James Cameron: AVATAR

1. #1Na’vi Habitat and Range

   Keys: Na’vi population, Na’vi habitat, Na’vi range

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   Na’vi Habitat and Range: Although their population is highly concentrated in the jungle regions of Pandora, the Na’vi can also be found living in deserts, mesas, icy tundras, tropical reefs, wetlands, and mountainous regions. Some Na'vi clans, including the Omatikaya clan and Aranahe clan, live in tremendously large ancient trees they call Kelutral, or "Hometree". Others, like the Kame'tire, live in large, centralized villages and smaller encampments spread out over a large territory. The Na'vi prefer to sleep in large groups for physical closeness and comfort. This arrangement also acts as an effective early warning system in the event of danger. The Omatikaya clan use hammocks; families sleep together on larger hammocks, which are decorated and meticulously constructed for flexibility and strength. Hammocks are made in a variety of sizes, some for individuals, some for couples, and others for families.

2. #2Na’vi Language

   Keys: Na’vi Language, alien language, language

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   Na’vi Language: The Na'vi language is almost entirely oral, likely because there is little for them to write when Eywa holds the memories of their ancestors, and they entrust other Na'vi to accurately deliver their messages to others. As such, they do not have a writing system, but they do use pictograms. The Na'vi speak a single unified language shared by their entire species, although they do have different dialects. The common Na'vi tongue has remained largely unchanged for thousands of years; although dialects of Na'vi exist, they are all unmistakably variants of the same root. Theories as to why the Na'vi language has remained so consistent vary and point to the Na'vi's oral storytelling traditions, their early domestication of flying mounts allowing them to travel quickly, and the Pandoran neural network, which allows clans to stay connected to one another across vast distances. Na'vi brain structure and memory is also proposed to play a part in this phenomenon. Beside oral language, body gestures are used to communicate. The Na'vi do not share typical human gestures. For example, they do not nod their head to mean "yes" and they do not shake their head to mean "no". Rather than a handshake, when Na'vi encounter or greet one another, they gesture with their hand from their forehead, extending one hand down toward the other. They marry this gesture with the phrase "oel ngati kameie" (I see you). When Na'vi feel as if they are going to communicate something important to other Na'vi, they have a tendency to take the listener's hand. Some clans have developed a sign language for underwater communication. Part of the clan's oral tradition is the songcord, a mnemonic device worn on the arm that aids in oral recounting. These intricately strung strings of beads and other objects represent a Na'vi's personal history. Whenever a significant event happens in their life, they add an item to the cord. Larger songcords can represent entire families and clans or recount sets of data. Song in general is especially important to the Na'vi, with much of their history being recounted through ancient songs known as way, and the earliest accounts of their society documented in the First Songs.

3. #3Na’vi Inventions and Technology

   Keys: Na’vi medicine, Na’vi tools, Na’vi Technology, Na’vi Inventions

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   Na’vi Inventions and Technology: The Na'vi are not as technologically advanced as humanity due to following the Three Laws of Eywa. However, they have still developed many tools and objects that come from natural-derived means. For example, they do not need computers because Eywa gets the job done and is essentially their biological computer storing information and knowledge. Because Pandora's plants and wildlife exhibit plenty of colorful bioluminescence at night, there is no need for them to build lampposts and electric lighting everywhere, although they still use some bladder lanterns and fire-based lighting such as fire bowls. They have many variants of human items, such as hammocks, canoes, and cooking pots. Marui are eye-catching woven houses. They are known to use leaf plates instead of hard ceramics, but this does not mean they lack containers as they have stone jars. They have also made weapons such as bows, axes, spears, and knives. Concept art for Avatar: Fire and Ash suggests that some Na'vi have even invented airships. Various Na'vi clans have developed sophisticated forms of medicine. The Na'vi have been known to reject offers of medical supplies from humans, implying their current medical advancements suit all of their needs.

4. #4The RDA

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5. #5Na’vi Clothing

   Keys: Na’vi clothes, Na’vi Clothing, Na’vi armor, Na’vi wearings

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   Na’vi Clothing: The Na'vi wear little clothing and do not seem concerned with showing a lot of skin. They cover their genital region and women do cover their breasts/nipples, but often only slightly so. It is common for men and boys to be almost entirely shirtless. Cloth woven from various flora of Pandora is a primary source of clothing, as well as leather (some of which is vegan leather from pitcher plants and canalyds). Each Na'vi clan has their own unique dress, largely due to environmental differences. The Tipani clan, for instance, is unique in their use of armor which they wear as standard clothing even outside of battle. Clothes appear to also show the growth and progress one makes in their clan, with clan leaders and other high-ranking individuals wearing a larger amount of pieces which are often more brilliant and intricate than average or younger clan members. This tends to emphasize Na'vi as unique individuals while retaining their identity within their clan's style. Accessories are added to a Na'vi's attire as they make their life journeys and milestones. Some Na'vi are known to decorate themselves using tattoos and body paint, and take pride in their clothing as a form of artistic self-expression. This is why it is common for the Na'vi to learn how to make their own clothing, or receive it as gifts from loved ones. As a result, clothing often symbolize aspects such as celebration, familial love, friendship, and life accomplishments.

