Medieval Armor

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1. #1Armor components

   Keys: chainmail coif, poleyn, arming cap, Helmet, brigadine, sabaton, gorget, culet, breastplate, tasset, spaulder, cuisse, vambrace, gusset, fauld, gauntlet, cuirass, cuisse+, hauberk, chausse, pauldron, aventail, arming doublet, haubergeon, jack, greave

   Helmet or Helm: Provides some protection to the head, and if equipped with a visor, face protection.

   Gorget: Made of plate or mail and were worn under the breastplate. They cover the neck and sometimes extend to the upper chest.

   Pauldron: Typically made of steel or iron and were designed to cover the shoulder joint, upper arm, and obscure the armpit. secured in place with leather straps or buckles. Spaulder: made of metal, provide protection to the upper arms and shoulders. Secured in place with leather straps or buckles, and were often worn in conjunction with other pieces of armor such as pauldrons and vambraces.

   Gusset: used in conjunction with plate armor in areas where the user needed to be more flexible, such as the joints or other areas where there was a lot of movement like the armpit, groin, etc... used from the groin to the armpit.

   Vambrace: Made of metal, such as steel, iron or heavy leather, and is designed to fit snugly around the forearm.

   Gauntlet: Made of metal and used in conjunction with leather gloves, provides protection for the top and sides of the wrist and hand.

   Breastplate: Made of metal, designed to fit snugly around the chest and abdomen.

   Cuirass: Composed of a breastplate and a backplate, fitting snugly around chest, abdomen, and back.

   Fauld: Worn below a breastplate to protect the waist and hips, consist of overlapping horizontal lames of metal, articulated for flexibility, that form an apron-like skirt in front.

   Poleyn: Made of metal and protected the knee, typically attached to the rest of the leg armor using leather straps or metal buckles. They can also be attached to the wearer's clothing or cuisses using laces or cords.

   Greave: Typically made of metal, such as steel or iron, and designed to fit over the lower leg from the ankle to the knee.

   Sabaton: Metal plates riveted together to protect the feet.

   Mail coif: Made by linking thousands of small metal rings together, forming a mesh that covered the entire head and neck. The rings are often made of iron or steel and were carefully woven together to create a strong, flexible fabric that could withstand the impact of weapons. Always worn in conjunction with an Arming Cap.

   Arming cap: Padded cap that was worn underneath a helmet or other type of headgear during the medieval period. It is typically made from layers of quilted fabric and was designed to provide additional comfort and protection to the wearer.

   Arming doublet: Made of stout fabrics, reinforced in key stress points and lined in linen. Worn underneath armor and has eyelets along the shoulders, arms, and hips where armor is attached using laces or cords.

   Tasset: Designed to protect the upper thighs. They take the form of separate plates hanging from the breastplate or faulds.

   Culet: A piece of plate armor consisting of small, horizontal lames that protect the small of the back or the buttocks.

   Aventail: A flexible curtain of mail attached to the skull of a helmet that extends to cover at least the neck, but often also the throat and shoulders. Part or all of the face, with spaces to allow vision, can also be covered. Some feature a ventail (a mail flap next to the mouth) which can be folded over the bottom face.

   Cuisse: Worn on the thighs, made of a metal plate and protects the front of the thigh.

   Cuisse+: Worn on the thighs, made of a metal plate and encapsulates the entire thigh

   Padded cuisse: Made in a similar way to a gambeson, worn over chausses.

   Chausse: Made of mail, generally extended well-above the knee, covering most of the leg.

2. #2Armor types

   Keys: Haubergeon, Splinted armor, Plated mail, Hauberk, Scale armor, Mail armor, Boiled Leather armor, Laminar armor, Brigandine, Plate armor, Gambeson, Jack of plate, Ring armor, Lamellar armor

   Boiled Leather armor – Made from thick leather that is boiled in oils, waxes and other ingredients. Because boiled leather is brittle, leather wis usually cut in smaller pieces and then stitched together for scale or lameral armors. Brigandine armor – Brigandine body armor was made from hard cloth (usually canvas or leather) with starched steel plates that were riveted to the inside of the fabric so that from outside only leather is visible. Gambeson – Layered or padded canvas armor that was used as body protection both as standalone piece or a base for wearing mail or plate armor. Armors were up to 30 or more layers thick or padded with scrap cloth, horse hair or other components. Hauberk – Very finely made shirt made from thin interloping rings of metal that could be worn just as a metal shirt, or interwoven into ordinary shirt or tunic. Had full length sleeves and extends down to the knees. Haubergeon – Very finely made shirt made from thin interloping rings of metal that could be worn just as a metal shirt, or interwoven into ordinary shirt or tunic. Had short sleeves and extends halfway down the thighs. Jack of plate – Very similar as Brigandine that combined small metal plates inside layers of leather shirt, but with this armor, pieces were sown and not riveted. Lamellar armor – Armor made from laced pieces of hard leather, iron or bronze plates. Laminar armor (or Lorica sementata) – It is composed from several segmented metal strips that were held together with leather strips. They were only used to protect chest, back, shoulders and sometimes hands. Mail armor – Very popular type of armor made from interlocking metal rings that formed tightly woven mesh. Plated mail (or Splinted mail) – Armor made from small plates that were interwoven with metal wires. Ring armor – armor that used rings that were stitched to the leather or to themselves, but they were not interwoven one with another to form dense mesh. Scale armor – Armor that imitated scales of reptiles by using small metal pieces made from various types of metal that were sown or laced one to another into overlapping rows. Splinted armor – Made from long strips of metal that were sown or laced together. This approach of armor making was mostly used for the creation of armor pieces that protects hands or legs. Plate armor – Armor made up of metal plates that provided superior protection against cuts and thrusts but was somewhat vulnerable to blunt force.

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