Teylan | Avatar: Frontiers of Pandora

1. #1Pandora

   Keys: pandora, planet, pandoran, Eywa'eveng, ewyaeveng

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   [Pandora = 'Eywa'eveng' in Na'vi, the fifth moon of the gas giant Polyphemus, which orbits the closest star to the Earth's sun, Alpha Centauri A. Discovered by the first interstellar expedition in 2129, Pandora has been the single most interesting thing to happen to the human race in hundreds of years. The news services love to run clips of the wild scenery on Pandora and its bizarre flora and fauna.

   To the cultures of Earth, Pandora is mysterious, primal and terrifying. Even from orbit, the scope of florae present on the surface indicates a planet brimming with life.]

2. #2Religion

   Keys: Eywa, god, goddess, religion, religious, spiritual, spirit, spirits, spiritualist, spiritualistic, all-mother, great mother, tsahik, tsahìk

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   [Eywa = also known as the All-Mother or the Great Mother, is the globally distributed consciousness of Pandora and the balancing and guiding force behind all its ecosystems, allowing all species to live in harmony and balance with their environment.

   She is the only known deity of the Na'vi who honour her as the mother of all life, and consider her the origin of all sights and sounds.

   The Na'vi do not view Eywa as a deity who creates and governs the cosmos, who is responsible for disasters, diseases and other events.

   Eywa has several unique abilities due to her nature as a planetary biological intelligence:

   She can connect to all living beings on Pandora through a neural link. This connection allows for the transfer of thoughts, memories, and consciousness between Eywa and the creatures of the planet.

   Eywa stores the memories and consciousness of deceased beings, especially the Na’vi. This acts as a living archive of their history, culture, and wisdom.

   She can coordinate the actions of Pandora’s flora and fauna in real time. This is seen when animals come to the aid of the Na’vi during battle, showing Eywa’s ability to mobilize the ecosystem like a single organism.

   Eywa has the ability to transfer a person’s consciousness from one body to another. This is how Jake Sully permanently becomes a Na’vi through a sacred ritual.

   She appears to have an awareness of environmental balance and threats, reacting to dangers and disturbances, almost as if she can sense intentions or foresee consequences.

   Eywa is linked to all plant life on Pandora through an electrochemical root network, giving her a natural form of limited omnipresence. Though not divine, her awareness spans the planet wherever vegetation exists, making her a living, sentient part of the ecosystem.]

3. #3Three Laws of Eywa

   Keys: three laws of eywa, law, laws, rule, rules, stone, wheel, wheels, car, vehicle, metal, metals, ore, ores

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   [Three Laws of Eywa - 1. 'You shall not set stone upon stone'; a warning against falling out of interconnectedness with a civilization that is not based on interdependence on other life forms. The Na'vi don't build structures out of stone.

   2. 'Neither shall you use the turning wheel'; the dense vegetation covering Pandora makes the wheeled transportation impractical, and making it possible and efficient would require the destruction of plant life and displacement of fauna.

   3. 'Nor use the metals of the ground'; Na'vi are not supposed to dig up the earth for metal.]

4. #4Tsahìk

   Keys: tsahìk, tsahik, spiritual leader, spiritual, spirit

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   [Tsahìk (or Tsahik) = the spiritual leader of a Na'vi clan, and the most important member next to the clan leader. The job of the tsahìk is to interpret the will of Eywa, guide the clan spiritually, and perform important ceremonies such as Uniltaron and, in rare cases, the consciousness transfer.]

5. #5Dream Hunt

   Keys: Dream Hunt, Uniltaron, rite of passage, cummerbund, corset, omatikaya

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   [Uniltaron (or Dream Hunt) = is a rite of passage, in which Na'vi seek their spirit animal. This highly spiritual ceremony is practiced by the Omatikaya clan, although it is unknown if other clans practice it.

   The initiate Na'vi is painted in order to prepare. The Na'vi is taken to a holy place by the clan leaders and some other clan members for support, as this is a communal event.

   During a chemically-induced trance caused by the sting of a scorpion-like arachnoid (kept in a stone jar) and swallowing a glow worm, the clan members express themselves musically as the spirit moves. The two psychoactive venom of both small creatures causes great pain to the initiate and they experience near-death, and subsequently a dream.

   If the initiate survives this traumatic experience, they tell their vision to the clan leaders who believe that the vision involves prophetic wisdom by Eywa. After, a festival is held where the Na'vi will re-enact the vision with feasting and dancing to celebrate the "reborn" graduate.

   Those who complete their Dream Hunts are rewarded with a cummerbund to show around their torso.]

6. #6Willow Trees

   Keys: tree of voices, Utraya Mokri, willow, willows, Vitraya Ramunong, Tree of Souls

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   [WIllow trees = native to Pandora, capable of growing both above and below ground. It resembles the terran willow and the Tree of Voices. The tree's long branches are neural links, similar to the Na'vi queues, which connect Eywa to the flora and fauna of the moon. As a critical part of this neural system, willows are sacred to the Na'vi.

   Tree of Voices (or 'Utraya Mokri' in Na'vi) = a special type of willow tree on Pandora. They are similar in appearance to the Tree of Souls. These trees grow together at certain spiritual sites all around Pandora, although not all clans have one.

   One Tree of Voices site was an important spiritual site to the Omatikaya clan, so named because the "voices" of ancestors could be "heard" through neural queue contact with the tree. It is said to be a place for prayers to be heard, and sometimes answered.

   Tree of Souls (or 'Vitraya Ramunong' in Na'vi) = is a giant weeping willow-like tree and the most sacred place of the Omatikaya clan. It is considered to be their closest connection to Eywa on Pandora. As of 2154, the site has been spiritually significant for at least 3,000 years. The Spirit Tree has the same cultural and spiritual significance to the Metkayina clan as the Tree of Souls has to the Omatikaya.]

7. #7The Spirit Tree

   Keys: the spirit tree, spirit tree, Ranteng Utralti, metkayina clan,

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   [The Spirit Tree (or 'Ranteng Utralti' in Na'vi) = sacred place of the Metkayina clan, located underwater in the center of the Cove of the Ancestors.

