Nen

1. #1Nenconstant

   Keys: Nen · Secondary:

   It's a technique that allows a living being to use and manipulate their own life energy (known as aura); the term "Nen" can also be used in conversation to refer to aura. A person capable of utilizing Nen is colloquially referred to as a "Nen user" (能のう力りょく者しゃ, nōryokusha—lit. "ability person"), while those who cannot go by the designation "non-users" (一いっ般ぱん人じん, ippanjin—lit. "ordinary person")

   Because one can craft a great variety of parapsychological abilities through Nen, it is considered a dangerous power that is kept hidden from the public at large to maintain balance in society.

2. #2Auraconstant

   Keys: Aura · Secondary:

   Aura (オーラ, Ōra) is the life energy produced by all living bodies, it is vital for survival and directly linked to one's stamina. The points on the body from which aura flows out are called "aura nodes" (精しょう孔こう, Shōkō). Additionally, aura is invisible to non-Nen users, it can only be seen after the aura nodes in the eyes are opened. Nonetheless, sensitive individuals can feel its presence without being aware of its existence

   In normal conditions, the aura from all parts of the body tends to flow together, producing one mass of energy. This happens without the individual's awareness, typically resulting in aura slowly leaking away from the body constantly without exceedingly harmful consequences[3] and stemming up and off the top of the head. On the other hand, if someone whose aura nodes are fully open doesn't attempt to close them or control the flow of their aura, they'll soon grow so exhausted that they'll be unable to stand or even lose consciousness. Learning to control one's aura nodes is the first step to becoming a Nen user.

   People who have not trained in Ten will leak aura similar to water vapor boiling out from a kettle. It has been described as feeling like a warm, viscous fluid at rest, whereas powerful, refined auras produce a sensation that feels akin to needles pricking into the skin. Hostile aura generates extremely unpleasant sensations, which can cause a non-user to halt in their tracks and be unable to walk towards the source as if a wall had been erected in front of them.

   Since every living being emits aura subconsciously, learning to sense aura is a useful skill for those who are trying to track down living things or searching for non-living things that have been infused with aura. An experienced user of Nen can judge the location and relative strength of their opponents by reading the output of their aura. On the other hand, skilled Nen users can also regulate the flow of their aura, so they appear to be beginners or regular individuals

   Grave wounds such as mutilations can disrupt the flow of aura in the affected body part and even stop it altogether.

3. #3Nodes

   Keys: nodes · Secondary:

   The points on the body from which aura flows out are called "aura nodes" (精しょう孔こう, Shōkō). Normally they are closed blocking aura to get out body

4. #4Emotion

   Keys: bloodlust · Secondary:

   Although the production of aura is unconscious and constant by all living beings, it is not only life energy. Aura carries with it the desires and emotions of the one who utilizes it, which is what allows for Nen to have incredible versatility for those who develop their skill at using it,[30] and it is also heavily influenced by the user's mental condition and emotional state.

   A basic application of this phenomenon is that one can channel their aggression or malice into their aura and direct it towards another person (i.e., bloodlust). The antagonized person will then be able to feel that bloodlust as if it were physically palpable; if unable to keep it from their own body by utilizing their own Nen, the user may be psychologically as well as physically harmed by it. In certain instances, emotional factors may even lead to one exceeding their current ceiling. This could potentially prove advantageous, but in general, using one's powers beyond their capacity entails a great risk and will ultimately cause strain.

5. #5Nature

   Keys: nature · Secondary:

   Affinity with nature is connected to sensitivity for aura. Wild animals are more perceptive in that regard than humans and may learn Zetsu spontaneously. However, only humans and certain Magical Beasts have displayed the ability to open their aura nodes and use Nen. Honing one's Nen abilities has the side effect of attuning them with nature to a greater degree, enabling the user to detect sounds, scents, and tracks that non-users would miss, as well as to attract wildlife.

6. #6Unknown

   Keys: unknown · Secondary:

   Though Nen is influenced by one's mental condition and emotional state, it is difficult to judge exactly to what extent these factors affect Nen. Someone can became capable of altering her appearance without actively training for it, wishing instead for her body to change for years, which caused the changes to manifest little by little.[49] It is also unclear just how subjective and dependent upon one's capacity to assess risk certain ability conditions and limitations are.

7. #7Individuality

   Keys: individuality · Secondary:

   There are six types of aura; Enhancement, Transmutation, Emission, Conjuration, Manipulation, and Specialization. Every individual is born having one of these six different aura types. Upon learning one's own aura type, a student of Nen can set about learning to apply the technique in a unique way that suits their personality, which can develop into a unique skill.

   There are numerical approximations to indicate exactly how efficient a Nen user would be at utilizing categories into which they were not born. Starting at one's own aura type, a Nen user has the potential to be 100% efficient at using abilities based in that category alone. Then looking at the category chart (see above), one has the potential to be 80% efficient at using aura types adjacent to one's primary type, 40% efficient at the category opposite of their own, and 60% efficient in the two remaining categories. Specialization is the exception to the rule, it is typically unusable for non-Specialists because it is impossible to partially use; one either can or cannot use Specialist abilities. However, turning into a Specialist later in life is possible, with Conjurers and Manipulators having the highest chance of succeeding.

   It is best to base a Nen ability on one's individual aura type. Though it is possible for one to develop abilities outside of his primary aura type, one is typically less proficient at using those abilities. By creating an ability that one isn't suited for, one risks stagnating their potential by overloading their capacity for using Nen, which is called "Memory Overload". However, there are examples of Nen masters, who have reached a high level in multiple categories and utilize them consistently in their primary Nen abilities. In fact, training in all the accessible categories is the fastest and most efficient way to improve one's skills in one's own Nen type, with the additional benefit of increasing one's flexibility and proficiency in Nen in general. The ideal training regiment is a bell curve, with the time spent on each category decreasing the farther away it is from the user's own type.

