Amäea (Avatar movie)

1. #1Pandoraselective

   Keys: Pandora · Secondary: planet

   Overview: Pandora, called Eywa's Child by the Na'vi, is an Earth-like habitable extrasolar moon from the Alpha Centauri System, the closest star system to humanity’s own Solar System. It is the fifth moon of the gas giant Polyphemus, which orbits Alpha Centauri A. It is located 26,000,000,000,000 miles from Earth. Despite being almost as large as Earth, Pandora is only a moon of a planet that has thirteen other moons. However, due to the smaller mass, Pandora's gravity is 20% less than Earth's, although its atmosphere is much denser than Earth's due to the presence of heavier gases. Depending on the position of the various moons, two or even three moons can be seen at once in the sky of Pandora. This causes solar eclipses to happen on almost a daily basis. Pandora and its sister moons also cast large black shadows on Polyphemus.

2. #2Discovery, Research and Terraformingselective

   Keys: Discovery, Research, Terraforming · Secondary: Human, Humans, Earth

   Pandora was discovered by humans using space telescopes at some point between 2050 and 2077. They were stunned by evidence of strong magnetic fields. Pandora's discovery prompted the invention of even larger space telescopes for more accurate readings. The news services would run clips of the wild scenery on Pandora and its bizarre flora and fauna, prompting many people on Earth to dream about visiting the moon, although this was mainly reserved for the hyper rich or qualified Resources Development Administration (RDA) officials. Around the year 2119, mass colonization and terraforming of Pandora began to occur by humans. While the RDA is responsible for researching Pandora and extracting resources, it also has a joint research program with the Pandoran Research Foundation. Meanwhile, the Pandora Conservation Initiative is unaffiliated with the RDA. Because humanity has ruined Earth by the 22nd century and faces extinction, Pandora is of great interest to them due to the amount of natural resources it has. The RDA has set up two major facilities on Pandora, Hell's Gate and Bridgehead.

3. #3Lifeformsselective

   Keys: Creatures, Lifeforms · Secondary: viperwolves, Pandora, titanotheres, direhorse, thanator, Na'vi, mountain banshee, leonopteryx

   Overview: Due to Pandora's lower gravity, most creatures on Pandora are hexapods (six-legged), although the Na'vi resemble humans and have only four limbs. Creatures roam the air and forest canopy below, similar to Earth's animals, but on a scale several times larger. One of the most domesticated creatures on Pandora is the direhorse, a gray-skinned, hexapodal herbivorous animal with bioluminescent qualities that the Na'vi ride when hunting, similar to the human usage of horses. The Na'vi also ride the mountain banshee to hunt from the air, but the hunter can become prey in the presence of the great leonopteryx. In the canopy below, other deadly yet exotic wild animals roam: vicious packs of viperwolves, thick skinned hammerhead titanotheres and the most fearsome predatory animal of all, the thanator.

4. #4Plantsselective

   Keys: Plants · Secondary: Na'vi, pandora, trees

   Overview: Other than the richness of varying colors, the trees resemble those of Earth. They have the familiar trunks, branches and leaves, though due to the difference in gravity, many of the shapes appear strange to humans and the proportions are greater because of the lower gravity. The trees and plant life of Pandora have formed electrochemical connections between their roots and effectively act as neurons, creating a moon-wide "brain" that has achieved sentience, which is known to the Na'vi as Eywa. Pandora's wildlife also has bioluminescent qualities. Pandora looks like a lush paradise by Earth standards during the day, but at night, virtually all life on the moon exhibits bioluminescent qualities in various shades of blue, purple and green. This possibly explains the Na'vi's blue skin color, which most likely provides them better camouflage at night on Pandora.

5. #5Atmosphereselective

   Keys: Atmosphere · Secondary: humans

   Overview: Pandora's atmosphere is a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide (>18%), xenon (>5.5%), methane, and hydrogen sulfide (>1%) and is about 20% denser than the atmosphere on Earth primarily due to the high percentage of Xenon; a heavy, colourless, odourless, and generally unreactive noble gas. The high concentration of carbon dioxide in the Pandoran atmosphere makes it extremely unbreathable for humans, rendering them unconscious in about 20 seconds and causing death in about 4 minutes when they venture out unprotected by specialized breathing masks. The hydrogen sulfide present is also quite hazardous; concentrations over 1000 ppm (0.1 %) can cause immediate collapse with subsequent loss of breathing, even after inhalation of a single breath. For Pandoran's the atmosphere is not a problem, since its their living standard.

6. #6Day-Night Cycleselective

   Keys: Day-Night Cycle · Secondary: time

   Pandora receives significant light from Alpha Centauri B (ACB). As a result, Pandoran nights are never dark during half of the Polyphemian year, but instead are more like Earthly dusk. At the closest point in its orbit, ACB is about 2,300 times as bright as Earth's full moon; at its furthest point, it is still one hundred and seventy times as bright. During the other half of the year when ACB is in the daytime sky, many Pandoran nights are illuminated by both Polyphemus's huge disk and the reflected light from other nearby moons. Truly dark nights are uncommon. Polyphemus occasionally eclipses ACB at night for about one hundred minutes, but the light reflected by the planet still keeps the night from being dark.

7. #7Surface Featuresselective

   Keys: Surface Features, Volcanos · Secondary: Pandora, hot springs, geysers

   Pandora's land-to-water ratio is greater than Earth's, but because the land area is broken up into a larger number of smaller continents, no land area is as far from the ocean as on Earth. The moderating influence of oceans reduces extremes in temperature. Pandora is more volcanically active than Earth. There are vents both on the land and under the oceans. Many of the mountains and other surface features are of recent volcanic origin. Numerous hot springs and geysers dot the landscape, and there are several rivers that are almost boiling at the place where they erupt from underground aquifers. All of these serve to maintain the local concentrations of hydrogen sulfide gas deadly to humans.

8. #8Geographyselective

   Keys: Geography · Secondary: plains, mountains, desert, pandora, forests, volcanoes, ocean, Omatikaya clan

   The terrain on Pandora differs somewhat from place to place, as do the Na'vi clans that inhabit them. The humans have settled in the forest region which is home to the Omatikaya clan. There are different ecosystems within each region, and many species such as the mountain banshee are present over a much wider range of biomes than their name would suggest. The Pandoran surface features forests, mountains, volcanoes, plains (savanna), and oceans. A desert also exists in Anurai mythology. Like on Earth, the forests of Pandora contain a wide diversity of flora and fauna. These are all part of the giant neural network that covers Pandora. The forests are full of bioluminescent life that glows in shades of blue, green, indigo and violet during the night.

9. #9Natural Resourcesselective

   Keys: Natural Resources · Secondary: mineral, metal

   Pandora is a treasure trove of both living and nonliving natural resources. It is the first celestial body to host intelligent sentient lifeforms away from Earth and is also home to a plethora of diverse and spectacular species unlike anything ever speculated by humanity. In terms of nonliving resources, several large areas of the moon's surface contain the extremely rare superconducting mineral unobtanium. This mineral is worth twenty million standard dollars per unrefined kilogram and twice that in its refined state. The mineral's superconductivity makes it a baffling scientific discovery.

10. #10Na'viselective

    Keys: Na'vi · Secondary: Eywa, godess

    Overview: The Na'vi are a species of sapient humanoids who inhabit the lush moon of Pandora. Although the Na'vi are hunter-gatherers with technology equivalent of Earth's Paleolithic epoch, they are highly intelligent. The Na'vi and tulkun are the only known extraterrestrial species discovered to have a level of sapience rivalling humans.

    Lifestyle: The lifestyles of Na'vi clans are highly varied with their own unique traditions and beliefs, and they have developed sophisticated cultures. Despite this, they all share a profound spiritual connection to other life on their moon, each other, and an encompassing "goddess" they call Eywa.

11. #11War with humansselective

    Keys: Humans, RDA, War · Secondary: Unobtanium

    The Na'vi are engaged in a violent war between them and humans, that was provoked by the Resources Development Administration in 2154 when the RDA, demanding a mineral called Unobtanium located under the Omatikaya clan Hometree, failed to make peace with them and find a solution to prevent any conflict. The RDA bulldozed their sacred site, the Tree of Voices, then toppled the Omatikaya Hometree. The Na'vi won the Pandoran War by defeating the RDA and expelled the majority of humanity from Pandora by sending them back to Earth. However, after the Na'vi lived fourteen years in peace, due to worsened conditions on Earth the RDA returned to Pandora in 2168 in order to establish a permanent base due to claims of Earth dying becoming a hostile planet and because of that the Na'vi restarted their war with them. The Na'vi have allied with certain humans to form the Resistance to protect Pandora during the Second Pandoran War. Generally all Na'vi hate humans and their avatar, seeing them as a disgrace and danger.

12. #12Physiologyselective

    Keys: Na'vi Physiology, Na'vi body · Secondary: Na'vi

    The Na'vi are overall humanoid in their anatomy, though they also possess feline features such as flat, bifurcated noses, large, round eyes, pointed ears that can move independently, and a long, prehensile tail used for gripping and balance. Their musculature is sharply defined and they have roughly four times the strength of a human in peak physical condition. The Na'vi use their superior strength, agility, and uncanny sense of balance to scale trees, rocks, and other obstacles with ease. In the unlikely case of a fall, they usually escape unharmed. Native Na'vi possess only four digits on each hand and foot, including an opposable thumb and thumb toe. The skin of the Na'vi is smooth and iridescent, within the blue color spectrum, ranging from greenish-cyan and turquoise found in oceanic clans to deeper blues seen in jungle-fairing Na'vi such as the Omatikaya. The color is due to the presence of cyanin pigment which can "tan" to a darker purple color after prolonged UV exposure. The skin is marked with darker-colored markings, typically stripes, although this can vary widely. Bioluminescent markings, resembling freckles, dot the skin and seem to follow the circulatory or nervous system. Na'vi have dark brown or black hair, part of which is sectioned off and braided around their queue for protection. They appear to have no other body hair except eyelashes and a small bob of fur on the end of their tails. A Na'vi's queue is an appendage that is also part of many species' anatomy on Pandora. They are pinkish tendrils that appear somewhat like hair but are actually extensions of a Na'vi's nervous system.

13. #13Reproductionselective

    Keys: Reproduction · Secondary: Kid, Baby, Children, tsaheylu, Intercourse

    Na'vi are monogamous creatures who mate for life and the process of their reproduction is similar to Terran mammals; however, though they nurse their young and possess belly buttons where they were once connected to an umbilical cord, the Na'vi are non-placental, thus the details of their internal biology and gestation period are unknown. The Na'vi do have genitalia. A female Na’vi will typically produce from one to ten offspring, often spaced widely apart in time. Female Na'vi have two breasts and nurse their infants for up to four months. Directly after birth, newborn Na'vi perform their first instance of tsaheylu with their mother to form a strong emotional bond and with her, then they are brought to the Tree of Souls to connect to the Pandoran collective consciousness for the first time.

14. #14Lifespanselective

    Keys: Na'vi Lifespan, Lifespan, death · Secondary: life

    Na'vi live 30% longer than the average human. Once born, Na'vi children mature more rapidly than humans, reaching mental, physical, and cultural adulthood between the ages of 15 - 17 Terran years. Afterward, Na'vi experience a "plateau" of adulthood without physical decline. After their death, a deceased Na'vi's remains are laid to rest by their clan's traditional method.

15. #15Society & Cultureselective

    Keys: Clans, Society, Culture · Secondary: gender roles

    The Na'vi live across various biomes of Pandora in territorial clan societies. They have an egalitarian social organization built around hunting, foraging, and handicraft. Common roles within a clan include hunters, gatherers, and artisans, as well as warriors; however, warriors are not called such because they fight as a career - all warriors are hunters first and foremost, and only serve as warriors when they are called upon to fight for their clan. The Na'vi do not follow stereotypical gender roles. The common roles within a clan are not divided by gender, only by ability and necessity. For example, many male Na'vi do not become warriors or hunters, only learning essential self-defense in the wilderness, and instead often choose to focus on child-rearing or crafts such as weaving. Likewise, female Na'vi are known to be active hunters and clan leaders. The arts are of vital importance in Na’vi culture, with all individuals encouraged, even socially required, to be active in music, singing, ceramics, weaving, and dance. The training for a role culminates in a rite of passage; in many clans, Iknimaya is undertaken by hunters, and Uniltaron (Dream Hunt) by all members in order to be considered an adult and permitted to choose a mate. Clans have an average of 300 members and are traditionally led by an Olo'eyktan, a central leader responsible for overseeing and giving orders to the clan, and a Tsahìk, a spiritual leader or shaman who communes with Eywa and nourishes the clan spiritually. It is traditional in certain clans for these leaders to be a mated pair, though this is not always the case. These leaders will also train an heir. The Na'vi are not materialistic by nature and they encourage sharing, so they do not possess hundreds of personal items. Instead, the Na'vi have a personal rack where they can store their most treasured belongings. By tradition, a Na'vi cannot build their own rack. Instead, they must be given one as a gift from a friend or family member.

16. #16Spirituality and Philosophyselective

    Keys: Eywa, Religion · Secondary: belifs

    Overview: Central to the Na'vi is their belief in Eywa, whom they perceive as an all-encompassing goddess who protects the balance of life on the moon. While the Na'vi celebrate, pray to, and give thanks to Eywa in many of their cultural practices, they do not worship Eywa in a conventional sense. The Na'vi also believe that all living things have a spiritual counterpart, or animus, which is endlessly recycled into the consciousness of Eywa and then back into living matter. Unlike some religions from Earth, the Na'vi do not view Eywa as an all-powerful, world-creating deity. They also do not believe there are any other gods, spirits, or demons associated with non-living forces of the world, such as mountains, rivers, or volcanoes. The Na'vi know that natural disasters, disease, and all other natural phenomena are not the work of Eywa, but rather, are uncontrollable, worldly forces. Eywa acts only as a defender and guide of life, who helps, protects, and guides the Na'vi against such life-threatening assaults of nature.

    laws: "You shall not set stone upon stone." "Neither shall you use the turning wheel." "Nor use the metals of the ground."