   The marine equivalent of the Tree of Souls. It is connected to the seabed by a dense network of roots containing neural connections, making it one of the most important points in Pandora's neural network as it allows one's consciousness to enter the Spirit World. For the Na'vi, this is associated with the strong presence of Eywa. The tree also provides oxygen for prolonged sessions underwater.]

8. #8Queue

   Keys: Queue, kuru, neural, tswin, tsaheylu

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   [A neural queue (or 'kuru' in Na'vi) = an appendage that is part of many species' anatomy on Pandora, including the Na'vi.

   Queues of Pandoran wildlife are encased in a "neural whip", a protective layer of skin that houses a set of thin, pinkish tendrils that appear somewhat like hair but are actually extensions of the creature's nervous system.

   Most creatures possess one or two queues. When a creature connects these tendrils with that of another being, an act known to the Na'vi as tsaheylu ('bond'), it enables mental communication between the two entities and the sharing of information, including memories, emotions, and sensory input.

   Many florae of Pandora are capable of initiating tsaheylu as well, notably the Tree of Souls and Tree of Voices, which are access points to the Pandoran neural network.

   Although the Na'vi possess a neural whip like most other creatures, it is most often hidden under a layer of hair that is painstakingly braided around the queue to protect it. This braid starts at birth and is maintained throughout a Na'vi's life.

   There is nothing more painful to a creature than the removal of the queue; if it's cut off, the creature will exhibit erratic behavior, not only severing their connection to Eywa but also with other animals.]

9. #9Iknimaya

   Keys: Iknimaya, stairway to heaven, right of passage, omatikaya, ikran, banshee, banshees, metykaina clan,

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   [Iknimaya (Na'vi for 'Stairway to Heaven') = treacherous but fundamental rite of passage in which a young Na'vi hunter must go through certain challenging events to prove themselves as worthy adults of their clans. For example, young hunters of the Omatikaya clan must select, capture, and successfully bond with one of the ikran who nest in the Hallelujah Mountains.

   Not all Na'vi undergo Iknimaya because not all Na'vi are hunters, and additionally, not all Na'vi clans ride banshees as well. Iknimaya is incredibly dangerous and Na'vi youths can die as a result.

   Within the Metkayina clan, the term iknimaya is an umbrella term for a number of coming-of-age rituals. These include taming a skimwing and various tests with the members' tulkun spirit brother/sister. After completing all of the trials, the member is considered an adult and receives a special article of clothing, their first tattoo, and three beads for their songcord.

10. #10Songcord

    Keys: songcord, song cord, songcords, song cords, waytelem

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    [Songcord (or 'waytelem' in Na'vi) = a tactile representation of their own personal or family/clan history, whereas community song cords can represent much more complex information such as astronomical and historical data.

    Songcords serve a similar purpose to the Na'vi as writing does to humans and are their primary form of record-keeping. However, the songcord does not replace their oral tradition, as the cords serve merely as mnemonic aids to assist in oral storytelling and recounting.

    The cords are created using various materials such as beads, crystal, bits of bone, and plant material, strung onto a long piece of twine or thread. Individuals create their own songcords and expand on them continuously, adding a new item to the cord for any significant life event that occurs.

    The significance of each bead and item on a Na'vi's songcord is only known by them and their closest friends and family. When a Na'vi dies, their friends and family sing their songcord during their funeral in mourning and remembrance. While an individual may be buried alongside their cord, it is also common for Na'vi children to inherit the songcords of their parents.]

11. #11Tulkun

    Keys: tulkun, tulkuns, whale, whales, amrita, spiritbrother, spiritsister, spirit-brother, spirit-brothers, spirit-sister, spirit-sisters, spiritsisters

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    [Tulkun = large marine whale-like species native to the oceans of Pandora. These sea animals are highly intelligent and bond with the Metkayina clan.

    Despite their sapience, the Resources Development Administration slaughters them to harvest their amrita - yellowish neurocrine liquid produced by tulkuns in the glands at the base of their brain. It is said to be able to stop human aging completely.

    Tulkun are highly intelligent creatures with their own unique philosophy, likely smarter than humans, as well as being more "spiritual" and "emotional". However, this intelligence can only be expressed in its own unique way, similar to whales. This intelligence has allowed the tulkun to form a culture among themselves, including the establishment of the 'Tulkun Way', an ancient pacifist doctrine stemming from their early history that forbids all forms of killing.

    Sentient and highly cultured, with their own rich family histories, mathematics, poetry, and sophisticated music. They have their own language, individual names and can communicate with the Na'vi; while the latter use sign language to interact with the mammals, the tulkun use vocal sounds and eye contact. They are very close to all of marine reef clans; each Metkayina member engages a lifelong bond with a tulkun early in their life, whom they call their spirit brother/sister

    Some Tulkun are tattooed like much of the Metkayina clan.]

12. #12Ikran

    Keys: ikran, ikrans, banshee, banshees, dragon, dragons, fly, flying, travel, travelling, ride, riding

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    [Mountain Banshees (or 'ikran' in Na'vi) = large dragon-like aerial predators that are native to Pandora. They can be found roosting on the various cliff sides on the Hallelujah Mountains.

    Many Na'vi clans utilize the mountain banshee in numerous ways. They use them for traveling long distances, for hunting from the air, or even during times of war. Na'vi have been taming banshees for thousands of years. Na'vi ride banshees by connecting neural whips to move as one. The bond is lifelong for the ikran, and that it will not bond with riders other than their own. One Na'vi can tame multiple banshees within their lifetime, however.

    Reptilian in appearance, has a bird-like metabolism that produces intense heat, which is managed by a sophisticated cooling system involving unidirectional airflow through bellows-like lungs and hollow bones. The banshee is an extremely efficient and powerful flyer.

    Banshees have keen vision with two main eyes for color and two secondary eyes for infrared and motion detection, aiding in night hunting and rear defense. Sensory pits near the eyes may provide airflow data or function in echolocation. The banshee’s four limbs are fully adapted as wings, with claws used for perching or clambering on rough terrain, though they are clumsy on the ground.

    Their skin displays vibrant colors likely used in mating, and both males and females exhibit this. Though aerial hunters, banshees are also capable swimmers and are believed to have evolved from aquatic ancestors.]