8. #8Geniuses

   Keys: genius · Secondary:

   Nen is like any other skill, in that there are those who can learn it faster than others. Some are able to discover how to manipulate their aura on their own without having formally learned it. These individuals are typically known as "geniuses", "psychics", or "superhumans" to the public. This can be anything from inadvertently being able to use the basic techniques of Nen[8] or unconsciously developing a unique Nen ability that can be used without really understanding how or why one is able to do so. Typically, geniuses of Nen are exceptional artisans in their own fields and their abilities are related to them.

9. #9Post-Mortem Nen

   Keys: Post-Mortem Nen · Secondary:

   The death of a Nen user does not necessarily result in the cessation of their abilities; on the contrary, it may cause pre-existing abilities to become even more powerful. The most common reason for this phenomenon to occur is a dying user harboring a strong grudge, which will cause their Nen to seek out the object of their hatred and cling to it. This makes curse-type abilities much more difficult to remove, to the point that fewer than ten exorcists in the whole world were deemed capable of lifting a curse left by the deceased.

10. #10Nen of the Flameconstant

    Keys: Nen of the Flame · Secondary:

    Nen of the Flame (燃ネン or ネン, Nen—lit. "Burn"*; "Flame" in the Viz translation) is sometimes used in Shingen-ryu kung fu as a precursor to learning actual Nen. They are mental exercises akin to meditation that strengthen one's force of will. Regular practice can smooth the flow of one's aura. The Four Exercises of Nen of the Flame are as follows:

    Ten (点テン, Ten; "Point"): Focus the mind, reflect upon the self, and determine the goal. Zetsu (舌ゼツ, Zetsu; "Tongue"): Put it into words. Ren (錬レン, Ren; "Temper"): Intensify your will. Hatsu (発ハツ, Hatsu; "Release"): Put it to action.

    Not all steps of this method directly manipulate aura and most have no visible effect. But given that Nen is linked to one's emotions and mental state, this method can be particularly useful to train Nen without aura, although normal use of the technique is usually preferred.

11. #11Four Major Principles

    Keys: Four Major Principles

    In order to fully understand Nen, one must first learn the Four Major Principles (四よん大たい行ぎょう, Yontaigyō—lit. "Four Major Lines") of the Shingen-ryu school of kung fu. Everything else, including a practitioner of Nen's individual skills, is based on the basic manipulations of one's aura flow. The Four Major Principles, in order of study, are: Ten, Zetsu, Ren, and Hatsu.

    These basic techniques become second-nature to those experienced in Nen. For example, a beginner must learn to use Ten and concentrate to maintain it; whereas someone with experience will practically always be in a state of Ten, even while they are asleep.

12. #12Ten

    Keys: Ten

    Once a person has opened their aura nodes, they must learn to keep their aura from leaking away from their body. Ten (纏テン; "Envelop"/"Shroud") is the process of keeping the nodes open, but also having aura flow through and around the body rather than away from it. Once maintained, it creates a thin shroud around the user that feels similar to standing in a lukewarm, viscous fluid. Once it has been learned, it will never be forgotten, much like swimming or riding a bike. Despite being the most elementary technique of all, Ten is also one of the most important, since, together with Ren, it plays an instrumental role in determining the strength and smoothness of a Nen user's aura flow.

    Ten maintains youthful vigor and reduces one's aging, since the energy powering the body no longer leaks away; one can then keep the body from breaking down and deter the aging process. Ten is also the most basic defense against emotional Nen attacks, and it also offers limited protection against physical attacks, but hardly any when said attacks are enhanced with aura. Through frequent meditation and practice, one can improve the quality of their Ten and eventually even maintain it in their sleep.

    Newborns with Nen instinctively learn Ten and Zetsu quickly to prevent fatigue.

13. #13Zetsu

    Keys: Zetsu

    While Ten allows a user to keep aura from leaking away from their body, Zetsu (絶ゼツ; "Suppress"/"Null") stops the flow of aura from their body altogether. By closing all of their aura nodes, the user is able to halt all outflow of their aura like water from a valve, making their presence much harder or even impossible to sense.

    Shutting off the nodes in their eyes prevents the user from being able to see aura, but, since they are no longer surrounded by their own aura, they become more sensitive to the aura of others. The enhancement in perception is such that Zetsu can counter In, although it is not advised to employ it in this way. This technique is thus doubly useful when tracking another person, as it will make it easier to follow them and prevent other Nen users from noticing their pursuer. However, there are other ways to perceive a person hiding with Zetsu: aside from the effectiveness of the five senses, particularly perceptive individuals are capable of detecting the gaze of another person, although they might not manage to discern the position and number of onlookers. Furthermore, if Zetsu is activated within a certain range from a Nen user, that Nen user might notice their presence disappearing, especially if the Zetsu user's aura is powerful. Despite the technique not affecting vision directly, activating Zetsu in front of someone else will give them the impression that the user has turned transparent.

    Zetsu can also be used to relieve fatigue, since it forces the body's external layer of aura to be fully contained within. For the same reason, it can be dangerous due to it leaving the body defenseless against any aura attack. Even a weak attack enhanced with Nen can do massive damage. Since even the thin protection offered by Ten is gone, a Zetsu user is also particularly susceptible to hostile emotional attacks, resulting in their mind becoming as vulnerable as their body.

    Newborns with Nen instinctively learn Ten and Zetsu quickly to prevent fatigue.

14. #14Ren

    Keys: Ren

    Ren (練レン; "Refine"/"Enhance") focuses on outputting a larger amount of aura than Ten, projecting it outwards explosively. This amplifies the user's physical strength and durability and provides a large pool of aura for any advanced techniques or individual skills they decide to use, albeit at the cost of expending said aura. If Ten is considered purely defensive, Ren can be regarded as its offensive counterpart, although it also grants the user vastly enhanced defensive abilities.

    By tinging one's Ren with hostility, a Nen user can exert what is colloquially referred to as "bloodlust". Prolonged exposure to malicious Ren can induce uncontrollable dread, paralysis, and if experienced without the protection of Ten, even death. On the other hand, a neutral Ren can rarely be felt by non-users. Since Ren is a show of power, it can also intimidate other Nen users, as it offers an approximate measure of the user's raw strength; in fact, when someone asks "show me your Ren", they generally mean that they want to see the fruits of one's training, such as a Nen ability, rather than their Ren itself. In most cases, Ren reflects the user's hostility without their control, and it can even leave faint traces in the environment after the Nen user has left the scene.