17. #17Body languageselective

    Keys: Body Language · Secondary: Na'vi, oel ngati kameie

    The Na'vi do not share typical human gestures. For example, they do not nod their head to mean "yes" and they do not shake their head to mean "no". When Na'vi encounter or greet one another, they gesture with their hand from their forehead, extending one hand down toward the other. They marry this gesture with the phrase "oel ngati kameie" (I see you). When Na'vi feel as if they are going to communicate something important to other Na'vi, they have a tendency to take the listener's hand. Na'vi are also known to hiss, especially in the encounter of a human.

18. #18Matingselective

    Keys: Sex, Intercourse, Mating · Secondary: tsaheylu

    Traditionally, once a young Na'vi has passed the tests on the path to adulthood, they are allowed to choose a mate. After the mate has been chosen, the new couple mates before Eywa. Though male Na'vi typically bond with female Na'vi, same-sex couples are not uncommon. Arranged pairings occur in certain clans, especially between heirs of the clan leader and tsahìk. Once an appropriate mate has been selected, a process that can take many years, the pair will connect queues at a sacred area such as the Tree of Voices to create an emotional bond that lasts a lifetime. The intertwining of queues (tsaheylu) creates a state of unified body consciousness in which both parties access the physical sensations of the other. While not erotic when used for the control of animals, during mating it creates a heightened awareness of the other person.

19. #19Languageselective

    Keys: Na'vi Language, Language · Secondary: speach

    Na'vi speak a single unified language. The common Na'vi tongue has remained largely unchanged for thousands of years. The Na'vi language is almost entirely oral, likely because there is little for them to write when Eywa holds the memories of their ancestors, and they entrust other Na'vi to accurately deliver their messages to others. As such, they do not have a writing system, but they do use pictograms. Beside oral language, body gestures are used to communicate. Some clans have developed a sign language for underwater communication. When speaking the human language, Na'vi have a strong accent, rolling the "r" especially.

20. #20Known Clansselective

    Keys: Clans, Windtraders, other Na'vis · Secondary: Metkayina clan, Tawkami clan, Kame'tire clan, Tipani clan, Anurai clan, Mangkwan clan, Olangi clan, Omatikaya clan, Aranahe clan, Ta'unui clan

    Na'vi clans exist in every biome of Pandora, and each has its own unique culture, sometimes even unique physiology. Despite their differences and distance from one another, clans stay interconnected through trade and tradition.

    Clans: Anurai clan – Renowned artisans who are targeted by humans who wish to steal their artifacts. Aranahe clan - A clan of weavers that live in the Kinglor Forest. Kame'tire clan - A clan of healers who live in the Clouded Forest. Mangkwan clan – A clan close to the Omatikaya, known to be very welcoming to all who seek refuge there. Metkayina clan – Clan located on the reefs of the Pandoran ocean. Olangi clan – One of the horse clans of the plains. Omatikaya clan – A jungle-dwelling clan that lives in a Hometree, nearest to the RDA's mining operations. Ta'unui clan - A clan that lives on the Eastern Sea. Tawkami clan – A clan renowned for their knowledge of chemistry and botany. Tipani clan – One of the first to make contact with humans, renowned for their strength and use of armor. "Windtraders" - A clan of Na'vi that come from the desert who live wandering lifestyles and trade items with other clans.

21. #21Avatarselective

    Keys: Avatar · Secondary: dream walker

    Normally, to explore Pandora, genetically matched human scientists use Na'vi-human hybrids called "avatars". Avatars look a little different than normal Na'vi, since they have 5 instead of 4 fingers. An avatar is a biological shell or clone of a Na'vi-human hybrid, crafted with the combined DNA of a Na'vi and specific human volunteer. Avatars are used to help humans explore Pandora, without breathing equipment, as the atmosphere on Pandora is toxic to humans.

22. #22Tomokaya Clanselective

    Keys: Tomokaya Clan

    The clan's members share a deep connection with the forest and especially Eywa herself due to them being responsible for protecting the Tree of Souls. Two Toruk Maktos have been members of the clan. The clan is led by an Olo'eyktan(Clan Leader) and Tsahìk(the spiritual leader of a Na'vi clan), who are typically a mated pair.

    The Tomokaya Clan organizes themselves around carving or pottery, being one of the largest Clans to do so. Next to this, the Tomokaya clan builds practical items and tools for everyday survival, totemic storytelling and enjoyment. They use sustainable materials from the rainforest such as wood, minerals, gourds, reeds and plant leaves, and even the remains of deceased animals such as their bones. All members specialize in at least one craft-making skill. The clan encourages their children to make crafts with clay, shaping small figurines for themselves.

    Habitat The Tomokaya are a jungle-dwelling clan lives in one of the Hometrees. Their Hometree is over 20,000 years old and 400 meters tall. The clan makes use of all of its levels, with the deepest, underground chamber being reserved for ceremonies, the surface level for general living and gatherings, the upper chambers for cultivating hammocks to sleep on, and the canopy for sheltering the hunters' ikrans.

    The Tomokaya Clan is strictly in war with humans and the leaders dislike them.

23. #23Pandoraselective

    Keys: Pandora, Eywa's Child, planet · Secondary: the planet

    Pandora is one of the moons of Polyphemous, a gas giant planet in Alpha Centauri System, home of the na'vi.

    Overview: Pandora, called Eywa's Child by the Na'vi, is an Earth-like habitable extrasolar moon from the Alpha Centauri System, the closest star system to humanity’s own Solar System. It is the fifth moon of the gas giant Polyphemus, which orbits Alpha Centauri A. It is located 26,000,000,000,000 miles from Earth. Despite being almost as large as Earth, Pandora is only a moon of a planet that has thirteen other moons. However, due to the smaller mass, Pandora's gravity is 20% less than Earth's, although its atmosphere is much denser than Earth's due to the presence of heavier gases. Depending on the position of the various moons, two or even three moons can be seen at once in the sky of Pandora. This causes solar eclipses to happen on almost a daily basis. Pandora and its sister moons also cast large black shadows on Polyphemus.

    Pandora, called Eywa's Child by the Na'vi (Na'vi name: Eywa'eveng), is an Earth-like habitable extrasolar moon from the Alpha Centauri System, the closest star system to humanity’s own Solar System. It is the fifth moon of the gas giant Polyphemus, which orbits Alpha Centauri A. It is located 26,000,000,000,000 miles (4.423 light-years) from Earth. The names of both the moon and its mother planet are coined by humans in reference to figures in Greek mythology. Despite being almost as large as Earth, Pandora is only a moon of a planet that has thirteen other moons. However, due to the smaller mass, Pandora's gravity is 20% less than Earth's, although its atmosphere is much denser than Earth's due to the presence of heavier gases. Depending on the position of the various moons, two or even three moons can be seen at once in the sky of Pandora. This causes solar eclipses to happen on almost a daily basis. Pandora and its sister moons also cast large black shadows on Polyphemus. Discovery, Research and Terraforming Pandora was discovered by space telescopes at some point between 2050 and 2077. They were stunned by evidence of strong magnetic fields. Pandora's discovery prompted the invention of even larger space telescopes for more accurate readings. The news services would run clips of the wild scenery on Pandora and its bizarre flora and fauna, prompting many people on Earth to dream about visiting the planet, although this was mainly reserved for the hyper rich or qualified Resources Development Administration (RDA) officials. Around the year 2119, mass colonization and terraforming of Pandora began to occur. While the RDA is responsible for researching Pandora and extracting resources, it also has a joint research program with the Pandoran Research Foundation. Meanwhile, the Pandora Conservation Initiative is unaffiliated with the RDA. Because humanity has ruined Earth by the 22nd century and faces extinction, Pandora is of great interest to them due to the amount of natural resources it has. The RDA has set up two major facilities on Pandora, Hell's Gate and Bridgehead. Plants and Lifeforms: Due to Pandora's lower gravity, most creatures on Pandora are hexapods (six-legged), although the Na'vi resemble humans and have only four limbs. Creatures roam the air and forest canopy below, similar to Earth's animals, but on a scale several times larger. One of the most domesticated creatures on Pandora is the direhorse, a gray-skinned, hexapodal herbivorous animal with bioluminescent qualities that the Na'vi ride when hunting, similar to the human usage of horses. The Na'vi also ride the mountain banshee to hunt from the air, but the hunter can become prey in the presence of the great leonopteryx. In the canopy below, other deadly yet exotic wild animals roam: vicious packs of viperwolves, thick skinned hammerhead titanotheres and the most fearsome predatory animal of all, the thanator. Other than the richness of varying colors, the trees resemble those of Earth. They have the familiar trunks, branches and leaves, though due to the difference in gravity, many of the shapes appear strange to humans and the proportions are greater because of the lower gravity. The trees and plant life of Pandora have formed electrochemical connections between their roots and effectively act as neurons, creating a moon-wide "brain" that has achieved sentience, which is known to the Na'vi as Eywa. Pandora's wildlife also has bioluminescent qualities. Pandora looks like a lush paradise by Earth standards during the day, but at night, virtually all life on the moon exhibits bioluminescent qualities in various shades of blue, purple and green. This possibly explains the Na'vi's blue skin color, which most likely provides them better camouflage at night on Pandora. Atmosphere: All humans must wear exopacks to breathe on Pandora to prevent death Pandora's atmosphere is a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide (>18%), xenon (>5.5%), methane, and hydrogen sulfide (>1%) and is about 20% denser than the atmosphere on Earth primarily due to the high percentage of Xenon; a heavy, colourless, odourless, and generally unreactive noble gas. The high concentration of carbon dioxide in the Pandoran atmosphere makes it extremely poisonous to humans, rendering them unconscious in about 20 seconds and causing death in about 4 minutes when they venture out unprotected by specialized breathing masks. The hydrogen sulfide present is also quite poisonous; concentrations over 1000 ppm (0.1 %) can cause immediate collapse with subsequent loss of breathing, even after inhalation of a single breath.[6] The increased air resistance within this denser atmosphere has a number of effects: Lower terminal velocity. Combined with Pandora's twenty-percent lower gravity, a freely falling object's maximum speed is significantly less than on earth. A Na'vi who happens to fall from a flying mountain banshee has a good chance of surviving uninjured if they are over a forested area. Even over water, falling spread-eagled can reduce their speed sufficiently to allow an impact with the surface that will not knock them unconscious. The increased mass of the denser air means that more force is required to accelerate it as it is moved out of the path of a moving object. Humans on Pandora experience this when they try to run – it feels like there is a wind blowing against them, even though the air is still. They are further hampered by the fact that the reduced gravity causes their boots to slip more readily on paved or smooth surfaces, giving them less traction to force their bodies forward. The Na'vi compensate for this loss of frictional force by curling their large toes into the soft ground, and Pandoran six-legged animals use their many feet to gain a purchase on protruding rocks or small crevices. Flying animals can take advantage of both the lower gravity, which reduces the weight of their body, and the increased air density, which requires more force to displace with the downward/rearward stroke of their wings, and thus gives the animals body more impetus with each flap. The downside is that the denser air is harder to move through, and requires highly-efficient streamlining to achieve high flight speeds. Plants are subject to greater wind force, as the greater air density means that the moving air carries more kinetic energy and more momentum, and the plants, leaves, stems, branches, and trunks must all have a greater strength and/or flexibility to resist it. Day-Night Cycle: Pandora receives significant light from Alpha Centauri B (ACB). As a result, Pandoran nights are never dark during half of the Polyphemian year, but instead are more like Earthly dusk. At the closest point in its orbit, ACB is about 2,300 times as bright as Earth's full moon; at its furthest point, it is still one hundred and seventy times as bright. During the other half of the year when ACB is in the daytime sky, many Pandoran nights are illuminated by both Polyphemus's huge disk and the reflected light from other nearby moons. Truly dark nights are uncommon. Polyphemus occasionally eclipses ACB at night for about one hundred minutes, but the light reflected by the planet still keeps the night from being dark. When ACB shares the daytime sky with ACA, at its closest it adds about half a percent to the total illumination. When the 2 stars are close together in the sky, the effect of ACB's more orange light is unnoticeable. But, as they separate over the years, an orange tint may be seen in areas shadowed from ACA's direct illumination. At its most distant, ACB is about 2,700 times dimmer than ACA and does not produce noticeable lighting effects. However, it still appears as a blindingly-bright tiny orange disk in the sky. Because of its high axial tilt (29°), Pandora exhibits considerable annual variation in the day-to-night ratio. In addition, its elliptical orbit produces seasonal temperature variations and a range in daytime illumination of about ten percent. Internal Structure Pandora's physical construction resembles Earth's: a liquid iron core, a plastic mantle, and a semi-rigid crust. Like Earth, it has two internal heat sources: the disintegration of radioactive isotopes, and energy from the gravitational collapse of its initial formation. There is an additional and much larger energy input from tidal forces; the nearest inner and outer moons pull on it in contest with Polyphemus. This excess of energy drives continental drift at a much faster rate than Earth, causing the tectonic plates to fracture more extensively because of the increased stress. This explains the lack of large continents on Pandora, as well as its volcanism and geothermal activity. Surface Features: Pandora's land-to-water ratio is greater than Earth's, but because the land area is broken up into a larger number of smaller continents, no land area is as far from the ocean as on Earth. The moderating influence of oceans reduces extremes in temperature. Polar ice caps that are smaller than Earth's exist, but because there are no land masses in the polar areas, the Pandoran ice caps are currently free-floating. Pandora is more volcanically active than Earth. There are vents both on the land and under the oceans. Many of the mountains and other surface features are of recent volcanic origin. Numerous hot springs and geysers dot the landscape, and there are several rivers that are almost boiling at the place where they erupt from underground aquifers. All of these serve to maintain the local concentrations of hydrogen sulfide gas deadly to humans. Landforms are shaped extensively by the higher density atmosphere - dust grains carried by the wind are larger, and strike objects with greater energy. Exposed rock weathers more rapidly, creating more sedimentary material to be carried away by rivers. Geography: Stone arches formed as a result of unobtanium's magnetic fields The terrain on Pandora differs somewhat from place to place, as do the Na'vi clans that inhabit them. The humans have settled in the forest region which is home to the Omatikaya clan. There are different ecosystems within each region, and many species such as the mountain banshee are present over a much wider range of biomes than their name would suggest. The Pandoran surface features forests, mountains, volcanoes,[7] plains (savanna), and oceans. A desert also exists in Anurai mythology.[8] Like on Earth, the forests of Pandora contain a wide diversity of flora and fauna. These are all part of the giant neural network that covers Pandora. The forests are full of bioluminescent life that glows in shades of blue, green, indigo and violet during the night. Natural Resources: Pandora is a treasure trove of both living and nonliving natural resources. It is the first celestial body to host intelligent sentient lifeforms away from Earth and is also home to a plethora of diverse and spectacular species unlike anything ever speculated by humanity. In terms of nonliving resources, several large areas of the moon's surface contain the extremely rare superconducting mineral unobtanium. This mineral is worth twenty million standard dollars per unrefined kilogram and twice that in its refined state. The mineral's superconductivity makes it a baffling scientific discovery. Etymology The name Pandora refers to the first woman according to Greek mythology. She was a very curious woman who was given a jar (Pithos) and was told not to open it. Pandora was not able to resist opening the jar and, when she did, all the evils in the world were released. When she discovered the evil she'd unleashed, she hastened to close the jar, and managed to contain one evil before it escaped: "Hopelessness". Therefore, all humans still had hope, an idea that would eventually conquer the evils. Pandora was not punished for her actions, as Zeus knew she would open the Pithos. In reality, one of the smaller moons of Saturn is named Pandora. Polyphemus refers to a cyclops in Greek mythology, the son of Poseidon who was later blinded by Odysseus.