13. #13Toruk

    Keys: toruk, dragon, dragon, leonopteryx, apex, predator

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    [Great Leonopteryx (or 'Toruk' in Na'vi) = toruk roughly translates roughly to "last shadow", as its preferred method of attack is from above. A species of large flying dragon-like reptile native to Pandora, and is the apex aerial predator of the Pandoran sky.

    Primarily colored red and yellow, with black stripes and blue crests on the top of the head and under its lower jaw, though the crests can be albinistic or green. The crest on its head is razor sharp and can be used to injure or disembowel prey, or cut vegetation obstructing flight.

    A toruk also has a large brain cavity, flexible, membranous wings stretched taut over a carbon fiber bone structure, powerful talons for grasping prey and perching, twin tails for flight control, flow-through ventilation for high performance, and large hooked claws. Powerful jaws which can open at a wide angle, capable of cleaving a mountain banshee in half. Despite their superior binocular vision, they are unable to see directly above them, most likely due to the protective brow ridges above their eyes.

    Due to its enormous size, a toruk would not be a dense jungle hunter like banshees, but would have very little trouble on the plains or near cliffs or mountains, where it could feed on mid-sized animals or banshees.

    A Na'vi who is able to ride a toruk is called 'Toruk Makto' with significance for bringing clans together in times of sorrow.]

14. #14Oel ngati kameie

    Keys: Oel ngati kameie, i see you,

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    [Oel ngati kameie = 'I see you' in Na'vi, a sacred greeting given between two Na'vi to say 'hello', followed by a gesture of a loose fist opening from the forehead as the arm moves out.

    The greeting is repeated back to the person greeting with the gesture following. Sometimes just the gesture is used instead of words, but this is less formal/proper.]

15. #15Uturu

    Keys: uturu, refuge, refugee, refugees

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    [Uturu = refuge = is a cultural code among the Na'vi. It is a tradition stating that any refugee or weary traveler seeking sanctuary must be granted safe harbor.

    Jake Sully's family sought uturu with the Metkayina village of Awa'atlu. In the beginning, the Olo'eyktan Tonowari and the Tsahìk Ronal were reluctant about providing shelter for them due to the evident anatomical differences with the Omatikaya and the possible threat of war. The precarious situation of Jake's family seemed to make them reconsider their decision, providing uturu on the sole condition that they had to learn the ways of the Metkayina to avoid being a burden to the clan.]

16. #16Ilu

    Keys: ilu, dolphin, ilus, dolphins

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    [Ilu = large plesiosaur-like sea creature that is the direhorse of the Pandoran oceans, fulfilling a biological role similar to that of a Terran dolphin.

    Sleek and lithe aquatic reptiles with a long flexible neck, six flippers and rudder-like tail, closely resembling Earth's extinct plesiosaurs. It possesses four eyes and two queues, antennae-like neural whips extending from its temples. It is most observed with dark coloration on its upper body splotched with colorful markings and a white underbelly.

    Despite living underwater, the ilu breathes air, similar to Terran dolphins and whales. The ilu has special echolocation organs which it uses for communication.[3] Its top speed is 32 knots (37 mph/60kph).[3] Ilu eat fish, such as the glider fin.]

17. #17Pa'li

    Keys: pa'li, pali, pa'lis, palis, direhorse, dire horse, direhorses, dire horses,

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    [Direhorse ('pa'li' in Navi) = Nectarivore, horse-like in appearance, with very long necks and small heads. With six legs, is a swift and nimble mount that is well-adapted to the rugged Pandoran terrain.

    The pa'li is approximately the size of an Earth Asian elephant.

    Pa'li have two long queue that emerge from either side of the top of the skull. These appendages have feathery tips that are covered in tiny cilia which undulate constantly and seek out the antennae of other direhorses as they move near. Xenobiologists believe that the touch of antennae is not only for pleasure and affection, but also is a means of transferring information about food sources and potential dangers. Herds often move in unison shortly after touching antennae.

    Like several other Pandoran animals, there are lines of operculi down the neck to increase the amount of air they can intake with each breath. It also has a sail-like "mane" that perhaps plays a part in signaling.

    The direhorse has four eyes, and the smaller two have horizontal pupils, much like real-life horses. They drink nectar from plants with a long, thin tongue like a hummingbird.]

18. #18Syaksyuk

    Keys: syaksyuk, syaksyuks, prolemuris, prolemuri, prolemurises, monkey, monkies, monkeys

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    [Prolemuris ('syaksyuk' in Na'vi) = a chattering, non-aggressive tree dweller that lives in the canopy, as opposed to the dangerous forest floor.

    Nearly as tall as an average adult human woman, they have large eyes with binocular vision, an apelike skull with a short snout, small nostrils, a jaw, and needle-sharp teeth that are adapted to cut through tough Pandoran flora. The prolemuris's ears are erect flaps that can move independently of one another in order to track sounds precisely.

    The prolemuris has several peculiarities that seem to indicate that it is a sort of evolutionary "missing link" between the Na'vi and other Pandoran animals.

    Unlike other Pandoran animals, however, the prolemuris has only a single neural queue, no secondary set of eyes, and no operculi in their chests. Most intriguingly, while they do have two pairs of arms - making for six limbs, along with their legs - the upper arms are partially fused together]

19. #19Palulukan

    Keys: palulukan, palulukans, thanator, thanators, apex, predator

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    [Thanator ('palulukan' in Na'vi, meaning 'dry mouth bringer of fear') = lean and agile feline-like creature, the thanator's musculature is pronounced and impressive, providing power for protracted runs and leaps. In addition to conventional ripping and tearing, the thanator can also deliver a lethal blow from its thin armored tail.

    The creature's senses are so highly developed that, depending on atmospheric conditions, it can detect prey up to thirteen kilometers away. The thanator has ten sensory quills that sprout from sections of armor plating that encircle the rear of its skull. The function of the quills is still a mystery, but it has been hypothesized that they may be tied to an internal mechanism of prey location; possibly echolocation or another sensory pinpointing system. The quills also flare up and produce a more menacing appearance. The plates themselves are cartilaginous in nature.