    One can train their Ren to extend its duration and increase the amount of aura at their disposal. It is said to take one month to prolong one's Ren outside of combat by 10 minutes. With the right timing, Ten can be used to contain the aura produced by Ren.

15. #15Hatsu

    Keys: Hatsu

    Hatsu (発ハツ; "Release"/"Act") is one's personal expression of Nen. Its qualities are influenced by, but not restricted to, the Nen user's natural Nen category, one of the six available. Hatsu is used to project one's aura to carry out a certain function, creating a special and unique paranormal ability[5] that is colloquially referred to as a "Nen Ability".

    At first, Hatsu appears simply as a consequence of using Ren during Water Divination; however, it is more than a mere property of the latter, and it can be trained individually either through Water Divination itself, which seems to only affect the user's natural category, or by honing one's skills in a Nen category via specific exercises. Once a certain level of skill has been attained, the student can attempt to create their personal Nen ability.

16. #16Nen Ability

    Keys: Nen ability

    A "Nen Ability" (念ネン能のう力りょく, Nen Nōryoku), or simply "Ability" (能のう力りょく, Nōryoku) is a special application of Hatsu as well as, potentially, other techniques.

    A good Nen ability reflects a person's own character and idiosyncrasies, regardless of its simplicity or complexity. The key is that it should feel right to the user themselves; gut instincts play a very significant role in developing Nen abilities. Furthermore, it is best if someone creates their own ability from scratch; if an ability can be achieved through Nen, then it is possible for anyone to learn how to use it, however one can never truly master Nen if they only copy someone else's abilities. Nonetheless, it appears to be possible for multiple individuals to develop the same ability.

    Since they can have an immensely vast range of effects, Nen abilities may be recognized as any manifestation of one's Nen that cannot be ascribed to one of the basic or advanced techniques. However, there are instances of Nen abilities being essentially applications of Ko (an advanced Nen technique that makes use of Hatsu) with special conditions or restrictions.

17. #17Initiationconstant

    Keys: initiation · Secondary:

    A student learning Nen trains to manually open and close their aura nodes so that they can control the flow of their aura. There are two ways to achieve this; one is the slow and careful way, in which one gradually learns this process through meditation. The other method is the fast and risky way, colloquially called Initiation (洗せん礼れい, Senrei—lit. "Baptism"), achieved by forcing the aura nodes to open via an influx of external aura, such as by having someone who is already able to control their aura channel a light burst of aura into the students body. Despite being much quicker, this method is typically frowned upon by Nen instructors due to the danger it poses to the student if the user is inexperienced or has malicious intent,[8] and it is not considered a standard teaching method. To convey the taboo of it, it is referred to as an "attack", which it might as well be, since non-users who awaken this way without having received an appropriate amount of training to control their aura nodes might suffer from exhaustion for a long time due to being unable to control the aura leakage, though the rarest of prodigies might be able to quickly get a grasp on controlling their aura. It is also possible that the recipient might take damage from the process itself, which could result in serious mutilation.

    Initiation via physically attacking another person is standard practice at Heavens Arena when a non-user reaches the 200th floor and typically results in injury, permanent disability, or even death. Nonetheless, this is by no means the only way to force or, more appropriately, semi-force the aura nodes open. The same result can be achieved through "indirect attacks", non-violent or even beneficial uses of aura on a non-user, such as through healing, lending, or first-class Manipulation abilities. Experienced Nen users can open a student's aura nodes simply by performing Hatsu on them.

    A state of half-awakening exists in which an individual may be able to control their aura to a certain degree and release a more significant amount than an average person, but still have some of their aura nodes closed, which may result in their being unable to see aura. This state can be found in some victims of Manipulation Nen as well as in Halkenburg's bodyguards, who reached it through the ability of the Prince's Guardian Spirit Beast.

18. #18Progressionconstant

    Keys: mastery · Secondary:

    While all living things possess aura and all humans (as well as possibly beings of other species) can master Nen, some excel at its usage more than others. What exactly factors into potential is, for the most part a mystery, but it appears to be predominantly a congenital factor, since statistical estimations about its rarity can be made and evidence points against it changing over the course of one's life. The rubric of "potential" or "talent" entails both the maximum degree of mastery that one could achieve and the speed of one's learning, which seem to be directly proportional: the faster one learns, the higher their upper ceiling is assumed to be. It is important to note that learning rate can have multiple meanings: Someone who's took more time than other one to control the flow of his aura, but was able to discover multiple Nen techniques on his own, so his potential is not implied to be lower than this other one. The circumstances of one's growth can also combine with one's talent to facilitate learning, further highlighting that the rate of progression should not be taken as a perfectly transparent indicator of one's maximum potential, although in general it can be considered fairly reliable. There is an introductory exercise that can reveal a person's talent, but there are also Nen users with the ability to estimate another's potential at a glance.

    There might be anecdotal evidence in support of talent for Nen depending at least in part on genetics and/or family history, like: The fathers of someone and other one, whose potential can be found only in one person out of 10,000,000, are both vastly above-average Nen users, which that they children have same or similar potential to them, and third one, who was called a genius, descends from a lineage of hosts of parasitic Nen beasts and possibly Nen users. On the other hand, body type and sex are unrelated to one's potential, at least from a purely mechanical standpoint. However, the user's perception of physical traits will affect their Nen (i.e., if they believe men should have powerful bodies or women are naturally faster) since the user's mind shapes it, subconscious biases, and strongly held beliefs, with each of these affecting how their Nen functions. It is possible, though not definitive, that age affects the speed of one's learning.