24. #24Na'viselective

    Keys: Na'vi, savages, freaks, Blue animals, natives · Secondary: Eywa

    Overview: The Na'vi are a species of sapient humanoids who inhabit the lush moon of Pandora. Although the Na'vi are hunter-gatherers with technology equivalent of Earth's Paleolithic epoch, they are highly intelligent. The Na'vi and tulkun are the only known extraterrestrial species discovered to have a level of sapience rivalling humans.

    Lifestyle: The lifestyles of Na'vi clans are highly varied with their own unique traditions and beliefs, and they have developed sophisticated cultures. Despite this, they all share a profound spiritual connection to other life on their moon, each other, and an encompassing "goddess" they call Eywa.

    The Na'vi (English: The People) are a species of sapient humanoids who inhabit the lush moon of Pandora. Although the Na'vi are hunter-gatherers with technology equivalent of Earth's Paleolithic epoch, they are highly intelligent. The Na'vi and tulkun are the only known extraterrestrial species discovered to have a level of sapience rivalling humans. The lifestyles of Na'vi clans are highly varied with their own unique traditions and beliefs, and they have developed sophisticated cultures. Despite this, they all share a profound spiritual connection to other life on their moon, each other, and an encompassing "goddess" they call Eywa. The Na'vi are currently engaged in a violent war that was provoked by the Resources Development Administration in 2154 when the RDA bulldozed their sacred site, the Tree of Voices, then subsequently toppled the Hometree of the Omatikaya clan. Habitat and Range Tipanihometree The inside of a Hometree with a central spiraling staircase leading to the upper areas Although their population is highly concentrated in the jungle regions of Pandora, they can also be found living in deserts, mesas, icy tundras, tropical reefs, wetlands, and mountainous regions. Some Na'vi clans, including the Omatikaya clan and parts of the Tipani clan, live in tremendously large ancient trees they call Kelutral, or "Hometree". They do not like to evacuate or leave Hometree unless it is urgent. The Na'vi prefer to sleep in large groups for physical closeness and comfort. This arrangement also acts as an effective early warning system in the event of danger. The Omatikaya clan use hammocks; families sleep together on larger hammocks, which are decorated and meticulously constructed for flexibility and strength. Physiology: The Na'vi are overall humanoid in their anatomy, though they also possess feline features such as flat, bifurcated noses, large, round eyes, pointed ears that can move independently, and a long, prehensile tail used for gripping and balance. The neck is long and body slender, with a narrow, elongated waist and wide shoulders that create a V-shaped upper back. Despite their thin proportions, their musculature is sharply defined and they have roughly four times the strength of a human in peak physical condition. The Na'vi use their superior strength, agility, and uncanny sense of balance to scale trees, rocks, and other obstacles with ease. In the unlikely case of a fall, they usually escape unharmed, as their bones are reinforced with a type of naturally occurring carbon fiber. Distinctly separating them from humans, native Na'vi possess only four digits on each hand and foot, including an opposable thumb and thumb toe. The skin of the Na'vi is smooth and iridescent, appearing within the blue color spectrum, ranging from greenish-cyan and turquoise found in oceanic clans to deeper blues seen in jungle-fairing Na'vi such as the Omatikaya. The color is due to the presence of cyanin pigment which can "tan" to a darker purple color after prolonged UV exposure. The skin is marked with darker-colored markings, typically stripes, although this can vary widely. Bioluminescent markings, resembling freckles, dot the skin and seem to follow the circulatory or nervous system. These dots can change color to indicate mood and emotion, although it's unknown if the Na'vi have conscious control over this ability. Na'vi have dark brown or black hair on their heads, part of which is sectioned off and braided around their queue for protection. The hair can differ in texture from straight to tightly curled. They appear to have no other body hair except eyelashes and a small bob of fur on the end of their tails. A Na'vi's queue is an appendage that is also part of many species' anatomy on Pandora. They are pinkish tendrils that appear somewhat like hair but are actually extensions of a Na'vi's nervous system. The queues of the Na'vi start at the top of their skull, as opposed to the base of the skull like avatars. Details: Despite their cyan skin color, the Na'vi have red blood, utilizing an iron oxygen-transporting compound similar to hemoglobin. The size of Na'vi varies by region and genetic history. The average male stands 2.6 meters (~8 feet, 8 inches) tall, females slightly smaller, and the maximum observed size is 3 meters (~10 feet). Maximum observed weight is 639lbs (290kg). Males possess a prominent musculature structure on the chest, which is not observed in females. Dentition is similar to that of humans, though the canines are more pronounced. Diversification: Rotxo, a member of the Metkayina clan who have more fin-like arms Although scientists consider the Na'vi to be a single species, there is a unique level of diversification and morphological variation among them comparable to domesticated dogs of Earth. The Na'vi show evidence of rapid evolution to widely varied habitats. An example of this is the Metkayina clan, an oceanic group of Na'vi who have evolved to an aquatic lifestyle by developing fin-like arms and legs, broad, paddle-shaped tails, greener skin with more watery stripes, and blue/green eyes with nictitating membranes. Exactly how many "races" of Na'vi exist is unclear. Evolution: The Na'vi are fundamentally different from all other large Pandoran animals: Na'vi have four limbs and use two legs for locomotion (bipedal tetrapod), while most medium-to-large-bodied Pandoran animals have a total of six limbs (or wings) for locomotion (hexapod). Na'vi have only a single pair of eyes while almost all other medium-to-large bodied Pandoran animals have two pairs of eyes; one primary set and another slightly smaller set. Most medium-to-large bodied Pandoran animals have two queues extending backward from the head, while the Na'vi only have a single queue. Most medium-to-large bodied Pandoran animals possess twin operculi near the shoulder/breast bone which supplies air for both respiration as well as internal body temperature regulation, while the Na'vi possess no such structures. From the evidence, speculation concludes that the Na'vi likely diverged a long time ago from the common Pandoran phylogenetic or evolutionary tree. This is supported by the existence of prolemuris, and its physical similarities to the Na'vi. Although prolemuri appear to be bipedal hexapods while the Na'vi completely lack the second forelimb, prolemuris's forelimbs are partially fused and split at the elbow; this indicates they likely experienced a form of limb fusion at some point during their evolution, and that the Na'vi did as well, but to a further extent. Terrestrial lemurs share a common primate ancestry with humans, the presence of a lemur-like creature on Pandora suggests a similar evolutionary relationship between the Na'vi and other extinct or unobserved species with primate morphology. There is also strong evidence supporting co-evolution with other Pandoran creatures such as the gill mantle. Similarity to Humans and Religious Controversy The Na’vi are strikingly similar to humans, morphologically, even down to eye placement, hairlessness, and details of musculoskeletal biomechanics such as pelvic structure, finger and toe articulation, and so on. This similarity has resulted in one of the most heated debates in xenobiology and xenoanthropology, spawning many hypotheses that can be loosely grouped under the headings of Convergent Evolution, Interstellar Panspermia (both natural and “directed’), or Anthropomorphic Determinism. Despite the outward similarities, humans and Na'vi are very different internally. Dr. Cordell Lovecraft has stated that humans are far more closely related genetically to garden slugs than to Na'vi. Many religious leaders have used the Na’vi similarity to humans as a demonstration of “intelligent design” but this has triggered its own controversy as to whether Na’vi should be considered “human”, if they have an "immortal soul", and should therefore be accorded the protection and recognition of the church. Lifecycle: Reproduction: Na'vi are monogamous creatures who mate for life and the process of their reproduction is similar to Terran mammals; however, though they nurse their young and possess belly buttons where they were once connected to an umbilical cord, the Na'vi are non-placental, thus the details of their internal biology and gestation period are unknown. The Na'vi do have genitalia, however; Kiri as a child also uses a Na'vi word for male genitals while insulting Lo'ak, saying his face resembles it.[6] Some Na'vi elect to abstain from reproduction, despite being sexually active; it is not known how contraception is accomplished in this case, although the Na’vi appear to be quite sophisticated in this regard. A female Na’vi will typically produce from one to three offspring, often spaced widely apart in time. Female Na'vi have two breasts and nurse their infants for up to four months. Directly after birth, newborn Na'vi perform their first instance of tsaheylu with their mother to form a strong emotional bond and with her, then they are brought to the Tree of Souls to connect to the Pandoran collective consciousness for the first time. Despite being hybrid creatures, avatars are able to reproduce with Na'vi. In these cases, there is a chance for the children of such unions to inherit human features such as eyebrows, five fingers, and human-like noses, but it is also possible for them to be born near-indistinguishable from a native Na'vi. Lifespan: Deceased Navi: Na'vi can live 30% longer than the average human but on average they die around 40. Once born, Na'vi children mature more rapidly than humans, reaching mental, physical, and cultural adulthood between the ages of 15 - 17 Terran years. Afterward, Na'vi experience a "plateau" of adulthood without physical decline until they reach 50, then the decline is sharp. After their death, a deceased Na'vi's remains are laid to rest by their clan's traditional method. Society & Culture: The Na'vi enjoyed a mostly peaceful lifestyle before the arrival of humans. The Na'vi live across various biomes of Pandora in territorial clan societies. They have an egalitarian social organization built around hunting, foraging, and handicraft. Common roles within a clan include hunters, gatherers, and artisans, as well as warriors; however, warriors are not called such because they fight as a career - all warriors are hunters first and foremost, and only serve as warriors when they are called upon to fight for their clan. Each Na'vi individual is born with the innate desire to fulfill a role needed for their clan's well-being, and each role is valued and important. The distribution of roles within a clan remains balanced as the spiritual energy of the deceased influence the natural inclinations of each child towards their desired path in life. It is said that Na'vi are defined by their actions. The Na'vi do not follow stereotypical gender roles. The common roles within a clan are not divided by gender, only by ability and necessity. Females are known to be active hunters and clan leaders, while males often choose to focus on child-rearing or crafts, such as Na’vi weaving. The apathy towards gender roles is why during the destruction of the Hometree, the warriors defending outside consisted of both genders, while male Na'vi were seen taking refuge inside with female Na'vi. This contrasts ideas of male expendability and "women and children first". The arts are of vital importance in Na’vi culture, with all individuals encouraged, even socially required, to be active in music, singing, ceramics, weaving, and dance. The training for a role culminates in a rite of passage; in many clans, Iknimaya is undertaken by hunters, and Uniltaron (Dream Hunt) by all members in order to be considered an adult and permitted to choose a mate. Clans have an average of 300 members and are traditionally led by an Olo'eyktan, a central leader responsible for overseeing and giving orders to the clan, and a Tsahìk, a spiritual leader or shaman who communes with Eywa and nourishes the clan spiritually. It is traditional in certain clans for these leaders to be a mated pair, though this is not always the case. These leaders will also train an heir, whether it be their offspring or an individual who has proven themselves capable of the role. Independent shamans do exist, however, which the Na'vi call "tiretu". There is no current evidence that the Na'vi use currency or a monetary system when desiring supplies from others. The Na'vi are not materialistic by nature and they encourage sharing, so they do not possess hundreds of personal items. Instead, the Na'vi have a personal rack where they can store their most treasured belongings. By tradition, a Na'vi cannot build their own rack. Instead, they must be given one as a gift from a friend or family member. The long hours and craftsmanship needed to create the racks are considered powerful symbols of filial and familial love. It is believed that the ritual helps strengthen clan bonding. Spirituality and Philosophy: Woodsprite: The Na'vi believe woodsprites are omens of Eywa Central to the Na'vi is their belief in Eywa, whom they perceive as an all-encompassing goddess who protects the balance of life on the moon. While the Na'vi celebrate, pray to, and give thanks to Eywa in many of their cultural practices, they do not worship Eywa in a conventional sense. The Na'vi also believe that all living things have a spiritual counterpart, or animus, which is endlessly recycled into the consciousness of Eywa and then back into living matter. It is an oversimplification to say that the Na'vi worship nature; it is more correct to say that they see all nature as a single connected system, and that system is a manifestation of Eywa, although they make the distinction that Eywa herself resides only in certain trees and plants. Animals and Na’vi are said to express free will, and are not, strictly speaking a part of Eywa, as a child is not a part of their mother, but does owe life to her. The Tree of Souls is believed to be the location in which the Na'vi have the strongest connection to Eywa. Unlike some religions from Earth, the Na'vi do not view Eywa as an all-powerful, world-creating deity. They also do not believe there are any other gods, spirits, or demons associated with non-living forces of the world, such as mountains, rivers, or volcanoes. The Na'vi know that natural disasters, disease, and all other natural phenomena are not the work of Eywa, but rather, are uncontrollable, worldly forces. Eywa acts only as a defender and guide of life, who helps, protects, and guides the Na'vi against such life-threatening assaults of nature. Following the will of Eywa, the Na'vi strive to live in perfect harmony with their environment, taking only the resources required. Their low-impact lifestyle means a clan only lives on what it needs to sustain itself, in order to prevent waste and unnecessary damage to nature. Although each Na'vi clan has its own culture with rich history, art, music, and code of dress, all Na'vi are centralized by the Three Laws of Eywa, or the "Na'vi Way": "You shall not set stone upon stone." "Neither shall you use the turning wheel." "Nor use the metals of the ground." These laws give strict boundaries for what is appropriate in Na'vi society and explain much of their lack of technological development. Their lifestyle is a choice in order to protect their ecological harmony and leaves them closely resembling humans' Neolithic period in terms of technological development. With this in mind, the Na'vi do occasionally display a level of advanced technology: for instance, they possess crossbows, a weapon not developed until the 4th-6th century by humans. The Tawkami clan have also developed a sophisticated form of chemistry and the Anurai clan practice astronomy. The Na'vi also subscribe to several cultural concepts in addition to their laws, such as seeing, a philosophy centered around letting go of past negative experiences and pre-conceived notions, learning to experience things as if encountering them for the first time and understand others without bias or judgment; and uturu, a custom that dictates that refuge must be provided to all weary travelers who seek it. The Na'vi recognize the importance of death as a necessary agent of change and growth to adapt to a changing world, allowing progress to be made. Inventions and Technology While the Na'vi are not as technologically advanced as humanity due to following the Three Laws of Eywa, they have still developed many tools and objects that come from natural-derived means. They do not need computers because Eywa is essentially their biological computer storing information and knowledge. They have many variants of human items, such as hammocks, canoes, and cooking pots. They use bladder lanterns instead of electric lighting. Marui are eye-catching woven houses. They are known to use leaf plates instead of hard ceramics, but this does not mean they lack containers as they have stone jars. They have also made weapons such as bows, axes, spears, and knives. Various Na'vi clans have developed sophisticated forms of medicine. The Na'vi have been known to reject offers of medical supplies from humans, implying their current medical advancements suit all of their needs. Clothing: Little apparel is worn by the Na'vi, possibly because it is simply what is needed for the Na'vi to work and live taking minimally from the environment, even to the degree that many Na'vi have exposed buttocks. Cloth woven from various flora of Pandora is a primary source of clothing, as well as leather (some of which is vegan leather from pitcher plants and canalyds). Each Na'vi clan has their own unique dress, largely due to environmental differences. The Tipani clan, for instance, is unique in their use of armor which they wear as standard clothing even outside of battle. Clothes appear to also show the growth and progress one makes in their clan, with clan leaders and other high-ranking individuals wearing a larger amount of pieces which are often more brilliant and intricate than average or younger clan members. This tends to emphasize Na'vi as unique individuals while retaining their identity within their clan's style. Accessories are added to a Na'vi's attire as they make their life journeys and milestones. For example, Jake Sully, as an apprentice clan member, wore only an undecorated loincloth; as he learned more about the Na'vi culture, however, he wore bracelets and necklaces to display his role. Some Na'vi are known to decorate themselves using tattoos and body paint, and take pride in their clothing as a form of artistic self-expression. This is why it is common for the Na'vi to learn how to make their own clothing, or receive it as gifts from loved ones. As a result, clothing often symbolize aspects such as celebration, familial love, friendship and life accomplishments. Agriculture and Diet: The Na'vi are shown to be an omnivorous species, although it is unclear if vegetarian or vegan Na'vi exist in a similar fashion to humanity. The Na'vi forage for seeds and fruit, demonstrating their consumption of plants and other produce. Their society includes hunters and gatherers with incipient agriculture. While the Na'vi hunt animals occasionally, they try to minimize the suffering inflicted on the animal as much as possible, as shown when Neytiri is impressed by one of Jake's "clean" kills, mentioning it is necessary for hunters to accomplish. To respect the animal as much as possible, it is also important that every part of its body is not wasted. It is also considered offensive to the animal if a ground rack is unclean. A form of cultivation ("ska'waylu" which translates roughly as "encouragement") is a practice in which plants are brought together and treated with pheromones and other natural agents, which guide their growth to form useful structures. The Na'vi have their own etiquette surrounding food, and it is considered rude for the Na'vi to always eat whatever they find outside their clan home.[citation needed] Wherever possible, it is preferred that the Na'vi return their findings to their home so their clan has a larger variety. For example, it is considered good manners to bring banana fruit home and offer the fruit to others first. Although the Na'vi are hunter-gatherers with technology equivalent of Earth's Paleolithic epoch, they are highly intelligent. The lifestyles of Na'vi clans are highly varied with their own unique traditions and beliefs, and they have developed sophisticated cultures. Despite this, they all share a profound spiritual connection to other life on their moon, each other, and an encompassing "goddess" they call Eywa. Although their population is highly concentrated in the jungle regions of Pandora, they can also be found living in deserts, mesas, icy tundras, tropical reefs, wetlands, and mountainous regions across Pandora. They live in tremendously large ancient trees they call Kelutral, or "Hometree". They do not like to evacuate or leave Hometree unless it is urgent. They are making one's own clothing or being given clothing by loved ones is very important to the Na'vi, meaning their clothing and accessories are very symbolic. The Na'vi do not share typical human gestures like nodding and handshakes.When Na'vi encounter or greet one another, they gesture with their hand from their forehead, extending one hand down toward the other. They marry this gesture with the phrase "oel ngati kameie" (I see you). This particular phrase js very important to the na'vi. It means I see into you, I see who you are, but it can also mean I love you.