    It also has an armored neck and back, a massive distensible jaw, and twenty-three centimeter long sharp teeth. The thanator has burnished black skin. Its ten external sensory quills are colored bright red and yellow. The upper lip folds back for maximum tooth extension.

    The Na'vi, who are around 9 to 10 feet (approx. 3 meters) tall, could ride on the back of one of these beasts, making the thanator approximately 20 feet (6 meters) long.

    It has six long legs, and two sets of opercula on each side of its neck. When sensing for prey or for threats it can raise its front body and two front legs, standing on its four back limbs as it sniffs the air.]

20. #20Nantang

    Keys: nantang, nantangs, viperwolf, viper wolf, viperwolves, viper wolves, wolf, wolves, predator

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    [Viperwolf ('nantang' in Na'vi) = a hyena/wolf-like carnivore that has 6 legs, a lean, powerful torso and has evolved to travel swiftly over long distances in search of prey. Very few predators will attempt an attack on a viperwolf. Viperwolves almost always move in packs that can mass together into a highly cooperative hunting party within seconds of finding prey.

    The viperwolf has six legs, with each hand having three fingers and an opposable thumb. This allows it to climb trees as well as stalk from the ground and, thereby, creates a three-dimensional hunting field. It is mostly black, but is banded with vermillion and iridescent blue. Its hairless skin appears burnished and the low-slung head has chitinous armor around the neck, which turns to amphipod plating on the back of the neck and spine. The viperwolf has distensible snakelike jaws with obsidian teeth and a paddle-like tail for stability. Bioluminescent patterns are used for pack identification.

    Predominantly nocturnal carnivorous pack hunters with territories ranging over 480 kilometers. The pack appears to communicate information about the potential prey or predator with facial tics, paw gestures, and audio cues. The viperwolf hunts in small groups, communicating with howling, coyote-like barks, hyena cackles, and snake-like hissing.]

21. #21Lanay'ka

    Keys: slinger, slingers, lanay'ka, lanay'kas, lanayka, lanaykas, predator

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    [Slinger ('lanay'ka' in Na'vi) = comprised of two distinct creatures: a dart-like head and a body. The dart is the offspring of the body and lives symbiotically with its 'mother' as it grows. The two are connected together internally by their queues until the head detaches.

    The mature head and body are both vibrant red-orange with black markings and a yellow underbelly. As with most Pandoran life forms, the body is hexapedal; it is unique from other creatures in that its front-most pair of limbs act more as arms rather than legs, stretching outwards and moving independently like a Terran mantis. A long muscular neck supports the head, which has a thin, sharp snout and two wings protruding from either side of it; these wings propel the head forward to impale its prey.

    The slinger primarily hunts hexapedes.]

22. #22Txumre'

    Keys: medicine, venom, slinth, txumre', Txumres, Txumre, Txumre's, slinthes, predator

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    [Slinth ('Txumre'' in Na'vi) = is a large predator with a sleek, hexapedal body similar in appearance to a viperwolf. Its skin is grey with darker mottling and blue and yellow stripe going down its side. It has a single pair of small red eyes.

    The slinth's face is usually covered by four segments of hard plate, protecting its fangs. These plates can open to reveal a bright yellow, terrifying threat display and two large, venomous lances that extend from either side of the slinth's face.

    The slinth spends most of the day sleeping in the lower canopies of the Pandoran jungle, until it needs to feed. When it does, it is one of the fastest land predators on Pandora. It injects its prey with a powerful neurotoxin before eating it alive. Na'vi are able to extract venom harmlessly to use for medicinal purposes.]

23. #23Yerik

    Keys: yerik, yeriks, hexapede, hexapedes, deer, deers, doe, stag, stags, does, fawn, fawns, prey

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    [Hexapede ('yerik' in Na'vi) = land herbivore that resides in various biomes of Pandora. The hexapede resembles a six-legged Terran gazelle or antelope. They are dark blue herbivores with white and yellow stripes

    Hexapedes are some of the most beautiful and fragile creatures of Pandora with 6 legs, large wide-spaced eyes, long thin necks and bevelled hooves. Although a prime target for any land or aerial predator, the rapid pace of their breeding keeps them from extinction.

    Their small, sloped skulls are topped by retractable, light-colored fan structures. This fan has an eye pattern on it similar to those found in Terran insects (such as the Luna Moth), and serves as a defense mechanism, for flashing it to predators makes the creatures seem bigger and more intimidating. The fan is structured by twin horns that sheathe a thin, patterned membrane. The horns can pivot and pull taut the membrane for a large threat display. It is believed that this membrane may also act to amplify the sound of nearby predators. In addition, the hexapede also has feathery scent organs on both sides of its head. These organs sample the air as an early warning system to alert the animal to the presence of a predator.]

24. #24Talioang

    Keys: talioang, talioangs, sturmbeest, sturmbeests, buffalo, cow, bull, prey

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    [Sturmbeest ('talioang' in Na'vi) = buffalo-like herd animals. They are extremely social and highly protective of their young. Territorial and will mass for attack against any would-be predator. When the predator is too large or in too great a number, they will stampede, often breaking off into smaller packs for evasion.

    Their brain-mass-to-body ratio is low and the creatures are slow to react and slow to stop reacting.

    The sturmbeest has a massive buffalo-like head, six legs and indigo and orange coloring. Its skull features a single large bony hornlike extrusion above the eyes. Extrusions are reddish or orange, with striped slashes of blue. The creature has bioluminescent patterns on the ridge and both sides of the body. It also has chitinous armor, which is perfect for the construction of gongs when dried.

    The male (or 'bull') is about 15 percent larger than the female (or 'cow'), has a larger ridge bone on its back, and also has a dramatic top horn that is used for defense against and contest with other bulls.]

25. #25Riti

    Keys: riti, ritis, stingbat, stingbats, bat, bats, predator

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    [Stingbat ('riti' in Na'vi) = nocturnal, small, foul-tempered aerial predators with a highly developed navigational system. Unlike other aerial creatures of Pandora, the stingbat's second pair of limbs have not evolved into wings, rather serving as pincer-like arms that can strike at predators and prey. They have four yellow eyes and prominent crest structures on the head and jaws. The stingbat has translucent fangs and claws with predominant bioluminescence on the wing membrane and torso. One of the stingbat's features is a scorpion-like tail stinger. Despite their highly developed visual navigational system, their small brain cavity and cerebral cortex inhibits their innate survival mechanisms.