6. #6Na’vi Agriculture and Diet

   Keys: Na’vi Agriculture, Na’vi Agriculture and Diet, Na’vi Diet, hunting

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   Na’vi Agriculture and Diet: Clans have their own unique food sources and cuisine depending on the environment they live. For example, marine clans such as the Metkayina clan eat more fish, while the Zeswa clan drink the milk of zakru whom they protect and share emotional bonds with. The diets of clans are not set in stone, and change over time as they learn and share the cuisine of other clans, exchanging recipes and ingredients. The Na'vi are shown to be an omnivorous species with hunters and gatherers, although it is unclear if vegetarian or vegan Na'vi exist in a similar fashion to humanity. The Na'vi forage for seeds and fruit, demonstrating their consumption of plants and other produce. They have incipient agriculture in the form of cultivation ("ska'waylu" which translates roughly as "encouragement"), a practice in which plants are brought together and treated with pheromones and other natural agents, which guide their growth to form useful structures. Some clans, however, like the Rey'tanu clan, are beginning to develop more advanced agriculture as they are reducing their numbers of hunters, choosing to eat fruit instead of animals. The Na'vi hunt animals for survival purposes and resources. The Na'vi view all unnecessary animal death as tragic and try to minimize the suffering inflicted on the animal as much as possible. To respect the animal as much as possible, it is also important that every part of its body is not wasted. It is considered offensive to the animal if a ground rack is unclean. The Na'vi also recite a prayer for every animal slain, translated into English as: "I See you, Brother, and thank you. Your spirit goes with Eywa, your body stays behind to become part of the People."

   When the Na'vi take eggs from creatures such as the coronis, they tend to only take one egg from a nest so that the animals can still thrive. The Na'vi have their own etiquette surrounding food. Wherever possible, it is preferred that the Na'vi return their findings to their home's community basket so their clan has a larger variety.

7. #7Na’vi culture & society

   Keys: Na’vi life, Na’vi traditions, Na’vi culture, Na’vi society, philosophy of Na’vi

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   Na’vi culture & society: The Na'vi live across various biomes of Pandora in territorial clan societies. They have an egalitarian social organization built around hunting, foraging, and handicraft. Common roles within a clan include hunters, gatherers, and artisans, as well as warriors; however, warriors are not called such because they fight as a career - all warriors are hunters first and foremost, and only serve as warriors when they are called upon to fight for their clan. Clans have an average of 300 members and are traditionally led by an Olo'eyktan, a central leader responsible for overseeing and giving orders to the clan, and a tsahìk, a spiritual leader or shaman who communes with Eywa and nourishes the clan spiritually. It is traditional in certain clans for these leaders to be a mated pair, though this is not always the case, and the relationship between an Olo'eyktan and tsahìk can be highly varied. These leaders will also train an heir, whether it be their child or an individual who has proven themselves capable of the role. Independent shamans do exist, however, which the Na'vi call "tiretu". The Na'vi have a Council of Elders where high-rankings members gather together and make important choices to discuss controversial matters. Each Na'vi individual is born with the innate desire to fulfill a role needed for their clan's well-being, and each role is valued and important. The distribution of roles within a clan remains balanced as the spiritual energy of the deceased influence the natural inclinations of each child towards their desired path in life. It is said that Na'vi are defined by their actions. It is not uncommon for Na'vi to switch clans, sometimes due to disagreements, exile, or even boredom and wishing to try a different lifestyle, as seen in cases such as Ateyo, Artsut, and Hawm. Because the Na'vi value autonomy and the ability for their people to have freedom and make their own life choices for their own happiness, the Na'vi are in no way obligated to live and die in the clan they are born in, and many Na'vi are independent travelers. Uturu exists as a universal Na'vi code, allowing weary travelers rest within a clan even if they are not accepted as a clan member. There is no current evidence that the Na'vi use currency or a monetary system when desiring supplies from others, and it could be argued the Na'vi are effectively a classless and cashless democratic-communist society (with the exception of the olo'eyktan and tsahìk being expected to lead). Many clans have "community baskets" where individuals can donate supplies and ensure everyone has what they need to thrive. They value members doing favors for each other, and feel comfortable giving away more valuable items when they see people doing their fair share, building a system of trust and healthy camaraderie within the community where everyone gets what they need, and no one is left behind. The Na'vi are not materialistic by nature, and seem to follow asceticism, a philosophy in which they value spiritual purity within people more than what is in the material physical world such as objects, indulgence, or pleasures of the flesh. They discourage greed and encourage sharing, so they do not possess many personal items. Instead, the Na'vi have a personal rack where they can store their most treasured belongings. By tradition, a Na'vi cannot build their own rack. Instead, they must be given one as a gift from a friend or family member. The long hours and craftsmanship needed to create the racks are considered powerful symbols of filial and familial love. It is believed that the ritual helps strengthen clan bonding.