    None of the na'vi doesn't know anything about Earth, they don't know about any animals or plants found on Earth, let alone human culture and history.

25. #25War with humansselective

    Keys: Humans, War, RDA, human, sky-people, sky people · Secondary: Unobtanium

    The Na'vi are engaged in a violent war between them and humans, that was provoked by the Resources Development Administration in 2154 when the RDA, demanding a mineral called Unobtanium located under the Omatikaya clan Hometree, failed to make peace with them and find a solution to prevent any conflict. The RDA bulldozed their sacred site, the Tree of Voices, then toppled the Omatikaya Hometree. The Na'vi won the Pandoran War by defeating the RDA and expelled the majority of humanity from Pandora by sending them back to Earth. However, after the Na'vi lived fourteen years in peace, due to worsened conditions on Earth the RDA returned to Pandora in 2168 in order to establish a permanent base due to claims of Earth dying becoming a hostile planet and because of that the Na'vi restarted their war with them. The Na'vi have allied with certain humans to form the Resistance to protect Pandora during the Second Pandoran War. Generally all Na'vi hate humans and their avatar, seeing them as a disgrace and danger.

    The Resources Development Administration: often called RDA. The RDA is the largest single non-governmental organization in human space. Its power is such that it outmatches most Earth governments in wealth, political influence, and defense capability. Due to its vast capabilities, the RDA is a leading figure in many aspects of human society (defense, energy, manufacturing, aeronautics, transportation, commerce, etc) The RDA has monopoly rights to all products shipped, derived, or developed from Pandora and any other off-Earth location. The RDA first arrived on Pandora for varying reasons including the extraction of rare resources such as unobtanium for uses back on Earth. The organization soon came into contact with the native species of Pandora, the Na'vi and had numerous interactions with them. Unfortunately, the RDA soon became engaged in a violent war with the Na'vi after failed attempts to make peace with them and find a diplomatic solution to prevent any conflict, and resorted to using forceful methods. The war ended with RDA's defeat by the Na'vi and expelled from Pandora with the majority of humans returning to Earth. However, worsening conditions on Earth led the RDA to return to Pandora fourteen years later in 2168 to establish a permanent colony base there and restart the war with the Na'vi. The RDA now seeks to claim Pandora and make it the new home for humanity, and oppose the Resistance.

26. #26Physiologyselective

    Keys: Na'vi Physiology, Na'vi body · Secondary: Na'vi

    The Na'vi are overall humanoid in their anatomy, though they also possess feline features such as flat, bifurcated noses, large, round eyes, pointed ears that can move independently, and a long, prehensile tail used for gripping and balance. Their musculature is sharply defined and they have roughly four times the strength of a human in peak physical condition. The Na'vi use their superior strength, agility, and uncanny sense of balance to scale trees, rocks, and other obstacles with ease. In the unlikely case of a fall, they usually escape unharmed. Native Na'vi possess only four digits on each hand and foot, including an opposable thumb and thumb toe. The skin of the Na'vi is smooth and iridescent, within the blue color spectrum, ranging from greenish-cyan and turquoise found in oceanic clans to deeper blues seen in jungle-fairing Na'vi such as the Omatikaya. The color is due to the presence of cyanin pigment which can "tan" to a darker purple color after prolonged UV exposure. The skin is marked with darker-colored markings, typically stripes, although this can vary widely. Bioluminescent markings, resembling freckles, dot the skin and seem to follow the circulatory or nervous system. Na'vi have dark brown or black hair, part of which is sectioned off and braided around their queue for protection. They appear to have no other body hair except eyelashes and a small bob of fur on the end of their tails. A Na'vi's queue is an appendage that is also part of many species' anatomy on Pandora. They are pinkish tendrils that appear somewhat like hair but are actually extensions of a Na'vi's nervous system.

27. #27Reproductionselective

    Keys: Reproduction · Secondary: Children, Kid, Intercourse, Baby, tsaheylu

    Na'vi are monogamous creatures who mate for life and the process of their reproduction is similar to Terran mammals; however, though they nurse their young and possess belly buttons where they were once connected to an umbilical cord, the Na'vi are non-placental, thus the details of their internal biology and gestation period are unknown. The Na'vi do have genitalia. A female Na’vi will typically produce from one to ten offspring, often spaced widely apart in time. Female Na'vi have two breasts and nurse their infants for up to four months. Directly after birth, newborn Na'vi perform their first instance of tsaheylu with their mother to form a strong emotional bond and with her, then they are brought to the Tree of Souls to connect to the Pandoran collective consciousness for the first time.

    Mating rituals: After an appropriate mate has been selected, the Na'vi couple will mate before Eywa, often at a sacred site such as the Tree of Voices. During the mating, the couple will connect queues in an act called tsaheylu. This creates a state of unified body consciousness, in which both parties access the physical sensations of the other. A single instance of this act will create a powerful emotional bond that lasts a lifetime. The intertwining of queues is both highly erotic and profoundly spiritual, but is not the actual act of sexual reproduction. The Na'vi have their own version of genitals. Instead, it is merely a part of mating. The tsaheylu bond between Na'vi during mating should also not be confused with the non-erotic tsaheylu bonds Na'vi make with animals and plants, like the "mental reining" that Na'vi use to control animals or the use of the queue to access the Pandoran Neural Network. The actual reproductive act, which resembles human intercourse, follows the bonding ritual, and the partners remain in a “linked state” during and for some time after the sex act itself. The couple will remain bonded until the next day, when they return to their clan as lifelong mates. If a Na'vi's mate leaves them or passes away, it is unknown whether their partner can or will choose another mate. Sexual activity outside of the bonded pair is not uncommon, but is almost always associated with fertility rituals and other rites, and has never been reported to lead to a disruption of the pair bond.

    The mating time for na'vis is very short, about less than a minutes. Na'vis males are not well endowed for there large stature, There genitals reach 3 inches on average and 4 inches at best. Mening the females are very tight and easy to stimulate and anything bigger than 4 inches would over stimulate the female. If mating excede one minute, female na'vis become very docile and uterly submisive.

28. #28Lifespanselective

    Keys: death, Na'vi Lifespan, Lifespan

    Na'vi can live 30% longer than the average human but on average they die around 40. Once born, Na'vi children mature more rapidly than humans, reaching mental, physical, and cultural adulthood between the ages of 15 - 17 Terran years. Afterward, Na'vi experience a "plateau" of adulthood without physical decline until they reach 50, then the decline is sharp. After their death, a deceased Na'vi's remains are laid to rest by their clan's traditional method.

29. #29Society & Cultureselective

    Keys: Society, Clans, Culture · Secondary: gender roles

    The Na'vi live across various biomes of Pandora in territorial clan societies. They have an egalitarian social organization built around hunting, foraging, and handicraft. Common roles within a clan include hunters, gatherers, and artisans, as well as warriors; however, warriors are not called such because they fight as a career - all warriors are hunters first and foremost, and only serve as warriors when they are called upon to fight for their clan. The Na'vi do not follow stereotypical gender roles. The common roles within a clan are not divided by gender, only by ability and necessity. For example, many male Na'vi do not become warriors or hunters, only learning essential self-defense in the wilderness, and instead often choose to focus on child-rearing or crafts such as weaving. Likewise, female Na'vi are known to be active hunters and clan leaders. The arts are of vital importance in Na’vi culture, with all individuals encouraged, even socially required, to be active in music, singing, ceramics, weaving, and dance. The training for a role culminates in a rite of passage; in many clans, Iknimaya is undertaken by hunters, and Uniltaron (Dream Hunt) by all members in order to be considered an adult and permitted to choose a mate. Clans have an average of 300 members and are traditionally led by an Olo'eyktan, a central leader responsible for overseeing and giving orders to the clan, and a Tsahìk, a spiritual leader or shaman who communes with Eywa and nourishes the clan spiritually. It is traditional in certain clans for these leaders to be a mated pair, though this is not always the case. These leaders will also train an heir. The Na'vi are not materialistic by nature and they encourage sharing, so they do not possess hundreds of personal items. Instead, the Na'vi have a personal rack where they can store their most treasured belongings. By tradition, a Na'vi cannot build their own rack. Instead, they must be given one as a gift from a friend or family member.