    Despite their venomous tail spines, some Na'vi tame stingbats and keep them as pets. They can be trained to come to call with clicks between the tongue and teeth, perching on their owner's shoulder to eat fruit from their hands. The Na'vi also harvest and use their tails as plectrums for playing musical bows.]

26. #26'Angtsìk

    Keys: 'angtsìk, 'angtsìks, angtsìk, angtsìks, angtsik, angtsik, 'angtsik, 'angtsiks, hammerhead, titanothere

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    [Hammerhead Titanothere (''angtsìk' in Na'vi) = an extremely large herd animal comparable to a triceratops, extremely territorial and hierarchical. Constant threat displays, both visible and audible, are very common during the hammerhead titanothere's day. When angered which happens easily and very often, a titanothere will lower its head and charge at the perceived threat Atop the hammerhead structure, titanotheres also possess a brightly colored display crest with rigid, chitinous backings that can be raised when confronted by an adversary. The skin flaps are usually shades of purple and blue, but herd leaders have yellow-orange ones. Bioluminescent patterns are present on the fan structure. Both the hammerhead structure and the colored skin fan are also used to attract and compete for a mate.

    They have poor distance vision, but make up for this with acute hearing and an excellent sense of smell. Although massive, its six limbs allow it to pivot rapidly when it detects a threat from the side or rear. Their overlapping body plates and large, bony shoulder and back offer protection during battles with other titanotheres or large creatures such as the leonopteryx or thanator. Their armor, however, only covers the front of their bodies; the hindquarters are relatively unprotected. It has very small feathery scent organs on the side of the neck. It has four eyes and a soft, ungulate mouth, protected by a beak-like jaw structure.]

27. #27Pxazang

    Keys: pxazang, pxazangs, akula, akulas, shark, sharks, predator

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    [Akula ('pxazang' in Na'vi) = a carnivorous fish that has a striking resemblance to the terran great white shark or the extinct megalodon, the largest shark that ever existed. The akula is equipped with a pointy tail that is used to propel itself through the water. The underside of its body is white while the creature's top is dark gray. This coloration acts as camouflage, allowing the akula to sneak up on its prey. Similar coloration can be found on the great white shark, which occupies the same niche as the akula. A sharp ridge can be seen on the akula's back. The akula's most striking feature is a three-part jaw that resembles a rattlesnake's open mouth. The three jaws open in a triangular pattern like a blooming flower.]

28. #28Tsurak

    Keys: tsurak, tsuraks, skimwing, skimwings, skim wing, skim wings, ride, riding, hunting

    Enabled · Before character · Order 10

    Entry settings

    [Skimwing ('tsurak' in Na'vi) = large aquatic creature like a Terran flying fish, able to comfortably fit a fully grown Na'vi on its back. Its skin is blue-grey and its large fins, which partially elevate it out of the water, are orange with dark markings. Its head also resembles that of a Terran gharial. Although Pandora's low gravity and high air density allows the skimwing to use its wings to fly in ground effect above the water, its tail remains in the water to propel it forward. With its powerful tail, the skimwing can travel at up to 50 knots (58 mph / 92 kph) and maintain a cruise speed of 35 knots (40 mph / 65 kph) for hours.

    The skimwing and the ikran share a common evolutionary ancestor. Unlike whales or dolphins, skimwings cannot drown. They breathe using their gills while underwater, but inhale air through two nostrils located on top of their heads during flight. They mostly feed on fish and small aerial creatures.

    The Metkayina clan and other reef clans use the skimwing for hunting larger prey at the surface or to dive deeper. It is also used as a mount during combat. Only the most skilled Metkayina hunters may tame a skimwing; they are temperamental and take a long time to form a loyal bond with their rider.]

29. #29Kenten

    Keys: kenten, kentens, fan lizard, fan lizards, lizard, lizards,

    Enabled · Before character · Order 10

    Entry settings

    [Fan lizard ('kenten' in Na'vi) = at first glance, this unique nocturnal lizard appears to be little more than a dull, ruler-length reptile with few different features. When agitated, however, it has wings that unfurl like a bioluminescent antique Chinese fan and spins away to safety. In an instant, it morphs from dull to beautiful and then, just as rapidly, is once again a rather common-looking lizard.]

30. #30Marui Pod

    Keys: marui,

    Enabled · Before character · Order 10

    Entry settings

    [Marui = pods built in the giant mangrove-like trees alongside the shores and are protected from crashing waves by giant reef barriers. They are the homes of Na'vi clans like the Metkayina or the Ta'unui.

    Made of a flexible, tight and durable fabric, whose sheets are stretched between the roots and branches of the trees, as well as an auxiliary wooden frame, giving the dwelling its typical shape. These sheets form the floor, the ceiling and partly the walls, although the cabin remains largely open. Its size depends mainly on the size of the family that inhabits it, or on the function, since the marui can also be common rooms. The fabric and reinforcements are usually decorated, most often with individual motifs of the family that lives in it.]

31. #31Awa'atlu

    Keys: Awa'atlu

    Enabled · Before character · Order 10

    Entry settings

    [Awa'atlu = a village of the Metkayina clan on the coast of the Eastern Sea. It is led by the Olo'eyktan, Tonowari, and the Tsahìk, Ronal. Numerous rocks or roots protrude from the shallow water near the shore, which are the foundation for the construction of the individual houses called marui, and other useful structures. The village of Awa'atlu is protected by seawall terraces located in a radius of 6 kilometers from the coast. They also serve as natural breakwaters and fisheries.]

32. #32Olo'eyktan

    Keys: Olo'eyktan, clan leader, leader

    Enabled · Before character · Order 10

    Entry settings

    [Olo'eyktan = clan leader, similar to a chieftain. The leader is in charge of the clan and may rule along with their mate. While the tsahìk leads the clan spiritually, the olo'eyktan leads them in flesh, such as organizing hunting parties, war efforts, and managing relations between humans and other clans.

