members of the species mate for life and breed once every two years. Primarily, the great leonopteryx travels alone and occasionally in pairs. However, unlike the mountain banshee, they have never been observed in a swarm, or any other forms of high concentration. They hatch from eggs; Seyvaro once told a story about a great leonopteryx eating a young Na'vi for stealing one. Although great leonopteryx are wary of encountering their own kind, it is documented that a team of avatars observed a battle between two great leonopteryx in the space of 3 hours. The battle ended when both fell to the forest floor from their mortal wounds and were believed to have been dispatched by a large pack of viperwolves. Jake Sully about to land on a Leonopteryx In Na'vi culture, those who are successful in making tsaheylu with the great leonopteryx are given the title of Toruk Makto, which translates as "Rider of Last Shadow". Toruk Makto is, to the Na'vi, a mythical hero who leads the people to victory during times of great sorrow. Neytiri tells Jake that all Na'vi know the story of Toruk Makto, which would explain why the clan is instantly reverent of Jake when he returns to the Omatikaya clan, bonded to a great leonopteryx. At the time of Jake Sully's introduction to the Omatikaya, no Na'vi had accomplished this for four generations and only five have managed that feat since the time of the First Songs. Jake becomes the sixth person to bond with the creature, which re-earns him the respect and trust of the Omatikaya clan, who had previously viewed him as a traitor. As Toruk Makto, he leads the Na'vi into battle against the RDA and, after a fierce fight with many losses on both sides, the Na'vi emerge victorious. After banishing the humans from Pandora, Jake releases the leonopteryx back into the wild, as the mythical Toruk Makto was no longer needed.

48. #48Forest Banshee

    Keys: Forest Banshee, ikranay

    The forest banshee (Na'vi name: ikranay) is a bird-like, aerial creature native to Pandora. It is the smaller cousin of the mountain banshee. Its natural habitat is the upper and lower canopies of the rainforest, as well as rookeries that are located on cliffs and mesas of the mountainous regions of Pandora. The forest banshee has obsidian-like teeth, a total of four wings (two aft), and bones comprised of biologically produced carbon fiber composite. The forest banshee is an aerial carnivorous predator, usually feeding on smaller rainforest creatures such as the stingbat and the prolemuris. The forest banshee, although smaller than the mountain banshee and lacking the size required to support a Na'vi rider, is still a feared predator. Forest banshees usually hunt alone, but can migrate in large flocks spread out in a wide, loose pattern. Reasoning for this behavior is not readily understood. Like a Terran reef shark, the forest banshee may size up potential large prey, but will seldom attack anything close to its size, as it prefers smaller forest animals. A banshee will make an exception in order to defend itself, or when it finds large prey in distress. Furthermore, like Terran reef sharks, forest banshees will congregate to feed and, if necessary, will fight one another for their portion of food. The creature shares the same basic anatomical advantages as the mountain banshee: strong carbon fiber bones, specialized flight muscles and a stiff torso to support its wings. It can also make subtle adjustments to its flight altitude and speed with an articulated tail tip that can flare or remain tucked to decrease aerodynamic resistance.

49. #49Ilu

    Keys: Ilu

    Species Information Taxonomy: "Deltaptera nessiformes sirenides" ("triangle-wing Nessie-shaped") Na'vi name: Ilu Lifespan: 55-60 years Habitat: Oceans Physical Information: Length: 2 - 15 m (6.5 - 50 ft) Averaging 7 m (23 ft) Skin color: Black top with colorful splotches and white underbelly Eye color: Orange

    The ilu, also known to humans as jiaolong or sirens, is a large plesiosaur-like sea creature that is the direhorse of the Pandoran oceans, fulfilling a biological role similar to that of a Terran dolphin or pinniped.

    Anatomy and Behavior:

    The ilu is a sleek and lithe aquatic reptilian specimen with a long flexible neck, six flippers and rudder-like tail, closely resembling Earth's extinct plesiosaurs. It possesses four eyes and two queues, antennae-like neural whips extending from its temples. It is most observed with dark coloration on its upper body splotched with colorful markings and a white underbelly. Despite living underwater, the ilu breathes air, similar to Terran dolphins and whales. The ilu has special echolocation organs which it uses for communication.[3] Its top speed is 32 knots (37 mph/60kph). Ilu eat fish, such as the glider fin.

    Use by the Na'vi:

    The ilu is intelligent, sociable, and easily domesticated. It serves as mount for the reef clans, including the Metkayina and Ta'unui, just as direhorses serve the Na'vi clans of the forests and plains. They are as common in the ocean as ikran are in the sky and can be found in groups near the settlements of oceanic Na'vi clans. Unlike ikran, ilu do not form lifelong bonds with a particular Na’vi. If an ilu has been familiarized with the concept of tsaheylu, any rider can mount that ilu.

50. #50Skimwing

    Keys: Skimwing, Tsurak

    Species Information: Taxonomy: Ichthyopterix volans (flying fish-wing) Na'vi name: Tsurak Lifespan: 20 years Habitat: Eastern Sea Physical Information: Length: 48 feet (14.6 meters) Skin color: Grey and orange

    Anatomy:

    The skimwing is large, able to comfortably fit a fully grown Na'vi on its back. Its skin is blue-grey and its large fins, which partially elevate it out of the water like a Terran flying fish, are orange with dark markings.[3] Its head also resembes that of a Terran gharial. Although Pandora's low gravity and high air density allows the skimwing to use its wings to fly in ground effect above the water, its tail remains in the water to propel it forward. With its powerful tail, the skimwing can travel at up to 50 knots (58 mph / 92 kph) and maintain a cruise speed of 35 knots (40 mph / 65 kph) for hours.

    The skimwing and the ikran share a common evolutionary ancestor. Unlike whales or dolphins, skimwings cannot drown. They breathe using their gills while underwater, but inhale air through two nostrils located on top of their heads during flight. They mostly feed on fish and small aerial creatures.

    In Na'vi Culture:

    The Metkayina clan and other reef clans use the skimwing for hunting larger prey at the surface or to dive deeper. Riding a skimwing is also part of the clan's Iknimaya.

    It is also used as a mount during combat. Only the most skilled Metkayina hunters may tame a skimwing; they are temperamental and take a long time to form a loyal bond with their rider. Jake Sully learned to ride one after moving to the Metkayina clan.

    Skimwings took part in the Skirmish at the Three Brothers and the Battle at the Cove of the Ancestors. During the latter, Jake rode a skimwing that he summoned after Recom Quaritch rather than Bob or toruk.

    After getting a queue, Spider expressed an interest in riding a skimwing, something that Kiri teased him for.

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