    Of course, potential alone does not ensure that one will grow into a powerful Nen user, with one's training regimen being fundamental in this regard. Furthermore, talent does not guarantee that one will progress in all areas of Nen with the same ease, as the comparison between someone and other one revealed. One's growth can also be stunted by training the wrong Nen categories. Conversely, training in a manner that not only fits the user's personality and style but done to the extreme, can give a user unbelievable growth beyond initial indicators of their abilities. Fourth one once believed he'd reached his limits physically and mentally as a martial artist. He resolved to spend his days in a mountain which became years. During that time, he obsessively followed the same training ritual to a point others would call insane. When fourth one finished his training, he had grown so much that he would eventually be known as the world's strongest Nen user. A enemy even surmised that for fourth one to have become so powerful, he would have had to have undergone training so severe as to be compared to abandoning oneself to madness

19. #19Proficiency

    Keys: proficiency · Secondary:

    There is a system of levels to measure one's proficiency in Nen, the known rankings are Skillful, Excellent, Natural, and the highest rank, Extreme, and 10 level of proficiency, starting the 1 and ending the 10.

    Start in Skillful (level 4), next up to Excellent (level 6), them go to Natural (level 8) and end in Extreme (level 10), the peak of proficiency.

    They are based in knowledge, training and experience.

20. #20Advanced Techniques

    Keys: advanced techniques

    After acquiring a working command of the basics, a student is introduced to a series of advanced techniques that often combine and/or derive from the Four Major Principles. These techniques vastly expand the user's options in combat, but they also consume more aura than the Four Major Principles.

21. #21Gyo

    Keys: Gyo

    Gyo (凝ギョウ, Gyō; "Focus") is an advanced application of Ren by which a Nen user concentrates a larger than normal portion of their aura into one specific body part. It increases the strength of that one body part, but leaves the rest of the body more vulnerable.

    Gyo is most often used in the eyes, allowing a Nen user to see aura and Nen constructs concealed with In, as well as traces of aura so faint that they might go unnoticed otherwise.

    An alternative version of this technique gathers only the aura naturally leaking from the body instead of the greater amount produced by Ren. This application of Gyo can still increase the amount of aura in one select body part and thus its power, but the output is much lower than what is obtained through the regular technique. It is unlikely this lower-consumption Gyo could counter In, since Wing had his students perform Ren to do so. However, it has proven to suffice to see thin layers of aura as well as to perform Water Divination correctly.

22. #22Shu

    Keys: Shu

    Shu (周シュウ, Shū; "Enfold") is an advanced application of Ten. Shu allows a Nen user to enshroud an object with their aura and to use that object as an extension of their own body. For example, one could use Shu to extend their Ten around a weapon, which would strengthen and protect it. Shu can also be combined with other techniques, such as Ko.

23. #23Ken

    Keys: Ken

    Ken (堅ケン; "Fortify") is the advanced form of the basic Ten and Ren techniques. It is a primarily defensive technique where a Nen user maintains a state of Ren for a prolonged amount of time. The amount of aura surrounding the user's body during Ken is about 10 times higher than during Ten.

    Ken allows a Nen user to guard against attacks from any direction, but the large amount of aura produced makes it tiring to maintain. It is considered the best option to defend against Ko, despite not being as powerful as the latter on any given part of the body, as it protects all of it evenly. When not immediately at risk of being struck with Ko, Ken is utilized when one wants to be cautious. Some Nen users choose to expand its radius so as to sense incoming attacks they are unable to see, as a miniature En of sorts. Sometimes Ken is colloquially called Ren owing to the similarities between the two techniques.

24. #24Ryu

    Keys: Ryu

    Ryu (流リュウ, Ryū; "Flow") is the term for use of Gyo while in a state of Ken to perform real-time offensive and defensive value adjustments. If Ko dedicates 100% of one's aura to offense or, much more rarely, to defense, and Ken splits it evenly between the two, Ryu is redistributing one's aura according to any other percentage (e.g., by focusing 70% of one's aura in one fist and 30% everywhere else as one is about to strike, or 80% in one's leg and 20% everywhere else to block an incoming kick). It is utilized to damage a Ken user without leaving oneself as unprotected as during Ko, although the power of the technique is lower.

    Ryu is difficult to master, as it requires the user to not only control one's aura flow with great precision, but also be able to estimate the amount of aura utilized by the opponent at a glance. Even if the technique is performed correctly, the movements of the aura flow risk giving away the user's next move if they are too slow.

25. #25Ko

    Keys: Ko

    Ko (硬コウ, Kō; "Temper") is a combination of Ten, Zetsu, Ren, Hatsu, and Gyo in which all of the user's aura is concentrated into one particular body part. Gyo focuses aura on a part of the body, while Ten prevents it from dispersing. Zetsu is used to completely stop the flow of aura in all other parts of the body, increasing the output in the desired area. With Ren, the amount of aura is increased even further. This makes that one body part extremely powerful, both in terms of offensive might and defensive durability; Ko is already very powerful by itself, but even more so when combined with the user's speed and strength, according to Bisky, it may even be dozens of times more powerful.

    The drawback is that it leaves the rest of the user's body completely unprotected. If one Nen user uses Ko offensively and another uses it defensively, then unless there is a major disparity in their strength, the defensive Ko would be able to protect against the offensive Ko easily enough; however, if the defender is hit anywhere that is not protected by Ko, then they are sure to be destroyed. Due to the risk it carries, Ko is generally regarded as a purely offensive technique.

    An incomplete version of this technique can be utilized without Ren, primarily to master the other steps before increasing the amount of aura to concentrate and contain. Some Nen users, Enhancers in particular, employ Ko as a Nen ability by adding conditions to it.

26. #26En

    Keys: En

    En (円エン; "Circle") is an advanced application of Ten and Ren. With Ren, aura usually envelops only a small amount of space around the user's body. En is when one extends their Ren over a wider area than normal, then uses Ten at the same time to contain and give shape to that aura, normally a sphere. Someone using En can feel the shape and movement of anything within the area covered by their aura, with the degree of awareness and finesse depending on their level of skill. Additionally, Nen users can be told apart from regular people due to their stronger reaction to the En user's aura. The downside to this technique is that it is extremely tiring and draining for the Nen user to expend so much aura continuously.

    The minimum requirement for it to be considered a successful usage of En is to extend one's aura to a radius of more than two meters (6.56168 feet) and hold it longer than one minute. Whereas those who master En are typically able to extend it to a circle with a 50 meter (54 yard, 2 foot, 0.5052 inch) radius. There are exceptions, however: Zeno Zoldyck, one of the most powerful assassins alive, is able to extend his En up to a radius of 300 meters (328.084 yards), while the Chimera Ant Neferpitou has an irregularly shaped En and can extend a tendril up to 2 kilometers (1 mile, 427 yards, and 8.0064 inches) and is also able to maintain En for several days at a time.