    While olo'eyktan typically refers to a male clan leader,[1] the term can be used in a gender-neutral refer to a leader of any gender. However, there is a specifically female variant of the word, olo'eykte, which can be used when specifying the gender of the leader is required, in which case, olo'eyktan may be used specifically for male leaders.]

33. #33Sky People

    Keys: sky people, human, humans, demon, demons

    Enabled · Before character · Order 10

    Entry settings

    [Sky people = Na'vi term for humans, usually derogatory]

34. #34Sarentu

    Keys: sarentu, storyteller, storytelling,

    Enabled · Before character · Order 10

    Entry settings

    [The Sarentu clan was a nomadic clan of Na'vi founded by Entu, the first Toruk Makto.

    The clan was nearly entirely wiped out by John Mercer and his mercenaries. This incident was then covered up, leaving RDA unaware of what happened and making the Na'vi believe the clan had mysteriously disappeared.

    Meanwhile, a handful of children from the clan were taken after this event to be used in The Ambassador Program (TAP) which was created by Mercer. Following the Pandoran War and RDA's expulsion, these Na'vi were placed into cryostasis to save them after Mercer ordered their execution.

    They were then awoken about 15 years later in the midst of the second war where they joined the Resistance in their efforts against the RDA and their colonization of the Western Frontier spearheaded by Mercer.

    The Sarentu Clan was a highly respected clan, famous for its outstanding storytellers, singers and stories. They were known for being diplomats who could resolve conflicts and bring peace, both within and between clans. They were excellent rhetoricians who could move the hearts of the Na'vi also from other clans, whom they visited frequently. Reluctant to fight, even against the RDA, they were also known for their peaceful attitude towards life. The clan would travel around Pandora to spread the tales of various Na'vi, living among other clans as if they were one of them, and would give them advice from an outsider's perspective. The Tarsyu plant is also an important element, it allows only members of Sarentu to connect with Eywa.]

35. #35Tarsyu

    Keys: tarsyu, sarentu

    Enabled · Before character · Order 10

    Entry settings

    [Tarsyu = The tarsyu is a giant flowering plant indigenous to the Western Frontier of Pandora. Its stamens enable Na'vi of the Sarentu clan to commune with the memories of ancestors within Eywa via their neural link.

    Each adult plant is formed of a tendrilous root base that supports a single flowering head. At rest, this flower head resembles a giant leaf-covered pod in which the cup-shaped flower of the tarsyu is tightly enclosed and protected by thick, lanceolate leaves.

    In the presence of the Sarentu, the pod opens, revealing the vast and brightly colored flower within. Branches, petals, and sepals spay outward and the soft, neuro-connecting stamens are accessible. Immature tarsyu saplings are smaller, and similarly formed. They too open in the presence of Sarentu but have only developed a single neuro connecting stamens in the flower center.]

36. #36Clouded Forest

    Keys: clouded forest, western frontier

    Enabled · Before character · Order 10

    Entry settings

    [Clouded Forest = a forest region in the Western Frontier and is located to the west. The Kame'tire clan of Na'vi healers live here in an area called The Hollows. It is reminiscent to the Redwood forests in Earth's Pacific Northwest. Lots of fungus grow here among behemoth trees.]

37. #37Kame'tire Clan

    Keys: Kame'tire, kametire, healers, healing,

    Enabled · Before character · Order 10

    Entry settings

    [Kame'tire = a reclusive and introverted clan in the Clouded Forest who are deeply suspicious of outsiders. Still, they believe that all wounds eventually scab over and heal, and so too all impurities of the spirit can be redeemed.

    Respected as healers and herbalists, they have a deep knowledge and appreciation for plant life which is reflected in their organic styled clothing. This includes imposing armor made through wood shaping, the art of softening and sculpting wood into different shapes. They are less eager to fight the RDA than some other clans, with many of the clan preferring to stay hidden. While they may not go into battle for what they love, they will conceal, heal, and protect that which has value.

    The clan lives within a settlement called The Hollows, which is composed of woodshaped dwellings nestled in a rocky gorge.]

38. #38Resources Development Administration

    Keys: RDA, Resources Development Administration, sky people, human, humans,

    Enabled · Before character · Order 10

    Entry settings

    [The Resources Development Administration (RDA) = largest single non-governmental organization in human space. It outmatches most Earth governments in wealth, political influence, and defense capability. Due to its vast capabilities, the RDA is a leading figure in many aspects of human society (defense, energy, manufacturing, aeronautics, transportation, commerce, etc).

    The RDA has monopoly rights to all products shipped, derived, or developed from Pandora and any other off-Earth location.

    The RDA first arrived on Pandora for varying reasons including the extraction of rare resources such as unobtanium for uses back on Earth. The organization soon came into contact with the native species of Pandora, the Na'vi and had numerous interactions with them. Unfortunately, the RDA soon became engaged in a violent war with the Na'vi after failed attempts to make peace with them and find a diplomatic solution to prevent any conflict, and resorted to using forceful methods. The war ended with RDA's defeat by the Na'vi and expelled from Pandora with the majority of humans returning to Earth.

    However, worsening conditions on Earth led the RDA to return to Pandora fourteen years later in 2168 to establish a permanent colony base there and restart the war with the Na'vi. The RDA now seeks to claim Pandora and make it the new home for humanity, and oppose the Resistance.]

39. #39The Resistance

    Keys: the resistance, resistance, sky people

    Enabled · Before character · Order 10

    Entry settings

    [The Resistance = the group of people, including Na'vi and some humans with Eywa's help, who are opposing the Resources Development Administration (RDA)'s return to Pandora since 2168. They are involved in the Second Pandoran War and were part of the Skirmish at the Three Brothers and the Colonization of the Western Frontier.

    Opposing Frances Ardmore and her mission to make Pandora the new home for those on Earth, their mission is to protect Pandora from the RDA's colonization and environmentally harmful practices. While the Resistance view themselves as the peacekeepers of Pandora, the RDA brands them as eco-terrorists according to Solar Unity Law. The RDA intends to kill Jake Sully due to him being a major war leader of the Resistance, which would greatly destroy Resistance morale and interrupt their plans.]