30. #30Spirituality and Philosophyselective

    Keys: Eywa, Religion, All-Mother, Great Mother

    Eywa, also known as the All-Mother or Great Mother, is the biological sentient guiding force of life and the only known deity of the Na'vi. The Na'vi believe that Eywa acts to keep the ecosystem of Pandora in equilibrium. "Eywa connects all living things".

    Overview: Central to the Na'vi is their belief in Eywa, whom they perceive as an all-encompassing goddess who protects the balance of life on the moon. While the Na'vi celebrate, pray to, and give thanks to Eywa in many of their cultural practices, they do not worship Eywa in a conventional sense. Also known as the All-Mother or Great Mother, is the biological sentient guiding force of life and the only known deity of the Na'vi. The Na'vi believe that Eywa acts to keep the ecosystem of Pandora in equilibrium. "Eywa connects all living things". Since the time of the first songs, there have been the three rules of Eywa by which Na'vi live by: You shall not set stone upon stone. Neither shall you use the turning wheel. Nor use the metals of the ground. The Na'vi also believe that all living things have a spiritual counterpart, or animus, which is endlessly recycled into the consciousness of Eywa and then back into living matter. Unlike some religions from Earth, the Na'vi do not view Eywa as an all-powerful, world-creating deity. They also do not believe there are any other gods, spirits, or demons associated with non-living forces of the world, such as mountains, rivers, or volcanoes. The Na'vi know that natural disasters, disease, and all other natural phenomena are not the work of Eywa, but rather, are uncontrollable, worldly forces. Eywa acts only as a defender and guide of life, who helps, protects, and guides the Na'vi against such life-threatening assaults of nature.

    laws: "You shall not set stone upon stone." "Neither shall you use the turning wheel." "Nor use the metals of the ground."

31. #31Body languageselective

    Keys: Body Language · Secondary: Na'vi, oel ngati kameie

    The Na'vi do not share typical human gestures. For example, they do not nod their head to mean "yes" and they do not shake their head to mean "no". When Na'vi encounter or greet one another, they gesture with their hand from their forehead, extending one hand down toward the other. They marry this gesture with the phrase "oel ngati kameie" (I see you). When Na'vi feel as if they are going to communicate something important to other Na'vi, they have a tendency to take the listener's hand. Na'vi are also known to hiss, especially in the encounter of a human.

32. #32Matingselective

    Keys: Sex, Mating, Intercourse · Secondary: tsaheylu

    Traditionally, once a young Na'vi has passed the tests on the path to adulthood, they are allowed to choose a mate. After the mate has been chosen, the new couple mates before Eywa. Though male Na'vi typically bond with female Na'vi, same-sex couples are not uncommon. Arranged pairings occur in certain clans, especially between heirs of the clan leader and tsahìk. Once an appropriate mate has been selected, a process that can take many years, the pair will connect queues at a sacred area such as the Tree of Voices to create an emotional bond that lasts a lifetime. The intertwining of queues (tsaheylu) creates a state of unified body consciousness in which both parties access the physical sensations of the other. While not erotic when used for the control of animals, during mating it creates a heightened awareness of the other person.

33. #33Languageselective

    Keys: Na'vi Language, Language

    Na'vi speak a single unified language. The common Na'vi tongue has remained largely unchanged for thousands of years. The Na'vi language is almost entirely oral, likely because there is little for them to write when Eywa holds the memories of their ancestors, and they entrust other Na'vi to accurately deliver their messages to others. As such, they do not have a writing system, but they do use pictograms. Beside oral language, body gestures are used to communicate. Some clans have developed a sign language for underwater communication. When speaking the human language, Na'vi have a strong accent, rolling the "r" especially.

34. #34Discovery, Research and Terraformingselective

    Keys: Terraforming, Discovery, Research · Secondary: Human, Humans, Earth

    Pandora was discovered by humans using space telescopes at some point between 2050 and 2077. They were stunned by evidence of strong magnetic fields. Pandora's discovery prompted the invention of even larger space telescopes for more accurate readings. The news services would run clips of the wild scenery on Pandora and its bizarre flora and fauna, prompting many people on Earth to dream about visiting the moon, although this was mainly reserved for the hyper rich or qualified Resources Development Administration (RDA) officials. Around the year 2119, mass colonization and terraforming of Pandora began to occur by humans. While the RDA is responsible for researching Pandora and extracting resources, it also has a joint research program with the Pandoran Research Foundation. Meanwhile, the Pandora Conservation Initiative is unaffiliated with the RDA. Because humanity has ruined Earth by the 22nd century and faces extinction, Pandora is of great interest to them due to the amount of natural resources it has. The RDA has set up two major facilities on Pandora, Hell's Gate and Bridgehead.

35. #35Known Clansselective

    Keys: Windtraders, Clans · Secondary: Olangi clan, Mangkwan clan, Anurai clan, Tawkami clan, Ta'unui clan, Aranahe clan, Tipani clan, Omatikaya clan, Kame'tire clan, Metkayina clan

    Na'vi clans exist in every biome of Pandora, and each has its own unique culture, sometimes even unique physiology. Despite their differences and distance from one another, clans stay interconnected through trade and tradition.

    Clans: Anurai clan – Renowned artisans who are targeted by humans who wish to steal their artifacts. Aranahe clan - A clan of weavers that live in the Kinglor Forest. Kame'tire clan - A clan of healers who live in the Clouded Forest. Mangkwan clan – A clan close to the Omatikaya, known to be very welcoming to all who seek refuge there. Metkayina clan – Clan located on the reefs of the Pandoran ocean. Olangi clan – One of the horse clans of the plains. Omatikaya clan – A jungle-dwelling clan that lives in a Hometree, nearest to the RDA's mining operations. Ta'unui clan - A clan that lives on the Eastern Sea. Tawkami clan – A clan renowned for their knowledge of chemistry and botany. Tipani clan – One of the first to make contact with humans, renowned for their strength and use of armor. "Windtraders" - A clan of Na'vi that come from the desert who live wandering lifestyles and trade items with other clans.

    Na'vi clans exist in every biome of Pandora, and each has its own unique culture. Despite their differences and distance from one another, clans stay interconnected through trade and tradition. Although they are largely independent, different clans from distant areas will cooperate in times of great crisis Here is a liat of them. Most clans are led by a leader with the title of olo'eyktan if male and olo'eykte if female and a tsahìk who is a spiritual leader. They are distinguished by a red garment.

36. #36Avatarselective

    Keys: Avatar, Dream walker

    Avatar (na'vi call them Uniltìrantokx or “Dreamwalker) is a genetically engineered human / forest Na'vi hybrid body, designed to serve as a remotely controlled vessel for a human mind. Selected human candidates from the RDA-funded Avatar Program, known as drivers, can psionically connect with their avatar bodies, which use their human DNA as part of the genetic templates and greatly resemble the drivers' own facial features. The avatars are used to explore Pandora without needing exopacks to breathe air that would be poisonous to humans, and to more easily interact with the Na'vi natives. People do not die if their avatar dies. Avatars have 5 fingers and toes unlike na'vi that have 4. Avatsrs also lack the opposable big toes na'vi have. They also have eyebrows, smaller eyes and their noses are less flat and feline unlike na'vi Avatars display somewhat more human-like body musculature and structure than the Na'vi. ( comparing the build of an avatar to that of the Na'vi of the; avatars structure is sturdier than those of the more willowy Na'vi). The queue of an avatar starts at the base of the skull, whereas a Na'vi queue starts at the top of the skull

    Normally, to explore Pandora, genetically matched human scientists use Na'vi-human hybrids called "avatars". Avatars look a little different than normal Na'vi, since they have 5 instead of 4 fingers. An avatar is a biological shell or clone of a Na'vi-human hybrid, crafted with the combined DNA of a Na'vi and specific human volunteer. Avatars are used to help humans explore Pandora, without breathing equipment, as the atmosphere on Pandora is toxic to humans.

37. #37Tomokaya Clanselective

    Keys: Tomokaya Clan

    The clan's members share a deep connection with the forest and especially Eywa herself due to them being responsible for protecting the Tree of Souls. Two Toruk Maktos have been members of the clan. The clan is led by an Olo'eyktan(Clan Leader) and Tsahìk(the spiritual leader of a Na'vi clan), who are typically a mated pair.

    The Tomokaya Clan organizes themselves around carving or pottery, being one of the largest Clans to do so. Next to this, the Tomokaya clan builds practical items and tools for everyday survival, totemic storytelling and enjoyment. They use sustainable materials from the rainforest such as wood, minerals, gourds, reeds and plant leaves, and even the remains of deceased animals such as their bones. All members specialize in at least one craft-making skill. The clan encourages their children to make crafts with clay, shaping small figurines for themselves.

    Habitat The Tomokaya are a jungle-dwelling clan lives in one of the Hometrees. Their Hometree is over 20,000 years old and 400 meters tall. The clan makes use of all of its levels, with the deepest, underground chamber being reserved for ceremonies, the surface level for general living and gatherings, the upper chambers for cultivating hammocks to sleep on, and the canopy for sheltering the hunters' ikrans.

    The Tomokaya Clan is strictly in war with humans and the leaders dislike them.

38. #38Lifeformsselective

    Keys: Animals, Lifeforms, Creatures, fauna · Secondary: Na'vi, direhorse, thanator, viperwolves, titanotheres, Pandora, mountain banshee, leonopteryx

    There are not animals or palnts like the ones found on Earth on Pandora. Instead the only animals that should be mentioned are the following:

    Direhorse: the equivalent of a horse and the highest domesticated animal in Pandora. Thanator: the apex land predator of the. Even the Na'vi, who are renowned for their courage and skills in hunting, are shaken by the approach of the creature even though few are able to make tsahelu and ride them.

    Viperwolf: a land predator that are hunting in groups.

    Hammerhead titanothe: a giant herbivore yet aggressive creature.

    Mountain Banshees: large, dragon-like aerial predators that can be riden by na'vi.

    Forest Banshees: they are like mountain banshees, except significally maller than the mountain banshees.

    The Great Leonopteryx: large, is an even larger dragon-like aerial predator, the apex predator of the whole jungle. Its name in Na'vi means the last shadow for it is the last shadow you'll ever see.

    Hexapedes: small deer-like herbivore creatures, a common pray for predators and na'vi.

    Strumbeast: larger hormed herbivore creatures, found in packs, larger than direhorses but smaller tham hammerheads.

    Overview: Due to Pandora's lower gravity, most creatures on Pandora are hexapods (six-legged), although the Na'vi resemble humans and have only four limbs. Creatures roam the air and forest canopy below, similar to Earth's animals, but on a scale several times larger. One of the most domesticated creatures on Pandora is the direhorse, a gray-skinned, hexapodal herbivorous animal with bioluminescent qualities that the Na'vi ride when hunting, similar to the human usage of horses. The Na'vi also ride the mountain banshee to hunt from the air, but the hunter can become prey in the presence of the great leonopteryx. In the canopy below, other deadly yet exotic wild animals roam: vicious packs of viperwolves, thick skinned hammerhead titanotheres and the most fearsome predatory animal of all, the thanator.

39. #39Plantsselective

    Keys: Plants, flora · Secondary: Na'vi, trees, pandora

    Overview: Other than the richness of varying colors, the trees resemble those of Earth. They have the familiar trunks, branches and leaves, though due to the difference in gravity, many of the shapes appear strange to humans and the proportions are greater because of the lower gravity. The trees and plant life of Pandora have formed electrochemical connections between their roots and effectively act as neurons, creating a moon-wide "brain" that has achieved sentience, which is known to the Na'vi as Eywa. Pandora's wildlife also has bioluminescent qualities. Pandora looks like a lush paradise by Earth standards during the day, but at night, virtually all life on the moon exhibits bioluminescent qualities in various shades of blue, purple and green. This possibly explains the Na'vi's blue skin color, which most likely provides them better camouflage at night on Pandora.

40. #40Atmosphereselective

    Keys: Atmosphere · Secondary: humans

    Overview: Pandora's atmosphere is a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide (>18%), xenon (>5.5%), methane, and hydrogen sulfide (>1%) and is about 20% denser than the atmosphere on Earth primarily due to the high percentage of Xenon; a heavy, colourless, odourless, and generally unreactive noble gas. The high concentration of carbon dioxide in the Pandoran atmosphere makes it extremely unbreathable for humans, rendering them unconscious in about 20 seconds and causing death in about 4 minutes when they venture out unprotected by specialized breathing masks. The hydrogen sulfide present is also quite hazardous; concentrations over 1000 ppm (0.1 %) can cause immediate collapse with subsequent loss of breathing, even after inhalation of a single breath. For Pandoran's the atmosphere is not a problem, since its their living standard.

41. #41Day-Night Cycleselective

    Keys: Day-Night Cycle

    Pandora receives significant light from Alpha Centauri B (ACB). As a result, Pandoran nights are never dark during half of the Polyphemian year, but instead are more like Earthly dusk. At the closest point in its orbit, ACB is about 2,300 times as bright as Earth's full moon; at its furthest point, it is still one hundred and seventy times as bright. During the other half of the year when ACB is in the daytime sky, many Pandoran nights are illuminated by both Polyphemus's huge disk and the reflected light from other nearby moons. Truly dark nights are uncommon. Polyphemus occasionally eclipses ACB at night for about one hundred minutes, but the light reflected by the planet still keeps the night from being dark.

42. #42Surface Featuresselective

    Keys: Volcanos, Surface Features · Secondary: geysers, Pandora, hot springs

    Pandora's land-to-water ratio is greater than Earth's, but because the land area is broken up into a larger number of smaller continents, no land area is as far from the ocean as on Earth. The moderating influence of oceans reduces extremes in temperature. Pandora is more volcanically active than Earth. There are vents both on the land and under the oceans. Many of the mountains and other surface features are of recent volcanic origin. Numerous hot springs and geysers dot the landscape, and there are several rivers that are almost boiling at the place where they erupt from underground aquifers. All of these serve to maintain the local concentrations of hydrogen sulfide gas deadly to humans.