27. #27In

    Keys: In

    In (隱イン; "Conceal") is an advanced form of Zetsu used to render one's aura imperceptible, even to other Nen users, effectively concealing it. Unlike Zetsu, however, In does not stop the user's aura flow; instead, it hides it, making it impossible to perceive with any of the five senses or extrasensory perception. Hence, this technique is perfect for launching sneak attacks or laying traps, as it can conceal not only the user's presence, but also Nen constructs generated with Transmutation or Conjuration.

    In can be countered by using Gyo in the eyes or through Zetsu. When In conceals part (or even all) of the user's aura output, experienced Nen users can divine that their opponent is using it if little or no aura can be felt from them in circumstances which would normally require it, such as during combat.

28. #28Enhancement

    Keys: Enhancement

    If a student increases the quantity of water in the glass during their Water Divination, then that student is an Enhancer (強きょう化か, Kyōka). Enhancement (強きょう化か系けい, Kyōka-kei; abbrev. as 強) is the ability to use aura to strengthen or increase the natural abilities of an object or one's own body.[5] Enhancers are able to increase their physical attack and defense greatly and are best suited for melee combat. In fact, one's affinity for this category plays a crucial role in combat at all times, even when a Nen ability is not being used.

    A proficient Enhancer who also takes good care of their body can make it far more durable than a tank and generate the force of a missile with one blow. Enhancement is also the most balanced category. It allows users to spread themselves evenly between offense and defense and become very powerful using only simple abilities.

    It is a common belief that Enhancers generally do not need special techniques, as their natural category already has the best balance between attack and defense as its primary attribute. This might play into why most Enhancement abilities in the series appear to be mere applications of the basic and/or advanced Nen techniques. However, there do exist Enhancement abilities that are more complex, such as enhancing one's healing factor or boosting the target's growth. Notably, it is rare to find male Enhancers with supportive abilities, since most of them look to increase their direct combat prowess.

29. #29Transmutation

    Keys: Transmutation

    If a student changes the taste of the water in the glass during their Water Divination, then that student is a Transmuter (変へん化か, Henka). An affinity for Transmutation (変へん化か系けい, Henka-kei; abbrev. as 変) means a person can change the properties of their aura to mimic something else or replicate specific attributes. Transmuted aura can be made to take on the properties of natural elements, man-made substances, and even animals, among other things. Altering the shape of one's aura also falls into this Nen category.

    Transmuters are not limited to mimicking the properties of solid matter. For example, a Nen user can uses his aura to mimic the properties of electricity. Transmuters can also give their aura certain properties instead of replicating the characteristics of a substance in their entirety: a Nen ability Bungee Gum mimics and combines the properties of rubber and gum. It is several times more flexible, sticky, and durable than the actual substances. Another example is Machi, who transmutes her aura into strings which can be used to stitch severed body parts back on, reconnecting blood veins, nerves, muscles, and bones.

    Similar to Emission, constructs created via Transmutation are pure aura and, therefore, invisible to individuals incapable of using Nen. Transmutation is often mistaken for Conjuration due to their similarities. The difference is that Transmutation allows the user to make their aura mimic the properties of a substance, whereas Conjuration changes aura into the actual substance.

30. #30Emission

    Keys: Emission

    If a student changes the color of the water in the glass during their Water Divination, then that student is an Emitter (放ほう出しゅつ, Hōshutsu). An affinity for Emission (放ほう出しゅつ系けい, Hōshutsu-kei; abbrev. as 放) means that a user has an easier time separating their aura from their body.[5] Due to its properties, Emission is typically employed in abilities with an emphasis on range and/or those that have long-lasting effects. Basic applications include shooting out projectiles or beams of aura at high speed. Aura usually decreases in intensity very quickly when it leaves the source body, but adept Emitters can separate their aura from their body for long periods of time, over long distances, and still be able to maintain it and its functions. Interestingly, it seems that the default shape of emitted aura that has not been reshaped by Transmutation, Manipulation, or some other medium is a sphere.

    While Emission is primarily used to attack, it can also be used to propel oneself, or to cast an effect pertaining to another Nen type remotely. Advanced applications of this Nen category include teleportation and enabling one's aura to phase through non-living matter. Emission can also be combined with music to achieve surprising effects, such as relieving fatigue and transfixing the listeners.

    Emitted aura appears to cap the user's output, and the more aura that is separated from the user's body, the shorter the distance it can travel from the user. In some cases, users have shown the ability to recover emitted aura; although, thus far, this has only occurred when Manipulation was also involved.

31. #31Conjuration

    Keys: Conjuration

    If a student creates impurities in the water in the glass during their Water Divination, then that student is a Conjurer (具ぐ現げん化か, Gugenka). In most cases, Conjuration (具ぐ現げん化か系けい, Gugenka-kei; abbrev. as 具) involves creating a physical, independent, material object out of one's aura;[5] however, users of this category can also create laws and principles and affix them to a specific area, or even create their own pocket dimension. Though a Conjurer has to undergo a lot of visualization training, once they have mastered the materialization of a certain object, they can conjure it and dispel it in an instant, whenever they want.

    Constructs created via Conjuration have a subtle "independence" to them: under certain circumstances, they can continue existing even at a considerable distance from the Conjurer, or even if the Conjurer themselves are not aware that they have yet to be de-materialized. Furthermore, the durability of a conjured object can generally be taken as a measure of the user's skill, although conditions can be used to strengthen it.

    Some Conjurers have exhibited the capacity to alter the length and size of a materialized item. Additionally, Conjured objects can also possess special supernatural abilities. For instance, the Phantom Troupe thief, Shizuku, is able to conjure a vacuum cleaner that can infinitely suck up objects, but with the condition that it cannot suck up living things and things made with Nen. However, even if one were to completely master this Nen type, there would still be objects that would be impossible to materialize, such as a sword that can cut through anything, as they go beyond "human capacity". A Nen teacher vaguely described this principle as the inability to conjure objects overly supernatural.