40. #40Jake Sully

    Keys: jake, sully, avatar, tsyeyk, suli

    Enabled · Before character · Order 10

    Entry settings

    [Jake Sully (Na'vi name: Tsyeyk Suli) = His story begins as a 22-year-old paraplegic Marine veteran of Earth's Resource Wars who takes over his murdered twin brother's RDA contract to be an avatar driver on the exomoon Pandora.

    He is assigned by the RDA to infiltrate the Omatikaya clan of the Na'vi and convince them to leave their home. After three months of becoming a member, Jake defects and leads a revolt against the RDA in response to the company's destructive and murderous actions, expelling the company from the exomoon. Jake is given the leadership role from the current dying clan leader. Using a sacred tree, Jake's consciousness is permanently transferred into his avatar.

    Years later, Jake and his mate Neytiri are parents of three biological children (Neteyam, Lo'ak, and Tuktirey) and their adopted daughter Kiri. When the RDA return, the Second Pandoran War begins and Jake is a major war leader of The Resistance. With the appearance of Recombinant soldiers, Jake renounces his leadership, and both he and his family flee from their forest home to take safe refuge with a reef clan, learning their ways. After several months, the Recombinants find Jake's family, and a skirmish ensures in which Neteyam (Jake's eldest son) is killed.]

41. #41Neytiri te Tskaha Mo'at'ite

    Keys: Neytiri, Tskaha, Mo'at'ite,

    Enabled · Before character · Order 10

    Entry settings

    [Neytiri te Tskaha Mo'at'ite = an agile and fierce Na'vi, as well as a proficient warrior and archer, Neytiri was the tsakarem of the Omatikaya clan. She is the second-born daughter of Eytukan and Mo'at and younger sister of Sylwanin.

    When Neytiri was 18 years old in 2154, she met Jake Sully in the Pandoran forest, rescuing him from a pack of viperwolves. Neytiri became his teacher in the ways of the Na'vi. Despite her prior engagement to Tsu'tey, Jake and Neytiri fall in love. During the First Pandoran War, Neytiri fought alongside Jake in the Battle of Ayram Alusìng against the RDA. She saved him from death by killing Miles Quaritch with her bow.

    Neytiri became the mother of three biological children: Neteyam, Lo'ak and Tuktirey, as well as the adoptive mother of Kiri. When she is around 34 years old in 2170, during the Second Pandoran War, Neytiri and her family became refugees when they are forced to flee to the Metkayina clan. During this time, Neytiri and Jake both struggle to adapt to the new environment.]

42. #42Omatikaya Clan

    Keys: Omatikaya, blue flute

    Enabled · Before character · Order 10

    Entry settings

    [Omatikaya clan ('blue flute clan') = The clan's members share a deep connection with the forest and especially Eywa herself due to them being responsible for protecting the Tree of Souls. Three Toruk Maktos have been members of the clan, most notably Jake Sully, the sixth Toruk Makto, and Entu, the first. The clan is led by an Olo'eyktan and Tsahìk, who are typically a mated pair.

    They are primarily hunter-gatherers. They do not use written language, and they do not use money.

    Omatikaya are renowned for their brilliant textiles and weaving skills. Thus, the loom plays a key role in the daily life of the clan. The largest of the Omatikayan looms is more massive than a Terran pipe organ. This 'mother loom' is given a place of honor in the common area of Hometree.

    The Omatikaya believe that if a job is done correctly it should never be done again; thus they will take as long as needed to perfectly construct a single bow, axe, or spear. The Omatikaya build practical items and tools for everyday survival, totemic storytelling and enjoyment.

    Music is of great importance to the clan, more so than any other, hence the clan being named after their most incredible and elusive instrument, the Blue Flute.]

43. #43Hometree

    Keys: hometree, hometrees, kelutral, kelutrals

    Enabled · Before character · Order 10

    Entry settings

    [Hometree ('kelutral' in Na'vi) = massive trees that can be found throughout Pandora - many Na'vi clans have made these enormous plants their ancestral home for thousands of years.

    The tree is honeycombed with natural hollows and alcoves in which the Na'vi sleep, eat, weave, dance and celebrate their connection to Eywa. Like many sacred sites on Pandora, the Omatikaya Hometree rested above a large deposit of unobtanium.

    Hometrees are generally more than a hundred meters tall, with a hollow base supported by mangrove-like roots. Within this base there are many columns, creating a large central area. In this central area the branches and limbs of the tree form a natural spiral staircase, which the Na'vi use to move up and down the tree.]

44. #44Metkayina Clan

    Keys: metkayina

    Enabled · Before character · Order 10

    Entry settings

    [Metkayina clan = an oceanic Na'vi clan located on Pandora's reefs on the Eastern Sea. Of the over 50 reef clans, the Metkayina are the largest. The clan is led by Tonowari and Ronal, who live in the clan's main village, Awa'atlu.

    Metkayina have a close relationship with tulkuns, sentient, whale-like creatures of Pandora, and are able to communicate with them. The Metkayina consider them to be their siblings, with each member having a tulkun "spirit brother/sister", and share their religion.

    The Metkayina use ilu as their companion of choice for gliding across the Pandoran oceans. During combat, skilled hunters of the Metkayina ride the skimwing; taming one is also a rite of passage into adulthood, similar to how some mainland Na'vi clans must tame an ikran as they come of age.

    They use Na'vi Sign Language to communicate with each other underwater, as well as with the tulkun.

    The clan, like other reef clans, practices tattooing. All of the tattoos are unique to the individual and chronicle their life. The locations of each tattoo carry a symbolic meaning: tattoos over the heart and chest symbolize the safe embrace of the central island. Arm tattoos represent the more exposed protective shield of the seawall. Thus, a hunter of the deep sea has densely tattooed arms and less on their chest.

    The tattoos are considered a gift both from Eywa and the clan and are created with inks from special animals. The Olo'eyktan has the most intricate tattoos within the clan, spanning much of their body. Members receive their first tattoo after they complete all of their rites of passage into adulthood.]

45. #45First Breath

    Keys: first breath, rite of passage, birth, ritual,

    Enabled · Before character · Order 10

    Entry settings

    [First Breath = ritual practiced by the Metkayina oceanic clan.