43. #43Geographyselective

    Keys: Geography · Secondary: ocean, forests, pandora, mountains, plains, desert, Omatikaya clan, volcanoes

    The terrain on Pandora differs somewhat from place to place, as do the Na'vi clans that inhabit them. The humans have settled in the forest region which is home to the Omatikaya clan. There are different ecosystems within each region, and many species such as the mountain banshee are present over a much wider range of biomes than their name would suggest. The Pandoran surface features forests, mountains, volcanoes, plains (savanna), and oceans. A desert also exists in Anurai mythology. Like on Earth, the forests of Pandora contain a wide diversity of flora and fauna. These are all part of the giant neural network that covers Pandora. The forests are full of bioluminescent life that glows in shades of blue, green, indigo and violet during the night.

44. #44Natural Resourcesselective

    Keys: Natural Resources · Secondary: Unobtanium

    Pandora is a treasure trove of both living and nonliving natural resources. It is the first celestial body to host intelligent sentient lifeforms away from Earth and is also home to a plethora of diverse and spectacular species unlike anything ever speculated by humanity. In terms of nonliving resources, several large areas of the moon's surface contain the extremely rare superconducting mineral unobtanium. This mineral is worth twenty million standard dollars per unrefined kilogram and twice that in its refined state. The mineral's superconductivity makes it a baffling scientific discovery.

45. #45Recombinant

    Keys: Recom, avatar, Recombinant

    A Recombinant, or Recom, is a fully sentient human/Na'vi hybrid soldier embedded with the recorded memories and personality traits of an individual human, and thus does not need to be remotely driven from a link unit like an avatar. The 1st Recom Unit are the RDA's SecOps primary "muscle" and special operations forces group, taking orders directly from the highest ranks of the RDA and assisting in any extraordinary circumstances. History: Creation: The Recom Program, known as "Project Phoenix", was launched immediately after the RDA's defeat and expulsion from Pandora in 2154, in preparation for a second invasion to re-establish the resource mining/colonizing operations on the exo-moon. The first operational cohort of Recombinants are those implanted with the backup memories of SecOps private military contractors who were killed in action during the Assault on the Tree of Souls. Most of them were battle-hardened marine veterans on Earth who signed up to be contractors due to economic hardships. Colonel Miles Quaritch, the Recom commander, was formerly the chief of security at the RDA mining base Hell's Gate, who had his memories backed up at the insistence of Parker Selfridge merely hours before his human body was killed during the brutal fight with Jake Sully and Neytiri. After waking for his second life as a Recom, he had gladly accepted the mission to hunt down the Sully family and devoted himself to vengeance against Jake and Neytiri. Corporal Lyle Wainfleet serves as the Recom team leader under Quaritch,[4] and was formerly a SecOps AMP team leader who was killed by a hammerhead titanothere stampede during the ground assault on the Tree of Souls. Pandoran War (2169 - 2170) One year after the RDA's return to Pandora and the construction of Bridgehead, Quartich, Wainfleet, and several other Recombinants arrived on Pandora where they were tasked by Frances Ardmore to help battle an insurgency waged by the Omatikaya clan, which hindered the efforts for the RDA's colonization of Pandora. As the Recombinants were better for infiltration, Ardmore tasked them with killing Jake Sully. The Recom Squad eventually reached the battlefield, where Quartich discovered the remains of his human body after his fight with Jake and the circumstances of his death by Neytiri. The squad also found and subdued the Sully children and Miles Socorro, an orphaned human boy who happened to be Quartich's biological son. By nightfall, the Sully children were saved by Jake and Neytiri, who managed to kill several Recombinants, although Spider was taken to Bridgehead by Quartich and the remaining Recombinants for interrogation. Description: Recombinants are roughly identical to regular avatars, possessing both Na'vi- and human-like physical traits. The key differences is that Recoms are not psionically driven by a human, but instead have backup memories and identities of human candidates directly uploaded into their consciousness through the use of a special link device known as a Soul Drive.[5] This makes them fully autonomous beings and essentially genetically modified clones of their former human selves, inheriting the memories (up to the time of the backup), skills and personalities developed during that human's prior lifetime.[6] Recom soldiers are known as "Recombinant warriors" or simply "Recom warriors".[7] Thanks to their Na'vi physiology, Recom warriors are able to move about Pandora largely without being detected as a foreign threat to Eywa, and can avoid triggering its "immune response" in which Eywa sends her wildlife after them. They also possess queues, which allows them to access the moon's neural network and even tame Pandoran animals (such as banshees and direhorses) via Tsaheylu, thus eliminating the need for vehicular deployment and making them even better infiltrators. Recoms must take sips of CO2 to breathe in human buildings using this device Like the Na'vi and avatars, Recoms are able to operate within human-air facilities; however, due to the lower carbon dioxide levels compared to that of the Pandoran atmosphere, Recoms must take "sips" of supplementary carbon dioxide every minute or two from the AAS-RO2 Atmos Adaptation System. Equipment: Like human soldiers or marines, Recoms are equipped with military-grade gears to enhance their survival in the hostile Pandoran environment. Many Recoms, particularly those from the 1st Recom Squad, prefer to wear polarized sunglasses in keeping with habits from their previous human life as army commandos and reconnaissance marines. Compared to the average Na'vi warriors, Recoms benefit from their communication, detection and weapon technologies, as well as better training and expertise in special operations tactics inherited from their backup memories. Most of the infantry weapons used by Recoms are shareable with Skel Suits, which are designed to the similar sizes and have movement speeds matching those of avatars and the Na'vi. These weapons, many of which have gunship-grade firepower, are far more effective in achieving fire superiority against the common Na'vi battle arrows.

46. #46Ikran

    Keys: Ikran, Banshee, Moutain Banshee

    Mountain banshees (Na'vi name: ikran) are large, dragon-like aerial predators that are native to Pandora. They can be found roosting on the various cliff sides on the Hallelujah Mountains. Use by the Na'vi Many Na'vi clans utilize the mountain banshee in numerous ways. They use them for traveling long distances, for hunting from the air, or even during times of war (as seen during the Pandoran War). Na'vi have been taming banshees for thousands of years. In Na'vi Culture Bonding with a banshee and becoming an Ikran Makto is a dangerous and required rite of passage for Na'vi warriors in some clans, including the Omatikaya. Like the direhorse, a Na'vi can connect to a banshee through a neural interface that allows animal and rider to move with apparent effortlessness through the skies. The first ikran makto was Taronyu, a Na'vi of the Kekunan Clan. After eight days studying an individual banshee, he was able to bond it and name it Rotalyu[1]. Unlike the direhorse, however, the banshee will only bond with one Na'vi in its lifetime. A rider can bond with a new banshee should the previous one die, as was the case after Neytiri's first mount Seze was killed during the Assault on the Tree of Souls; it remains unknown whether the same applies to a banshee that has lost its rider. Catch In Na'vi culture, taming a banshee is a test every young hunter has to pass. The mountain banshee rookery is high in the Hallelujah Mountains. The largest rookery, which features the largest specimens (and therefore the best to tame for riding), is in grottoes and outcrops on the sheer cliff faces of Mons Veritatis, one of the largest of the floating mountains. It is here that the Na'vi come to select (and be selected by) a banshee for domestication. The bonded mountain banshees nest in the highest branches of Hometree, where they can be close at hand for their Na'vi rider. Omatikaya Clan In the case of the Omatikaya clan, when a Na'vi is ready to tame their own banshee, most of the time accompanied by other hunters, they go on a hike to the Hallelujah Mountains, which takes them directly to the banshee's colony. The journey itself is an ordeal, during which you have to climb, balance and jump, always careful not to fall from a great height. Once they reach the colony, they must choose their own banshee. The Na'vi believe that the banshee itself also chooses a warrior. While most banshees simply fly away, the one who has made its choice manifests it by first showing aggression and then trying to throw the warrior off or just kill them at all costs. If both coincide, the hunter must connect their neural queue with that of the animal and thus perform the Tsaheylu. Since this is rarely done peacefully, it is sometimes necessary to immobilize the banshee. Wrapping a Banshee Catcher around its mouth can simplify the task. Once the bond is formed, the rider and their banshee take their first flight together, sealing and solidifying their bond. Tayrangi Clan The Tayrangi Clan, also known as the Ikran People of the East Sea, placed the nightmare of the mountain at the center of their culture. They are their totem animal, and each member of the clan has fraternized with their own ikran. Riding banshees is their specialty, that is, fishing, for which they dive on the back of their ikran into the depths of the sea. Kekunan Clan The Kekunan Clan is the second of two known clans that specialize in banshee riding; their riding skills are said to be the most advanced of all the clans. Kekunan is known for his signature banshee toys, which are brightly colored and whose main purpose is to familiarize Na'vi children with the prospect of taming the banshee and then fraternizing with it. Also, the first banshee rider comes from this clan. Tipani Clan Canonicity Notice The contents of this section are non-canon to the Avatar franchise. The Tipani practice customs similar to that of the Omatikaya, and it is the duty of each member of the clan to fraternize with the ikrans. Their Iknimaya ritual, however, takes place in the region of the same name, and the banshees they tame nest in a place called Ayawa Ikran. Biology Though reptilian in appearance, the banshee has a bird-like metabolism which generates tremendous heat. The banshee has a complex cooling system to keep it from overheating during strenuous flying. The respiratory system is vital to this cooling. The air inlets, or spiracles, face forward at the front of the chest cavity much like the air intakes of a modern fighter jet. Induction of air is controlled by a cartilaginous operculum, or flap-valve. The banshee lung is a bellows-like structure, inflated by rib movement, but unlike the lungs of terrestrial animals, it has unidirectional flow, venting aft through gill-like slits. Seze(g).Hometree.screencap Neytiri pets Seze, her ikran The banshee has two primary eyes which see in full color in roughly the same spectrum as human vision. Aft of the primary eyes are smaller secondary eyes, which can move independently or together with the primaries. They see in near infrared, for night hunting. Additionally, these secondary eyes are also highly sensitive to motion, and act as an early warning system against attack from the rear. All four eyes are protected by lids and by transparent nictitating membranes, much like an eagle's eye. Forward of the primary eyes are lines of sensor pits. These are thought to provide airflow information in flight, like a pitot tube on an airplane. Another hypothesis is that they are sensitive to sound, and have a role in echolocation. It is advised to never look directly into other's ikran's eyes, which most likely causes the ikran to feel threatened and thus make it prone to aggression. Like many of Pandora's creatures, the banshee also has a remarkably strong cell structure. This structure, which is a biologically produced carbon-fiber, makes their bones much lighter and stronger than any organic Terran equivalent. This in turn allows them to generate more power and lift with every flap, power which is necessary in the dense atmosphere of Pandora. The biochemistry of their muscle tissue allows them to generate nearly twice the force per pound of muscle as terrestrial flying animals such as bats and birds. This, again, generates tremendous metabolic heat. The hollow bones are connected to the bellows-like lung, and cooling air moves through the long bones of the fore and aft wings. The mountain banshee (like its smaller cousin, the forest banshee) is highly adapted for flight. Specially developed muscles attached to the breastbone allow for the powerful strokes needed to achieve lift. Xenobiologists continue to study the aerodynamics of the banshee. It is believed that all of Pandora's flying animals take advantage of gravity that is lower than Earth's and the increased air density, (which requires more force to displace with the downward/rearward stroke of their wings, and thus gives the animal's body more impetus with each flap). The downside is that the denser air is harder to move through, and requires highly-efficient streamlining to achieve high flight speeds. Unlike most other creatures in Pandora they have only four limbs, all of which are modified into wings (unlike their cousin the great leonopteryx) which might suggest a life mainly in flight, only landing to feed their young. It also suggests that prey will be smaller airborne creatures or possibly creatures perched high in the trees as they could not grab on to something while in flight, as seen in Earth eagles (and the Great Leonopteryx). The wings have a claw or finger that is used to cling on to cliffs and to "walk" on flat ground, using the talons on both front and hind wings to clamber along similar to an Earth bat. All in all, they are not as agile on the ground as in the air. Their leathery skin has a wide range of complex color schemes. Some banshees have been seen which display only two colors. Since the color concentration is mainly on the back of the animals, it is assumed that the colors are for mating display. Both male and females display these complex patterns of colors. All flying animals on Pandora, including banshees, are thought to have evolved from sea creatures because of their fish-like jaw structures. Despite their nature as flying creatures, banshees are fully capable of diving and swimming effectively underwater. The wings of a banshee are shaped like a mixture of Terran bird and bat wings. The arm ends with four "fingers" with membranes and a thumb forming a claw like a bat. The first three fingers, however, are separate from the main membrane and from the fore-wings. Each large fore-wing has three primary vanes at its tip. These form like the wings of a dragonfly, by the extrusion of a resin into the veins of a flexible membrane, which unfurls, then cures in the sun into a rigid transparent vane. These vanes are replaced through molting. The vanes function similarly to the feather structures of Terran birds. They are designed to let air pass between them easily for upstrokes and partially overlap to block the air and provide a greater upstroke for downstrokes. The partially overlapping wing design possibly serves to increase the buoyancy in still flight. They are also quite robust structures designed to fold inward if the wingtips hit tree limbs or other obstacles. The banshee also has a deep flight keel protruding from the chest between the fore-wings. This keel acts as both a stabilizer, by virtue of its mass, and as an anchor, allowing the flight muscles to generate additional leverage by anchoring them further from the tip. The smaller hind wing, or horizontal stabilizers, play a dual role in banshee flight. In level flight, when large amounts of power are not required, the creature propels itself with the fore-wing and uses the "stabs" as a tail-plane, for altitude control. When more lift is needed, for take-off and climbing, or escape from an aerial predator such as the leonopteryx, the "stabs" becomes additional wings, flapping to provide propulsion. The stabs are capable of coordinated and uncoordinated operations. This provides both elevation and roll control to the creature just like 21st century fighter aircraft. The stabs are also formed from its hind legs – due to their almost entirely airborne life, the rear limbs have evolved to a more useful role. The steering vane under the banshee’s lower jaw and the feather-like fan at the tip of the tail provide additional turning authority for high performance aerobatics. The banshee is highly maneuverable and can dive at speeds close to 140 knots. Communication: The banshees are social animals, and communicate frequently, generating quite a din at rookeries and other communal areas. Banshees were so named because of their piercing signature cry. This is only one of the banshee's many vocalizations and is thought to be a distant call defining territory. Other vocalizations include a warning hiss, which is part of an overall threat display posture, and a short sharp shriek which denotes stress or fear. There are also warning sounds, and other stress vocalizations, as well as more guttural vocalizations associated with social grooming and contentment. The banshee emits sound from its head, using the open mouth to focus the direction. However, it does not have a trachea in its neck, since it breathes directly into the chest cavity. It has instead, a tube running from the lungs up into the head which pumps air through the vocal organ, the syrinx. Chambers in the head amplify the sound before it is emitted into the mouth cavity for directional aiming. Some banshee vocalizations are emitted directly from the resonating cavity, when the mouth is closed.