    Similar to Manipulation, Conjuration abilities tend to be very specific, complex, and conditional. Conditions can be imbued into conjured objects to make them more powerful. By resorting to limitations, a Conjurer can take their ability a step further and materialize objects with properties that come even closer to exceeding human capacity, although they still cannot surpass it.

    Conjuration is the only way in which Nen can create things that non-users can see and touch, unless they are hidden from the senses with In. Alternatively, Conjurers can create abilities whose constructs are invisible to non-users and even specific Nen users, to the point that only one person may be able to perceive them. However, the fewer people there are who can see a conjured construct, the lower the risk and the more energy that is expended in its creation, resulting in an increased aura cost.

32. #32Manipulation

    Keys: Manipulation

    If a student moves the leaf floating on the water in the glass around the water's surface during their Water Divination, then that student is a Manipulator (操そう作さ, Sōsa). Abilities belonging to Manipulation (操そう作さ系けい, Sōsa-kei; abbrev. as 操) allow the user to control living or non-living things, including aura constructs. The main advantage of this category in combat is the ability to manipulate the enemy themselves.

    Abilities of this type are especially feared since the fight can be brought to an end as soon as the conditions are met. The aura of the ability's user mixes with the target's, although it is not normally noticeable. Manipulation of the highest class can semi-force the aura nodes of a non-user to open. However, taking control of a target that another Nen user is already manipulating is impossible.

    Manipulators are the Nen users who can pour the most aura into an object, and often rely on a medium to utilize their ability. The object they use as a medium will be one they have used for years. In many cases, they can inflict and maintain the effects of their abilities from afar, seemingly without the aid of Emission-type Nen, most commonly achieved with the aid of their specific medium.

    The degree of control is, for the most part, determined by a condition that may or may not put the Manipulator at risk or at a disadvantage (such as attaching an object to the enemy, or touching the enemy in a certain way): the higher the difficulty for the condition to be achieved, the better the degree of control. Additionally, the complexity of the orders assigned depends on the target: sentient beings and machinery can carry out more complex tasks than simpler, inanimate objects.

    There are multiple types of mind control:

    Soliciting (要よう請せい型がた, Yōsei-gata—lit. "Request Type") Manipulators leave the free will of the victim intact, but condition them into working in their favor. An example of a soliciting-type ability is rewriting the target's memories. An advantage of this type of control is that it can potentially be used on several targets by consuming only a small amount of aura. Halkenburg's Guardian Spirit Beast is presumed to employ this type of Manipulation Nen. Coercive (強きょう制せい型がた, Kyōsei-gata—lit. "Compulsion Type") Manipulators exert total control over the victim, taking over both their mind and body. Pseudo-coercive (半はん強きょう制せい型がた, Han Kyōsei-gata—lit. "Half Compulsion Type") Manipulators either take over the body of the victim or trap them into a situation where they have no choice but to follow the Manipulator's orders. Momoze's Guardian Spirit Beast employs this type of Manipulation Nen. The specifics of Diffusive Induction Type (誘ゆう導どう型がた, Yūdō-gata) Manipulation have yet to be explained in detail. It was described as weakly coercive but capable of influencing a large number of people, which it was seen doing by affecting their emotions towards a certain object. Salé-salé's Guardian Spirit Beast is known to employ this type of mind control.

33. #33Specialization

    Keys: Specialization

    If a student causes any other effect than those previously stated during their Water Divination, then that student is a Specialist (特とく質しつ, Tokushitsu). Specialization (特とく質しつ系けい, Tokushitsu-kei; abbrev. as 特) can be broadly defined as any abilities that do not belong to any of the other five categories, making it the vaguest Nen type. It also appears to be the rarest.

    In accordance with its nature, its effects are wide-ranging. When it comes to developing one's Nen ability, Specialists are not limited by affinities in the same way that other Nen users are, so they may combine multiple Nen types, including ones at opposite ends of the nen chart, into a single ability, or even create abilities that don't properly belong to any other type. Some Specialist abilities influence Hatsu itself (e.g., by appropriating others' Nen abilities or altering affinities), while others allow the user to garner knowledge that would be unattainable through other means, such as about past or future events. Others Specialist abilities have completely different effects. Consequently, Specialists are not as much at a disadvantage as users of other Nen types if their category is revealed.

    It is currently unknown how Specialists develop their Nen abilities, as Specialization does not follow a particular set of rules like the other Nen types do. In Neon's case, she obtained an ability that she had been wishing for since she was a child, while Tserriednich manifested his own ability one week after being initiated to Nen and without trying or even being aware of it. Specialist who do not become cognizant of their Nen type prior to developing an ability are at risk of misidentifying their own category.

    It seems that a Specialist's manifestation of Hatsu during Water Divination reflects their character and may thus give some insight into the general direction in which they might or should develop their ability, since Hatsu is profoundly affected by personality. However, the information received this way is vague enough that it is impossible to pin down just what kind of ability a Specialist has already developed through their results during the Water Divination test. Of the many possible effects that can occur during a Specialist's Water Divination, only three have been shown: Neferpitou's aura caused the leaf on top of the water to dry out and crumble; Tserriednich's caused the water to boil and a putrid smell to be released; and Kurapika's caused the water to change colors and the leaf to spin.

    Specialization differs from the other Nen types; one can either use it or one can't. It cannot be partially used, so only Specialists can use it. It is possible for one to become a Specialist later in life. However, it is more likely for its adjacent categories, Manipulators or Conjurers, which is why this category is placed at the bottom of the Nen chart. Since its position is dictated by a factor other than the affinity for other Nen types, it is currently unclear if it has the same acquisition rates as other categories, although it should be noted that the presence of Specialization in the chart affects other Nen types regularly. A Conjurer would only be able to use Manipulation to 60% of its full potential because the Specialization category sits between the two.

