Mayakovsky - RU LIT

Vladimir Mayakovsky Name: Vladimir, Vova, Vovochka, Volodya. Years of life: July 19, 1893 - April 14, 1930 Country: Russian Empire Field of activity: Poet Vladimir Mayakovsky was a tall man (about 190 cm) with a strong build. He had a large, expressive face with characteristic features: a broad forehead, deep-set eyes and a strong-willed chin. The poet usually cut his hair short and often wore formal suits. His appearance was as vivid and memorable as his poetry. Vladimir Mayakovsky did not immediately start writing poetry — at first he was going to become an artist and even studied painting. The poet's fame came to him after meeting the avant-gardists, when David Burlyuk enthusiastically greeted the first works of the young author. The futuristic group, Today's Lubok, The Left Front of Arts, the advertising Windows of Growth — Vladimir Mayakovsky worked in many creative associations. He also wrote for newspapers, published a magazine, made films, created plays and staged plays based on them. Vladimir Mayakovsky was born in Georgia in 1893. His father served as a forester in the village of Baghdadi, and later the family moved to Kutaisi. Here the future poet studied at the gymnasium and took drawing lessons: the only Kutaisi artist Sergey Krasnukha studied with him for free. When the wave of the first Russian revolution reached Georgia, Mayakovsky participated in rallies for the first time as a child. His sister Lyudmila Mayakovskaya recalled: "The revolutionary struggle of the masses also influenced Volodya and Olya. The Caucasus experienced the revolution especially acutely. Everyone there got involved in the struggle, and everyone was divided into those who participated in the revolution, who definitely sympathized with it and those who were hostile to it." In 1906, when Vladimir Mayakovsky was 13 years old, his father died of blood poisoning: he injured his finger with a needle while sewing papers. Until the end of his life, the poet was afraid of bacteria: he always carried soap with him, took a folding basin on trips, carried cologne with him for wiping and carefully monitored hygiene. After his father's death, the family found themselves in a difficult situation. Mayakovsky recalled: "After my father's funeral, we have 3 rubles. Instinctively, feverishly, we sold out the tables and chairs. We moved to Moscow. What for? I didn't even know anyone." In a Moscow gymnasium, the young poet wrote his first "incredibly revolutionary and equally ugly" poem and published it in an illegal school magazine. In 1909-1910, Mayakovsky was arrested several times: he joined the Bolshevik Party and worked in an underground printing house. At first, the young revolutionary was given "bail" to his mother, and for the third time he was imprisoned. Mayakovsky later called his imprisonment in solitary confinement "11 Butyrsky months." He wrote poetry, but a notebook with lyrical experiments—"stilted and tearful," as the author appreciated them—was taken away by the guards. In conclusion, Mayakovsky read many books. He dreamed of a new art, a new aesthetic that would be radically different from the classical one. Mayakovsky decided to study painting — he changed several teachers and a year later entered the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. Here the young artist met David Burlyuk, and later with Velimir Khlebnikov and Alexei Kruchenykh. Mayakovsky wrote poetry again, which his new comrades were delighted with. Avant—garde authors decided to unite against the "aesthetics of junk," and soon the manifesto of a new creative group appeared - "A Slap in the Face to public Taste." Futurists spoke at meetings — they read poems and lectures about new poetry. Vladimir Mayakovsky was expelled from school for public speaking. In 1913-1914, a famous futurist tour took place: a creative group toured Russian cities with performances. Vladimir Mayakovsky was interested not only in poetry and painting. In 1913, he made his debut in the theater: he wrote the tragedy "Vladimir Mayakovsky" himself, he staged it on stage and played the main role. In the same year, the poet became interested in cinema — he began writing screenplays, and a year later he starred for the first time in the film "Drama at the Futurist Cabaret No. 13" (the picture has not been preserved). During the First World War Vladimir Mayakovsky was a member of the avant-garde association "Today's Lubok". Its participants — Kazimir Malevich, David Burlyuk, Ilya Mashkov and others — drew patriotic postcards for the front, inspired by the traditional folk splint. They created simple colorful pictures for them and wrote short poems in which they ridiculed the enemy. Vladimir Mayakovsky was born on July 7, 1893 in Georgia, in the village of Baghdadi. Here his father, the impoverished nobleman Vladimir Konstantinovich Mayakovsky, served as a forester. The Mayakovsky family descended from the Zaporozhian Cossacks, the great-grandfather of the poet's father was a regimental commander of the Black Sea troops, which gave him the right to receive the title of nobleman. Later, the family moved to Kutaisi, where the father of the family would also work in the local forestry. Vladimir had two older sisters, Lyudmila and Olga, and two brothers, Konstantin and Alexander, died in infancy. In Kutaisi, the future poet studied at the gymnasium and took drawing lessons from the only Kutaisi artist Sergei Krasnukha. Like his parents, he was fluent in Georgian. In the 1924 poem Vladikavkaz—Tiflis, he calls himself a Georgian. As a child, he participated in revolutionary rallies.

In February 1906, his father died of blood poisoning, pricked himself with a needle while sewing papers. Until the end of his life, the poet carefully monitored his hygiene, he began to suffer from bacterophobia. After his father's death, the family found themselves in a very difficult financial situation. After selling everything they could, the family moved to Moscow. Family: Father - impoverished nobleman Vladimir Konstantinovich Mayakovsky (deceased); older sisters Lyudmila and Olga; two brothers, Konstantin and Alexander, died in infancy; mother - Alexandra Alekseevna Pavlenko. The direction is cubofuturism, Russian futurism. Genre - poem, poem, agitprop, play. In 1913, the poet's first collection of four poems was published, it was written by hand, lithographically reproduced in three hundred copies. These poems were included in the first section of the 1916 collection of poems "Simple as a Bellow." His poems have also appeared in futuristic collections.