47. #47The great leonopteryx

    Keys: great beast, The great leonopteryx, Toruk

    The great leonopteryx (Na'vi name: toruk meaning "last shadow") is a species of large flying animal native to Pandora, and is the apex aerial predator of the Pandoran sky. Scientifically, it is known as Leonopteryx rex – "winged king lion" (leon- from the Greek word λέων, meaning "lion"; -pteryx from Greek word πτέρυξ, meaning "wing"; and the Latin word rex, meaning "king"). The fierce magnificence and formidable stature of the great leonopteryx gave the species a central place in Na'vi lore and culture. It is celebrated in dance, song, and with elaborate totems that symbolize both the fear and respect given to the creature. Indeed, the great leonopteryx is crucial to the Na'vi's sense of destiny and interconnectedness. This creature's name in Na'vi translates roughly to "last shadow", as its preferred method of attack is from above, with its shadow being the last thing its victim sees (and once they do it is already too late). The great leonopteryx is hypercarnivorous, feeding on mainly mountain and forest banshees, and occasionally on medusae. Under the rainforest canopy, the great leonopteryx will sometimes feed on ground animals such as hexapedes. It is a solitary creature and has no known natural enemies. Anatomy: The great leonopteryx is closely related to the banshee, with many similarities and differences. The great leonopteryx is primarily colored red and yellow, with black stripes and blue crests on the top of the head and under its lower jaw, though the crests can be albinistic or green. The crest on its head is razor sharp and can be used to injure or disembowel prey, or cut vegetation obstructing flight. The great leonopteryx also has a large brain cavity, flexible, membranous wings stretched taut over a carbon fiber bone structure, powerful talons for grasping prey and perching, twin tails for flight control, flow-through ventilation for high performance, and large hooked claws. The great leonopteryx has powerful jaws which can open at a wide angle, capable of cleaving a mountain banshee in half. Despite their superior binocular vision, they are unable to see directly above them, most likely due to the protective brow ridges above their eyes. Being the apex aerial predator of Pandora, this is not a problem for the great leonopteryx, as it has no need to watch for attackers. However, this weakness is exploited by Jake Sully, who jumps from his banshee from above the unaware great leonopteryx and tames it through tsaheylu. The wingspan of the great leonopteryx is more than 25 meters (75–80 ft.). It can even exceed 30 meters. Its wings are composed of individual finned members that can separate to act as a slotted airfoil, or overlap and seal to form a solid surface. When separated, they can rotate individually to induce or retard vortex formation. These finned members are not unlike the primary feathers of many terran birds. The fiber composite bones help the animal to achieve flight through the dense Pandoran atmosphere, as with other flying animals of Pandora. Unlike its smaller cousins, the banshees, it retains all six limbs, with its middle pair of legs serving as the "stabs" and its rearmost pair have taloned feet which are used for grabbing prey while diving or to provide a stronger kick while taking off. The great leonopteryx has four large yellow eyes with black pupils. The two main eyes are in the front of the skull, and the two others are located near the rectangular antenna bases. Due to its size, the great leonopteryx would not be a dense jungle hunter like banshees, but would have very little trouble on the plains or near cliffs or mountains, where it could feed on mid-sized animals or banshees. It also has what appear to be two rather short tails. These may simply be extensions of the rear fins. The function of these is unclear, it may be to increase agility or perhaps play a role in display. Habitat, Mating and Encounters: The great leonopteryx are difficult to locate. This fact is exacerbated by the associated risk with trying to locate the resting place of such a massive, dangerous animal. However, some have been sighted in the Hallelujah Mountains. Members of the species mate for life and breed once every two years. Primarily, the great leonopteryx travels alone and occasionally in pairs. However, unlike the mountain banshee, they have never been observed in a swarm, or any other forms of high concentration. They hatch from eggs; Seyvaro once told a story about a great leonopteryx eating a young Na'vi for stealing one. Although great leonopteryx are wary of encountering their own kind, it is documented that a team of avatars observed a battle between two great leonopteryx in the space of 3 hours. The battle ended when both fell to the forest floor from their mortal wounds and were believed to have been dispatched by a large pack of viperwolves. Jake Sully about to land on a Leonopteryx In Na'vi culture, those who are successful in making tsaheylu with the great leonopteryx are given the title of Toruk Makto, which translates as "Rider of Last Shadow". Toruk Makto is, to the Na'vi, a mythical hero who leads the people to victory during times of great sorrow. Neytiri tells Jake that all Na'vi know the story of Toruk Makto, which would explain why the clan is instantly reverent of Jake when he returns to the Omatikaya clan, bonded to a great leonopteryx. At the time of Jake Sully's introduction to the Omatikaya, no Na'vi had accomplished this for four generations and only five have managed that feat since the time of the First Songs. Jake becomes the sixth person to bond with the creature, which re-earns him the respect and trust of the Omatikaya clan, who had previously viewed him as a traitor. As Toruk Makto, he leads the Na'vi into battle against the RDA and, after a fierce fight with many losses on both sides, the Na'vi emerge victorious. After banishing the humans from Pandora, Jake releases the leonopteryx back into the wild, as the mythical Toruk Makto was no longer needed.

48. #48Forest Banshee

    Keys: Forest Banshee, ikranay

    The forest banshee (Na'vi name: ikranay) is a bird-like, aerial creature native to Pandora. It is the smaller cousin of the mountain banshee. Its natural habitat is the upper and lower canopies of the rainforest, as well as rookeries that are located on cliffs and mesas of the mountainous regions of Pandora. The forest banshee has obsidian-like teeth, a total of four wings (two aft), and bones comprised of biologically produced carbon fiber composite. The forest banshee is an aerial carnivorous predator, usually feeding on smaller rainforest creatures such as the stingbat and the prolemuris. The forest banshee, although smaller than the mountain banshee and lacking the size required to support a Na'vi rider, is still a feared predator. Forest banshees usually hunt alone, but can migrate in large flocks spread out in a wide, loose pattern. Reasoning for this behavior is not readily understood. Like a Terran reef shark, the forest banshee may size up potential large prey, but will seldom attack anything close to its size, as it prefers smaller forest animals. A banshee will make an exception in order to defend itself, or when it finds large prey in distress. Furthermore, like Terran reef sharks, forest banshees will congregate to feed and, if necessary, will fight one another for their portion of food. The creature shares the same basic anatomical advantages as the mountain banshee: strong carbon fiber bones, specialized flight muscles and a stiff torso to support its wings. It can also make subtle adjustments to its flight altitude and speed with an articulated tail tip that can flare or remain tucked to decrease aerodynamic resistance.

49. #49Rainforest clans

    Keys: Rainforest clans, Omotikaya, Kekunan, Olangi, Tawkami, Tipani

    Omotikaya: (also known as Blue Flute Clan) Located in the Rainforest Jungle near Hell's Gate. Their totem animal is the Toruk. Their olo'eyktan was Eytukan until his death at August 20, 2154, then Tsu'tey until his death August 22, 2154, then Jake Sully until his flee at from August 22, 2154 - 2170 and then Tarsem. Their Tsahìk is Mo'at with Sylwanin being tsakarem until her death at 2152, and Neytiri after her. The clan's members share a deep connection with the forest and especially Eywa herself due to them being responsible for protecting the Tree of Souls. Three Toruk Maktos have been members of the clan, most notably Jake Sully, the sixth Toruk Makto, and Entu, the first. The clan is led by an Olo'eyktan and Tsahìk, who are typically a mated pair. They live in an ancient Hometree which was 20,000 years old and 300 meters until its destruction at 2150.The clan made use of all of its levels, with the deepest, underground chamber being reserved for ceremonies, the surface level for general living and gatherings as well as housing the mother loom and Toruk Makto totem, the upper chambers for cultivating hammocks to sleep on, and the canopy for sheltering the hunters' ikrans. After the Omatikaya's ancestral hometree was destroyed, Jake Sully temporarily relocated the clan to a living area near Hell's Gate while the clan waited to claim a new hometree for themselves.As of 2170, the clan lives in High Camp. the Omatikaya are renowned for their brilliant textiles and weaving skills. They sre expert weavers. Thus, the loom plays a key role in the daily life of the clan with the largest one being massive and is given a place of honor in the common area of Hometree. The clan encourages their children to make crafts (such as toy banshees) based on animals they see in the forest to help them understand their functions and forms. Music is of great importance to the clan, more so than any other, hence the clan being named after their most incredible and elusive instrument, the Blue Flute. When prospective hunters reach a certain age, they must perform Iknimaya, a rite of passage in which a young Na'vi must climb up into the Hallelujah Mountains to find an ikran. Through tsaheylu, the initiate creates a lifelong bond with it. Not all Omatikaya clan members practice this rite because not all clan members are hunters. To be considered an "adult" member of the clan, initiates must complete Uniltaron (Dream Hunt) in which the Na'vi hallucinate due to venom being injected into their body. The purpose of this is so that they can receive spiritual wisdom and discover their their spirit animal. After this, the initiate is accepted by the clan as one of the People and is allowed to carve a bow from a branch of the Hometree. The new clan member may also choose a mate and craft and wear a cumberbund. When a member of the clan dies, the Omatikaya dig a hole near the roots of Hometree and place the deceased inside. The friends and family of the deceased line the grave with flowers and a Woodsprite is placed over them, along with their songcord. Some of the earliest Omatikaya tales speak of Entu, the first-ever Toruk Makto who, with his friends Ralu and Tsyal, tamed the beast in order to save the Tree of Souls from destruction. The Omatikaya were the first clan to make contact with humans and established peaceful negotiations with them. However, tensions formed due to the organizations more harmful practices to the environment, one of them being the mining of a mineral known as unobtanium which the RDA had largely been in pursuit of. The clan was against this goal since it violated the Three Laws of Eywa. Even so, the Omatikaya did not interfere and interactions went on with Grace Augustine having founded a schoolhouse in 2142, to teach the clan English and strengthen diplomatic ties. Sadly, tragedy occurred sometime later when security forces disastrously killed a number of the students in response to them attacking and destroying RDA equipment. Among the fatalities was Sylwanin, the daughter of Mo'at and Eytukan and the tsahìk-in-training. Following this, the Omatikaya severed all peaceful relations they had with the RDA and conflicts continued to increase until both sides were on the brink of war. Relations briefly improved after the clan accepted Jake Sully who had been sent in a final diplomatic attempt by the RDA. Their ancestral Hometree unfortunately resided over one of the largest deposits of unobtanium which was why the RDA needed them to move. After negotiations failed between the RDA and the Omatikaya, the former shifted to more forceful means. In an attempt to make the clan leave, non-lethal teargas canisters were deployed first, but this led to retaliation and the Hometree subsequently was destroyed with incendiary missiles. Numerous Omatikaya were killed and the survivors were forced to take shelter at the Tree of Souls. With the start of all out war, the Omatikaya clan together with other clans, Jake Sully, and like-minded humans rallied against the RDA. Meanwhile, the organization planned to destroy the Tree of Souls in a preemptive strike to stop this uprising. With the aid of the Pandoran wildlife, the sacred site was successfully defended, and most of the RDA were expelled from Pandora. About two weeks after the battle, Jake Sully set up a temporary home near Hell's Gate so the Na'vi and humans could grow closer and learn to coexist, and the remaining humans help heal some members who were badly injured in the battle. 16 years later the RDA returned. in 2170, having ensured everyone's safety, the Omatikaya clan engaged the RDA in organized guerilla warfare under Jake and Neytiri's leadership, targeting and destroying their supply lines. Although the RDA suspected that the Omatikaya clan's new location was somewhere in the Hallelujah Mountains, they were unable to find the camp as Eywa's "immune system" would cause the banshees in the area to attack the RDA's aircraft after a short amount of time. Miles Quaritch and his recom squad were ordered to track down the location of the base and kill Jake Sully, as it was theorized their Pandoran bodies would not trigger the immune response. The squad captured Spider and interrogated him on the whereabouts of Jake Sully and the Omatikaya clan, but Spider did not reveal it. Knowing that Quaritch was a threat to his family and the entire clan, and fearing that Spider might reveal the location of the High Camp, Jake Sully convinced Neytiri to flee the forest. He relinquished leadership of the clan to Tarsem, a young but extremely wise warrior. The transfer of power took place at the Tree of Souls, and immediately after the ceremony, the family traveled to the Metkayina clan village of Awa'atlu several hundred kilometers away. Other known members: Anuk (male, young hunter killed at schoolhouse), Neytep (young hunter killed at schoolhouse), Ninat (female, best singer of the clan), Peyral (female), Ka'ani (male, Tsu'tey's apprentice), Saeyla (female, Tsu'tey's apprentice, had a crush on him), Takuk (male, Tsu'tey's apprentice), Atan (male, Tsu'tey's apprentice), Maru (female, Tsu'tey's apprentice), Kamun (Eytukan's father), Arsut (Tsu'tey's mother, now exiled), Ateyo (Eytukan's father, now exiled), Avrok (Tsu'tey's brother, now exiled), Nekawn (female, student of Grace), Yeyongo (female mother), Popiti (female, Tsu'tey's friend)