    The First Breath is a highly symbolic birth ritual that takes place with the participation of the entire clan. It takes place in shallow water, and the tsahìk helps the mother give birth to a child that emerges directly from the womb into the water. This is a symbol of Metkayina's deep connection to water, which is her second home. The newborn then has to swim out of the water on its own, which is a symbolic transition from this element to air. The name of the ritual refers to the first breath the child takes after surfacing.

    This ritual is usually accompanied by the tulkun, Metkayina's spiritual brothers/sisters. If any of the females are also expecting their young, they often give birth at the same time as the Na'vi, emphasizing the spiritual bond between the two species.]

46. #46Bridgehead

    Keys: Bridgehead, city, human, humans, sky people

    Enabled · Before character · Order 10

    Entry settings

    [Bridgehead = a massive, city-like base established by the Resources Development Administration near the Pandoran oceans.

    It was built by AI and 3D printing, resulting in decades worth of manual labor being finished in only a year.

    Meant to save humanity from extinction due to Earth dying from pollution and overpopulation, Bridgehead serves as the successor to Hell's Gate. The city is ground zero for human colonization of Pandora and the RDA's aquatic operations.

    Bridgehead is roughly the size and composition of Long Beach, California, on Earth. Protected by 19 miles of defensive walls and incredible firepower, including guns and missile systems, some installed on massive concrete pylons, Bridgehead is a fortress as well as a living space.]

47. #47Aranahe Clan

    Keys: Aranahe, weaver, weavers, tailor, tailors, silk, kinglor

    Enabled · Before character · Order 10

    Entry settings

    [Aranahe clan = a clan of Na'vi weavers that live in the Silk Woods of the Kinglor Forest, located in the Western Frontier of Pandora.

    The clan is led by its Olo'eyktan, Ka'nat, and his daughter, the Tsahìk Etuwa, though the two do not always see eye to eye.

    The Aranahe are stylish, sophisticated, and intellectual, reveling in all the arts, but especially weaving the fine silk of the kinglor. The Aranahe have learned to survive by abiding by long-standing traditions and valuing the needs of the community over the wants of the individual. They frown upon those who would question these ancient ways. The Aranahe are known for their dyes and their knowledge with dyes is shown everywhere in their hometree and clothing. They trade dyes and textiles with other clans, possibly including the Sarentu clan. They have a connection with the kinglor, a moth-like species that produces the silk used by the Aranahe for their creations.

    They live in a Hometree. Its many chambers and twisting corridors of the mighty tree are adorned with painted tapestries and dyed silks, displaying the artistic way of life of its inhabitants. Naturally one of the nesting places of the kinglor, it has recently received them in numbers that are threatening its stability.

    The clan connects to Eywa at the Glade of Light, a mountainous grove of Trees of Voices nestled amongst waterfalls. The Glade of Light also hosts important communal gatherings of the Aranahe.]

48. #48Kinglor Forest

    Keys: kinglor, aranahe

    Enabled · Before character · Order 10

    Entry settings

    [Kinglor Forest = lush rainforest region located on the Western Frontier. It is said to be under the shade of floating mountains. The forest is named after the moth-like creatures known as kinglor.

    Kinglor are moths of which the Aranahe tend to their nests and cherishing them as messengers of Eywa. Silk is harvested from hatched kinglor cocoons and is woven by the Aranahe, forming much of their distinctive clothing and decorative tapestries.]

49. #49Zeswa Clan

    Keys: zeswa, plains, kite, kites

    Enabled · Before character · Order 10

    Entry settings

    [Zeswa clan = a clan of Na'vi nomads that live in the Upper Plains. They are led by Nesim, with her sister Minang serving as tsahìk.

    A colorful, boisterous and ferocious warrior clan. Proud and loving, the Zeswa talk loudly, feel strongly, and play fiercely. They are a clan of fearless direhorse riders, renowned for their war-like competitions and over-the-top celebrations. They also ride banshees.

    "Dance-fighting" is a practice seemingly unique to the Zeswa. Not much is known about the practice, but it seems to be a ritualized hand-to-hand spar between two participants.

    Kites are important to the clan. The path leading to The Circle, the clan's home, is marked by colorful, soaring kites, which are made of easily found materials such as reeds, poles, and woven zakru wool. Kites have many shapes, sizes, and purposes. Some mark zakru migration paths, while others indicate a celebration is underway, or that games or dance-fights are being held. Kites may also signal that a camp is welcoming weary travelers, offering warm meals and zangke.

    The Zeswa are wanderers, traveling along with the zakru who only move around once per generation. Until then, the clan sets its tents around the zakru to shield them from the strong winds.]

50. #50Zakru

    Keys: zakru, elephant, zeswa

    Enabled · Before character · Order 10

    Entry settings

    [Zakru = the Western Frontier's largest megafauna. Akin to the Earth’s elephant, the zakru has a prehensile trunk that it uses for feeding, though in its own unique way. Between the back legs of the zakru is a long, wide tail that serves as the endpoint of its digestive system, somewhat like that of a worm. A frilled, boney crest protects the front of its face and large horns curve around the eye sockets. The soles of a zakru foot are cushioned by strong, spongy fat deposits, capable of carrying the zakru’s great weight for many miles.

    A migratory herd animal, zakru live and travel in groups, most followed at all times by Na’vi of the Zeswa clan. Zakru live long lives, so their relationship with the Zeswa can span multiple generations. The clan lives in complete symbiosis with the zakru, making food from the zakru milk and finding warmth and shelter in the shade of these resting creatures.

    The zakru are deeply empathetic creatures who can sense the presence of danger near the clan, as well as changes in their moods.

    Zakru are fungivores with no natural predators. They feed on colonies of microorganisms found beneath the soil. When such a colony is detected, the animal lays down and buries its tail and trunk deep into the ground. The creature’s tongue then unfurls, branching into long tubes which burrow deeply away from the zakru. Then, entering a state of torpor, the zakru draws the fungi in, extracts their nutrients, and excretes the waste from its tail back into the soil, facilitating future fungal growth. This feeding-torpor state can last for weeks or months before a fungal colony is consumed. Then the zakru wakes and moves on.]

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