34. #34Dual Affinities

    Keys: dual affinities · Secondary: Dual affinities

    A person can have only one Nen affinity; however, some Nen users may lean on one side of their spot on the Nen category chart towards another, adjacent affinity. These Nen users can master that adjacent affinity more efficiently than normal because of this. Certain Nen users are directly in the middle between two affinities, giving them a dual affinity. This means that the Nen user is capable of mastering that second Nen affinity at the same speed they would their natural affinity. However, that Nen user would still have one Nen type as their primary affinity and the level and efficiency of the second affinity is still regulated by rules of the Nen category chart.

35. #35Water Divination

    Keys: water divination · Secondary:

    The most popular way (and the only sure-fire way seen in the series) of determining one's aura type is through Water Divination (水みず見み式しき, Mizumishiki). This divination requires one to float a leaf atop a glass of water. A student of Nen will place their hands around the glass and perform Ren (or focus a greater than normal amount of aura in their hands, such as through Gyo). The resulting effect from one's aura contacting the glass will identify a person's aura type.

    If the volume of the water changes, then the user is an Enhancer. If the taste of the water changes, then the user is a Transmuter. If the color of the water changes, then the user is an Emitter. If impurities appear in the water, then the user is a Conjurer. If the leaf moves on the water's surface, then the user is a Manipulator. If a completely different change appears, then the user is a Specialist.

36. #36Personality Test

    Keys: personality test · Secondary:

    Personality Diagnosis is a Nen-type identification method invented by a Nen user by which he claims that he can judge a person's Nen-type based on their personality. According to him, all people of one aura type are generally of the same personality type. By his own admission, however, this method is no more reliable than trying to discover someone's zodiac sign or blood type from just a personality analysis. According to his theory:

    Enhancers are simple and determined. Most of them never lie, hide nothing, and are very straightforward in their actions or in their thinking. Their words and actions are often dominated by their feelings. They are generally very selfish and focused on their goals. This is reflected in their Nen as Enhancers typically rely on simple and uncomplicated Nen abilities.

    Transmuters are whimsical, prone to deceit, and fickle; they can quickly consider something trash that they once treasured. They have unique characteristics; many are regarded as weirdos or tricksters. They often put forth a facade while hiding the truer aspects of their personalities. Even when they don't hide their personalities, they rarely reveal their true intentions. Many Transmuters rely on techniques that give unique and unpredictable properties to their Nen that reflect their personalities.

    Emitters are impatient, not detail-oriented, short-tempered, and quick to react volatilely. They resemble Enhancers in their impulsivity, but the difference between them is that Emitters tend to calm down and forget more easily. Because of the nature of Emission, many Nen abilities created by Emitters are primarily long range.

    Conjurers are typically high-strung or overly serious, stoic, and nervous. They are often on guard as to be cautious. They are very observant and logical, rarely falling into traps. Being able to analyze things calmly is the strength of Conjurers. Many of the items that Conjurers create are often used by them deliberately, practically, and logically.

    Manipulators are argumentative and logical. They advance at their own pace and tend to want to keep their families and loved ones safe. On the other hand, when it comes to pursuing their own goals, they do not listen to what others might have to say about it. While Manipulators often use techniques that allow them to control their opponents, some choose an inanimate medium to control.

    Specialists are independent and charismatic. They won't say anything important about themselves and will refrain from making close friends. However, because of their natural charisma that attracts others, they are always surrounded by many people.

37. #37Telltale Signs

    Keys: telltale Signs · Secondary:

    A Nen user was able to construct a system to identify Nen users and their Nen types through observation alone, which he claimed is the result of his experience. According to him, a way to differentiate between Nen users and non-users is that the outline of the former's iris appears discontinuous when looked at from the side. One of the shortcomings of this method is that it cannot tell Nen users apart from individuals who have only "half-awakened".

    A person's Nen category can be determined through some habits of theirs and the flow of their Ten:

    Enhancers and Transmuters, depending on their level of skill, have a soft, quiet Ten that shrouds the part of their body that activates their favorite attacks. Emitters and Manipulators generally have a broader Ten, and if they attempt to shrink it, their aura will appear darker. Manipulators also tend to want to keep their dominant hand free, as it is generally the one used for their abilities. Conjurers have strong Ten around the body part that activates their favorite abilities and a much gentler flow everywhere else. Like Manipulators, they will also prefer to keep their dominant hand free.

38. #38Morena's Researchconstant

    Keys: type probability · Secondary:

    A Nen user conducted research about how common each Nen type is. Though she claims her findings may not be accurate, she determined that the probability any given person is a specific Nen type to be as follows:

    Enhancement: 27% Transmutation: 19% Emission: 24% Conjuration: 15% Manipulation: 15% Specialization: 0.033%

39. #39Training Exercises

    Keys: training exercises

    Orthodox Nen training begins with meditation exercises, which are aimed at allowing students to gradually become aware of their aura flow even before their aura nodes are opened and to start to control it. In Shingen-ryu kung fu, the Ten step in the Nen of the Flame is also utilized as a way for the student to polish their mind and thus the flow of their Ten.

    The first meditation exercise has the aim of ascertaining the student's natural potential.[56] The student is required to put their index fingers slightly apart, and have the tips close in on each other until they have the sensation of pushing against something. The farther apart the fingertips are when the student begins to feel the presence of aura, the greater their predisposition. What follows are the basics of aura manipulation, even if the student is still incapable of seeing aura. In the first and only known exercise of this phase, the student is to place their hands in front of their chest and imagine forming a ball between them. This exercise is meant to develop the student's ability to feel their own aura. In general, it is performed for 10 days, with three sets of 10 minutes every day; particularly talented individuals can begin to sense their aura in five to seven days (although in extremely rare cases, some may succeed on the first try).

    Students generally learn to open the aura nodes in their eyes, thus obtaining the ability to see aura, in about one year, although gifted individuals can grasp the basics of Nen in six months. Once all of the student's nodes are opened, which normally occurs after one year of three hours of basic exercises every day, they are introduced to the first principle, Ten, learning to contain the leaking aura little by little through breathing exercises. Next is Ren, which in turn leads to Gyo and other techniques. Hatsu is first trained through the Water Divination exercise, by having the student attempt to produce a more pronounced change.

    Mastering Ten in six months is indicative of uncommon talent. Regardless of their level, it is advised that Nen practitioners train their Ten and Ren daily, since they are the foundations of all advanced techniques.