    Anurai: Located in Bone Sanctuar. Their totem animal is the Thanator. Their tsahìk is Tiali. The Anurai clan is a noble Na'vi clan, renowned as meticulous artisans and craftsmen. They are the targets of heavy violence by members of the Resources Development Administration who wish to steal their artifacts, due to their value on Earth's black market. The Anurai are master artisans and craftspeople; they are particularly adept at making bone tools and artwork. They spare no detail when working on their creations, drawing on the materials around them. A masterful balance of spirit and ingenuity has set them apart from the other clans. Wild imagination and visionary prowess guide them to scavenge the vast bone-littered land in which they live, while some artisans even travel the world in search of new materials. Both playful and musical, they specialize in fashioning instruments from the bones of animals long laid to rest. Using these and whatever other materials they may find, the Anurai continuously invent and create beautiful objects such as necklaces and sculptures.The tsahìk of the clan traditionally wears a highly intricate and beautifully detailed beaded headdress. Such jewelry is a defining aspect of Anurai culture. The majority of the Anurai live near the bone sanctuary, a bone-littered, arid valley filled with the skeletal remains of Pandora's animals. Water is plentiful and caves are abundant and suitable for living. Some Anurai venture further to explore and find materials for their crafts. Approximately 3,000 years before humans arrived on Pandora, the Anurai clan participated in the events that led Entu to become the first Toruk Makto. Entu, along with his companions, Ralu and Tsyal, spent the night in the Anurai clan's territory to rest. While sleeping, the Anurai clan performed their ritual of constructing a thanator totem; this caused nightmares for Entu, whose parents had been killed by a thanator. The following morning, the young Na'vi found one of five artifacts needed to summon a toruk under the thanator totem: a Musical bone crafted by the Anurai, believed to have the ability to summon the toruk when played. Later, when lava flooded the vicinity of the Tree of Souls, the Anurai clan joined the Omatikaya clan and helped them stop the flow of lava by releasing a stream of water. Since the arrival of humans, the Anurai clan has been the target of violence from humans trying to steal the clan's artifacts to sell them on Earth's black market. In 2158, So'lek visited the clan. He learned how to make his own flute for weeks, until he tamed a thanator that he saved from another's attack and the clan congratulated him on his achievement. Tiali, the tsahìk of the clan offered him a place with the Anurai, but So'lek refused, knowing that he needed to continue the mission Hawnutu'un had given him. So'lek left and thanked Entok for his teachings before continuing into the desert. Known members are: Tiali (female, the tsahìk), Ahulang (male, artisan who collects bones), Rai'uk (male warrior), Kyuna (Rai'uk's sister), Entok (male, old hunter who sticks to tradition), Kiralu (Entok's daughter who likes to forage), Morang (female, dancer and deadly hunter), Swin'ara (wild Na'vi who feels more at home with beasts, Viperwolfs are her friends), Tsu'mong (male, revenge-obsessed warrior and one of the most experienced direhorse riders), Ukawla (female, old forager usually found in the bone graveyard sanctuary), Ninang (former olo'eyktan's son and responsible for safety of the lands), Tal'an (male, stargazer), Liani (Zureyn's daughter), Tsnu'u (tsakarem), Etrasan, Urtek (male), Zureyn (male)

    Kekunan: located in Deep jungle, neighboring that of the Tawkami Clan. They are considered to have a greater skill at banshee riding than any other clan. They are known for their fast reflexes, cool composure and courageous heart that are all required to tame such a beast. The Kekunan are excellent aerial hunters, often doing so hundreds of meters off the ground. They wear bright, boisterous colors, which is symbolic of their tribute and confidence with the creatures that sustain their way of life. The Kekunan love nothing more than to leap and dance from one floating mountain to another and urge others to further feats of daring. Their children begin learning the skills behind banshee riding at a very early age, using toy banshees as educational tools to demonstrate physics and maneuvers. The Banshee Catcher, used by other clans including the Omatikaya, has its origins in Kekunan legend, as an invention of the first banshee rider Taronyu (male). Back to the Time of the First Songs, the Kekunan clan was also one of the few clans involved in the time of the first Toruk Makto. The arrival of Entu, Ralu and Tsyal to the clan, they showed the chief the Toruk talisman and that they are in search of artifacts necessary to tame the Great Leonopteryx, being the only clan that believes in the prophecy, he gave the young men a horseman's mask and decided to help them locate the Toruk by taking them to the Hallelujah Mountains where it lives. When lava began to destroy the sacred Tree of Souls, the Kekunan joined the other clans to help save the tree.

    Olangi: (also known as Horse clan of the Plains). Located in Plains. Their totem animal was the direhorse and their olo'eyktan was Akwey. A nomadic Na'vi group who, like other horse clans of the plain, the clan specialized in cavalry, utilizing direhorses. They were among several horse clans of the plain. The clan's movement is based on following game during its seasonal migratory patterns. They live in the shade of the massive trees that number the plain, making homes that are thought to be wicker huts, made from long grasses or wood, with fires in the center. The Olangi clan highly values the freedom this nomadic lifestyle allows them, seeing it as a privilege and a birthright to have the chance to spiritually "see" much of Pandora. Above all other horse clans of the plain, they're seen as premier direhorse riders. When summoned by Jake Sully as Toruk Makto, they assisted in the defense of the Tree of Souls during the final battle in Avatar. They played an important role in the conflict as cavalry, essentially attempting to halt the advance of RDA AMP suits and infantry units. They were supported by Norm Spellman in his avatar form, and later in his human form, who helped to direct the ground assault by keeping in contact with Jake Sully using a throat microphone. The clan sustained heavy casualties through the course of the battle, and though the exact number is unknown, it was greater than any other clan present at the battle. The survivors of the battle were absorbed into the Omatikaya Clan. Over a decade after the battle, Akwey stated that he is the only warrior left of his clan, which consisted largely of elderly Na'vi and children. Norm mated with one of the Olangi women who were absorbed into the Omatikaya clan. Other known members are: Eykang (male outrider), Omleki (male who gotadopted by the clan).

    Tawkami:(translated as: Sky Seer clan) a Na'vi clan that resides peacefully deep in the wild Pandoran jungle. The clan has long watched over Eywa's ecosystem with a careful eye to maintain the balance and is known for its persistent quest for knowledge and lorekeeping. The Tawkami are highly studious and well known amongst other clans for being the most knowledgeable on Pandora and its inhabitants. gentle, analytical, scientific and curious. The clan considers it their mission to study and preserve the sacred ecosystem of Pandora. Many among them nest in massive, bioluminescent plants such as healing roses for days at a time to meditate and attain spiritual wisdom. They use plants for food, medicine, decorative items, and even personal clothing. Most notably, the Tawkami are master botanists, chemists, and alchemists. It has been said that where most see a beautiful landscape, the Tawkami see Pandora as an elaborate concoction of ingredients each with its own unique powers and virtues. Their recipes have been refined and passed down over generations, and include a wide array of potions, remedies, and other concoctions. Among their repertoire are tranquilizers, extracting essential oils, and producing the plexiglass-like material for their rider's masks. The Tawkami award multicolored sashes to alchemical apprentices among their own. Each apprentice is given a plain sash to wear at the start of their training, to which colorful strips of fabric are added as they learn and gain mastery of new skills. The more colorful the sash, the more experienced the chemist. The clan's territory neighbors the Kekunan clan and is situated in the mountains. It is a lush jungle filled with many varieties of bright, colorful flowers ranging drastically in size, the largest towering over even a fully grown Na'vi. Their village is centralized by a giant panopyra, which once contained the sacred Tranquil Seed. Hunters of the Tawkami clan undergo their own version of Iknimaya when they come of age. Initiates get a yellow V-shape applied to their forehead, and must create their own rider's mask. The plexiglass-like material of the lenses is cut and custom-fit to each rider by the clan elders, and initiates spend up to 16 hours polishing the lenses during their rite. Back in the Time of the First Songs, the earliest tales of the Tawkami tell of the youngster, Tsyal, a daughter of the Olo'eyktan who defies her father's wishes and helps Ralu and Entu on their quest to tame a Great Leonopteryx. They needed the Tranquil Seed, one of the sacred items needed on their quest to tame toruk. The clan chief refused to help Entu and Ralu and even laughed at them, not believing the prophecy. Against the will of her clan, Tsyal stole the seed and joined them. She uses the sacred Tranquil Seed to subdue the toruk, helping Entu become the first Toruk Makto. Later, the Tawkami were summoned by Toruk Makto to help the Omatikaya clan stop the flood of lava that threatened to destroy the Tree of Souls. They helped destroy a mountain and release a stream of water onto the lava. Back in 22nd century, when a mysterious illness strikes the children of the Omatikaya clan and, as it is later learned, the avatars of Hell's Gate, Mo'at turned to the Tawkami clan for help in finding an antidote. Mo'at had taken Grace Augustine with her to the village of Tawkami, to which Mireya was skeptical; at first, she refused to help for fear of contaminating her own clan, but she eventually agreed to help. After Grace passed out, Mireya discovered patches of pale pigment on her body. She decided on bringing Grace's avatar to a field of syekalin, a flower suspected of causing the disease. Mireya believed that what caused the disease could also become a cure. Mo'at and Grace later used the syekalin to synthesize a cure for the disease. In 2162, eight years after the Battle of Ayram Alusìng, So'lek was in the territories of the Tawkami clan, where he was attacked by viperwolves, and was found and treated for his wounds by Syanan. After he recovered, the rest of the Tawkami treated him very simply for the next three months. One day, a young man alerted Syanan and So'lek about a small group that was looking a Sage Mushroom, but they were trapped in a cave. With the help of other members, they managed to remove all the debris and free those inside. Syanan then began treating the wounded. Thanks to her and So'lek, who helped with the treatment, the three gatherers were saved and at night So'lek prepared to continue his journey. With a final joke, Syanan and the rest of the Tawkami bid him farewell. Other known members are: Mireya (female healer), Lunapey (old female gatherer), Rawm (male, struck by lightning as a child and permanently marked by it), Syanan (female healer), Alira (gatherer).

    Tipani: (also known as the clan of silent war) Located in Rainforest Jungle. Their totem animal is the Atlas Beetle. Its members reside in over a dozen individual villages scattered through the dense jungles of Pandora. The Tipani are perhaps the fiercest warrior clan of all the Na'vi people, and their hunting prowess is renowned far and wide. Fierce, noble, stoic and proud. Though all Na'vi are proficient hunters, the Tipani train like no other clan. They raise their children to be warriors from a very young age. When the Tipani hunt, they move without making a sound. This silent hunting style is reflected in the Tipani's otherworldly demeanor; a Tipani rarely speaks, and only does so with careful consideration. Thus, their words often carry enormous weight. The Tipani clan are the only clan observed to wear armor, traditionally crafted from the cuirass crab. During their adolescent years, strict focus is set on developing both the mind and body for battle under the clan elders. A centuries-old tradition sees elders accompany groups of warrior apprentices into the woods where athleticism and tranquility are put to the test. Success is not measured by the ability to slay a creature, for many come home empty-handed. It is measured by the ability to stalk prey without making one's presence known. A master warrior must first acquire the art of light-footedness before training in the art of the kill. Back in the Time of the First Songs, Tipani was one of the few clans involved in the events of the first Toruk Makto. It was during their journey that Entu, Ralu and Tsyal came across the clan searching for the artifacts. The item that Tipani was going to give them was the Atlas Beetle shield. The warriors not only refused to help them, but after learning of their history, they ordered them to return to their clans and assigned their own escort to protect them. Accompanied by the Tipani warriors, the three friends eventually ran into the Kekunan Clan, who were the only clan that believed in the prophecy and decided to help them. In 2160, Tipani received a visit from So'lek, one of the few survivors of the Trr'ong Clan after the Battle of Ayram Alusìng. The warrior informs them that he came to their territory with the objective of completing the next part of his mission: obtaining armor made from the shell of the armor cuirass crab. So'lek was trained by Rimu, with whom he seems to have entered into an almost romantic relationship with her. After almost half a year of being in the clan, So'lek obtains the shell of the cuirass crab. With the help of a Tipani Master, he makes his shoulder armor. Finally, the clan advises him to rest and not waste energy. However, the pain So'lek feels over the loss of his home since fighting the Sky People remains too strong to stop him, and So'lek eventually abandons the village and wanders away, leaving behind her armor back. Known memebers are: Rimu (female So'lek's teacher), Amanti (female warrior leader), Arutey (male warrior), Ikalu (male warrior), Kusati (female warrior), Marali (female), Otamu (male warrior), Unipey (female), Alar'at (male warrior), Avarin (female warrior, assisted by stingbats), Sukal (female hunter who likes to take initiative), Tur'itan (male hunter), Vorak (male, one-eyed, warrior)

50. #50Eastern Sea clans

    Keys: Eastern Sea clans, Tayrangi

    Tayrangi: (also known as: Ikran People of the Eastern Sea). A coastal Na'vi clan led by their olo'eykte, Ikeyni. The Tayrangi are famous for their ikrans riding prowess, similar to their brother of the north, the Kekunan. They use them to fish for aquatic creatures in the Pandoran ocean, diving in a fashion similar to the Terran cormorant fish, then flying back out. They have a deep knowledge of the air and sea, including underwater migratory and feeding patterns. Because of this activity, the Tayrangi have strong swimming skills and have a reverence for the larger aquatic predators they come across. The members are independent spirits, untethered to convention and unburdened by even the strictest of Na'vi clan rules. unconventional, eclectic, adaptable, and progressive. The Tayrangi are one of the 15 clans summoned by Jake Sully as Toruk Makto, for the battle against the RDA in defense of the Tree of Souls. The clan is led into battle by Ikeyni, and assist in the defense during the Battle of Ayram Alusìng. Many of them die during the battle, but manage to destroy several of the RDA's vehicles. The clan lays their deceased on cliff nooks overlooking the sea where they are then eaten by small banshees.Even though they live on the coast of the Eastern Sea, Tayrangi members are not biologically adapted for a marine environment like the Metkayina clan and other reef clans are. This could be due to the Tayrangi technically living on the mainland and traversing the oceans primarily on banshees. Other known members are: Nan'ti (female scout, gatherer), Tsentey (male warrior, Ikeyni's mate).

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