8. #8Na’vi beliefs

   Keys: Na’vi standards, Spirit Tree, Na’vi beliefs, harmony, Tree of Souls, Na’vi arts, afterlife, roles

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   The Na'vi, by human standards, do not follow stereotypical gender roles. The common roles within a clan are not divided by gender, only by ability and necessity. The arts are of vital importance in Na’vi culture, with all individuals encouraged, even socially required, to be active in music, singing, ceramics, weaving, and dance. Central to the Na'vi is seeing all aspects of nature, all the biosphere of Pandora, including themselves, as a single connected system, a globally distributed consciousness, known to them as Eywa, the Great Mother, the goddess made up of all living things. They see the rich tapestry of life as a network of energy that flows through all living things, temporarily bringing them individual life. Thus, the Na'vi believe that all living things has a spiritual counterpart that's eventually reabsorbed into and reborn as another part of Eywa. They do not seem to believe in the idea of a heaven or an afterlife as a result, but merely harmony with Eywa in death. They are taught that their lives are finite and only borrowed, and one day, they will have to give their life energy back. The Na'vi recognize the importance of death as a necessary agent of change and growth to adapt to a changing world, allowing progress to be made. Sites like the Tree of Souls and the Spirit Tree, or the Tree of Voices are sacred to the Na'vi, as they're allowing them to connect with Eywa herself, as well as accessing to the "archived" selves of their deceased loved ones and ancestors, living as other parts of Eywa. They also view woodsprites and kinglor as messengers of Eywa.

9. #9Three laws

   Keys: Na'vi Way, Three Laws, Laws of Eywa

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   Unlike the technologically advanced human civilization on Earth, the Na'vi see themselves not as separate from, but part of a greater wholeness of nature. They strive to live in perfect harmony with their environment, taking only the resources required. Their low-impact lifestyle means a clan only lives on what it needs to sustain itself, to prevent waste and unnecessary damage to nature. Although each Na'vi clan has its own culture with rich history, art, music, and code of dress, all Na'vi are centralized by the Three Laws of Eywa, or the "Na'vi Way":

   "You shall not set stone upon stone." "Neither shall you use the turning wheel." "Nor use the metals of the ground."

10. #10Mating

    Keys: love concepts, family, cultural concepts, monogamy, mating

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    The Na'vi also have several cultural concepts in addition to their ways, such as seeing, a philosophy centered around letting go of past negative experiences and pre-conceived notions, learning to experience things as if encountering them for the first time and understand others without bias or judgment; and uturu, a custom that dictates that refuge must be provided to all weary travelers who seek it. The Na'vi are monogamous creatures who mate for life. Traditionally, once a young Na'vi has passed the tests on the path to adulthood and has been accepted into the clan as an adult, they are allowed to choose a mate, who must reciprocate and choose them back. Once an appropriate pairing has been made, a process that can take many years, the couple will mate before Eywa at a sacred site to create an emotional bond that lasts a lifetime.

11. #11Queue

    Keys: Queue, kuru, tswin

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    A neural queue (Na'vi name: tswin/kuru) is an appendage that is part of many species' anatomy on Pandora, including the Na'vi. Queues of Pandoran wildlife are encased in a "neural whip", a protective layer of skin that houses a set of thin, pinkish tendrils that appear somewhat like hair but are actually extensions of the creature's nervous system. Most Pandoran life forms possess one or two queues. When a creature connects these tendrils with that of another being, an act known to the Na'vi as tsaheylu, it enables mental communication between the two entities and the sharing of information, including memories, emotions, and sensory input. This connection doesn't just happen between two creatures, as many florae of Pandora are capable of initiating tsaheylu as well, notably the Tree of Souls and Tree of Voices, which are access points to the Pandoran neural network.

    Although the Na'vi possess a neural whip like most other creatures, it is most often hidden under a layer of hair that is painstakingly braided around the queue to protect it. This braid starts at birth and is maintained throughout a Na'vi's life. Curiously, where most Pandoran creatures possess two queue structures, the Na'vi possess only one, a trait that is shared with prolemuri.

    In culture, the bonding of queues, tsaheylu, with a mountain banshee is a rite of passage that all young Na'vi hunters of the Omatikaya clan must pass, known as Iknimaya. The bond created between rider and animal lasts for a lifetime after the first flight has occurred.

    The linking of queues is an essential part of mating, although it is not the sexual act itself.

12. #12Tsaheylu

    Keys: Tsaheylu

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    Tsaheylu is a Na'vi word meaning "bond" or neural connection. This describes the physical process by which Pandoran flora and fauna mentally connect to one another by the use of their queues. Tsaheylu has several different uses to different creatures, but primarily, it allows two beings to mentally connect and share information with one another.

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