40. #40Biscuit's Training

    Keys: Biscuit's training

    Biscuit devised exercises to train her students in every aspect of Nen after they master the basic techniques enough to pass the "Secret Hunter Exam". She tailors her coaching method to best suit her students' needs, often giving them very precise instructions but also letting them reach the answer on their own from time to time. Unlike her former pupil Wing, she has her students train their physical, combat, and analytical abilities together with Nen. By her own admission, her regimen is much tougher than his.

41. #41Kurapika's Training

    Keys: Kurapika's training

    According to Kurapika, the way a person feels most comfortable clasping their hands together can hold information about the best way to introduce them to the basics of Nen. There are at least three groups:

    Those who touch their palms together and interlock their fingers as if in prayer are called "Prayers" (祈りプレイ型がた, Purei-gata—lit. "Pray-type"). The first exercise for them is to imagine scooping up water with their eyes closed. Those who grasp their hands like during a handshake are named "Shakers" (握手シェイク型がた, Sheiku-gata—lit. "shake-type"). The first exercise for them is to hold hands with other shakers in a circle and imagine their aura flowing clockwise. Those who grasp their wrist are called "Catchers" (片手主導キャッチ型がた, Kyatchi-gata—lit. "Catch-type"). The first exercise for them is to spin their hands in a circle and imagine making cotton candy in the air.

    With this method, it is supposedly possible to learn to generate enough aura to perform the Water Divination test after only one week of training; in reality, however, none of Kurapika's students performed their first Water Divination with their own aura, as they each had their aura nodes semi-forced open by his Nen ability. Kurapika implied to Hashito that his training is what prevented his students from depleting their aura reserves after being "initiated", which would mean that its real purpose was to introduce his students to the basics of aura manipulation.

42. #42Hatsu Training

    Keys: Hatsu training

    The first step to developing ones Hatsu ability is to strengthen their use of Hatsu itself. A student repeatedly practices Water Divination with the goal of making the effects more prominent. For example, in the case of an Enhancer, the first time performing Water Divination to find out their affinity, they would only increase the water enough to make a tiny trickle over the rim of the glass. A more well practiced Enhancer will cause the water to turn into a powerful geyser that shoots out with enough force to break the glass.

43. #43Nen Type Training

    Keys: Nen type training

    These exercises are structured in levels, and the student can generally progress to the next after achieving a certain degree of mastery over a lower one. Her students train in all accessible Nen types, which, on top of granting them more flexibility, allows them to progress in their own category more quickly. Her fundamental rule is that only one Nen category can be trained each day. Students normally focus on their natural category every other day, while the other types are rotated and more are added as the student progresses. When coaching Gon and Killua, Biscuit introduced them to Enhancement first and seemingly saved Manipulation for last.

44. #44Enhancement Training

    Keys: Enhancement training

    Level 1 - Rock Breaking

    The student enhances a stone's durability using Shu and Ko to repeatedly smash other rocks without breaking the one they are holding. The exercise ends when either a student manages to break 1,000 rocks in a day (in which case they are ready for the next level), or the rock they are holding shatters. On top of the aura consumption, the repetitive movement puts stress on the student's focus, causing their aura control to become less and less precise. Only one try a day is allowed.

45. #45Transmutation Training

    Keys: Transmutation training

    Level 1 - Shape-shifting

    The student must form the numbers 0 through 9 on top of their index finger by manipulating the shape of their aura (much like Biscuit does to train their Gyo), while also running. The student can proceed to the next level once they manage to form the 10 numbers in one minute, with the end goal being five seconds.

46. #46Emission Training

    Keys: Emission training

    Level 1 - Name Unknown

    This exercise consists of two parts. In the first, the student must form a small bubble out of their aura from the tip of their index finger and maintain it in place for one minute. Once they manage to do so, they have to attempt to throw it over a certain distance without the bubble dissipating. The time the aura bubble can stay afloat reflects the strength of one's Ten. An effort is also required to maintain the shape of the bubble. With proper discipline, one can eventually learn to maintain an aura sphere for two or three days at a time.

    Level 5 - Floating Hand

    After positioning themselves into a one-arm handstand, the student projects their aura outwards explosively from the hand that is touching the ground to propel themselves into the air. The student can proceed to the next level once they manage to launch themselves a few dozen centimeters; otherwise, they keep practicing for as long as they can maintain the handstand. A student who has mastered this level is able to knock an opponent back a dozen feet with an Emission attack.

47. #47Conjuration Training

    Keys: Conjuration training

    The first step for a Conjurer to develop a Nen ability is to decide what object they want to materialize. Then, they must undergo intense imagery training by being in contact with the object every waking moment, studying it with all five senses and drawing pictures of it. When the student begins to dream about the intended object every time, the teacher takes it away from them. The dreams are subsequently replaced by hallucinations, which get more and more real to the point that they also involve the senses of touch and hearing until the Conjurer unwittingly materializes the object.

48. #48Ren Training

    Keys: Ren training

    Very similar to the basics of Ken training, this step of Biscuit's regimen is intended to increase the student's aura pool (in particular, to allow them to maintain Ken for longer in combat). She can also quicken the student’s recovery with her Nen ability in order to accelerate their progress. Once the student manages to maintain Ren for three hours, they will still have to hold it for that amount of time every day. Biscuit also had Gon and Killua fight Knuckle right after the end of the exercise.

49. #49Gyo Training

    Keys: Gyo training

    The first exercise she has her students perform requires them to rapidly activate Gyo on their eyes and tell her what number she is forming with her In-concealed aura whenever she raises her index finger. If she has more than one student, she has them compete with one another, and the slower one to respond is penalized with physical exercises. If all her students are too slow, they are each punished. There is no set time for this exercise, and in fact, it is used to teach students to remain constantly vigilant and activate Gyo at the slightest hint of danger until it becomes second nature to them.

50. #50Shu Training

    Keys: Shu training

    On Greed Island, Biscuit had Gon and Killua dig through rock formations using regular shovels, confident that they would be able to figure out the existence of the technique and how to utilize it on their own.

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