V. Mayakovsky was interested not only in poetry and painting. In 1913, he staged his own tragedy "Vladimir Mayakovsky" on the stage of the theater and played in it himself. During the First World War, Mayakovsky was a member of the avant-garde group Today's Lubok. Its participants — Kazimir Malevich, David Burlyuk, Ilya Mashkov and others — drew simple colorful pictures and wrote short poems in which they ridiculed the enemy.

Mayakovsky wanted to volunteer for the front, but he was not accepted, being considered unreliable. Then Mayakovsky wrote the poem "To you!", which later became a song. In January 1914, he participated in the First Olympiad of Russian Futurism in Crimea. Mayakovsky and Burliuk were soon expelled from the school for public speaking.

On March 29, 1914, Mayakovsky, as part of the "famous Moscow futurists", arrived in Baku on tour. Mayakovsky read a report on futurism, supporting it with his poems[9].

In 1914-1915, the poet worked on the poem "A Cloud in his Pants." "Volodya loved donuts, and when I gave him money for breakfast at school, he asked for more to treat his friends." There was no money in the family. Mayakovsky wrote about this in his autobiography, "I am Myself." Writer Nikolai Aseev recorded a more detailed account of Vladimir's childhood.: "My mother had a pick-up book for a small grocery store. According to the book, the merchant turned out to have a loan not exceeding about ten rubles. I didn't want to burden my own appetite with expenses, which had no limits. Therefore, he moved to Petrovsko-Razumovskoye and rented a lodge from a forester there for the summer, carefully trying not to exceed his own "food" budget by more than three rubles a month. This is in the reasoning of my mother's fence book. Set the mode. Five pounds of smoked "iron" sausage for thirty—five kopecks a pound; ten bundles of mutton for a dime a bunch. The rest was supplemented by casual earnings selling burning and drawing products. But sausage and bagels were the mainstay. The sausage was suspended from the ceiling by rats. The steering wheels were hanging in the same place. Notches were made on the sausage: half a plate and two bagels for breakfast, an inch for lunch, and half a plate for dinner. But sometimes the appetite woke up indescribably. And then I ate lunch, dinner, and breakfast for three days at once." When Mayakovsky grew up, but the money did not appear, friends came to the rescue: "I established seven dining acquaintances. On Sunday I "eat" Chukovsky, on Monday I eat Evreinov, etc. It was worse on Thursday — I'm eating Repin's herbs. For a futurist who is six feet tall, this is not the case." Vladimir Mayakovsky loved music very much, but he often wrote in his diaries that "it was not for him to judge," as he understood it superficially.

However, this was a kind of cunning: the poet knew a lot about various trends and genres, followed the releases of new compositions, and communicated with modern composers. In general, Mayakovsky's attitude to music is easier to understand through the prism of his relationships with people from a musical environment. "Mayakovsky and I went together to the conservatory in the spring of 1912 to listen to a concert by Sobinov, who sang Tchaikovsky's romances to the students, nuancing them according to all the rules of the higher school of classical art. During the intermissions, Mayakovsky's bony, thin figure, slightly hunched over, hurried into the smoking room. Mayakovsky loved music." Mayakovsky could write good reviews, become a music critic. However, he did not consider his point of view to be the ultimate truth. Sergei Prokofiev can be called Mayakovsky's favorite composer. Once in The Stray Dog, the young Prokofiev played the play "Obsession." Once in the cafe, the poet drew a portrait of the composer (alas, not preserved) with the caption: "Sergei Sergeevich plays on the most delicate nerves of Vladimir Vladimirovich." And Prokofiev himself became the proud owner of a copy of the poem "War and Peace" with the caption: "Chairman of the globe from the music section — Chairman of the globe from the poetry section. Prokofiev — Mayakovsky." Mayakovsky closely followed Yesenin's work and was jealous of his fame (it was mutual), but the "fights" were only poetic, during speeches at literary evenings and debates. Lilya Brik recalled: "During Yesenin's lifetime, Mayakovsky argued with him, but they knew each other's worth. You didn 't express your good attitude — for reasons of principle ." Yesenin's first known meeting with Mayakovsky is described by Vasily Kamensky in his book of memoirs and by Mayakovsky himself in the article "How to Make Poetry." "One of the good apartments in Leningrad." Many people who knew Mayakovsky only from his public appearances — debates, poetry evenings, rallies— assumed that in life he was the same as on stage, a rebel in a yellow sweatshirt, fiercely fighting for new art, challenging the world order and God himself, a "rude Hun"

, an attacker of bourgeois traditions, an orator who mercilessly ridicules his ideological opponents. However, when they got to know him personally and saw him in a home, family or friendly setting, they were surprised and could not believe how different the created pop image was from a real person — caring, polite, helpful, quiet and gentle. "During these home hours, watching Volodya the son, so completely different, unrecognizable... I thought a lot about the fact that two Mayakovsky live in Volodya, two different beings, and at the same time those who are in a state of struggle with each other."

. Mayakovsky could be "rabid from meat" and at the same time "immaculately gentle" , apparently, was Fyodor Sologub's poetry salon, where, along with venerable authors, aspiring young talents performed. Sergei Yesenin read poetry there. Mayakovsky, who was present, recalled: "His very capable and very rustic poems were, of course, hostile to us futurists. But he seemed like a funny and sweet guy."

. Subsequently, when both poets were already widely known and loved by the public, especially young people, students, knowing about the rivalry, sometimes invited them to joint performances without warning them about it. He was born into the family of a forester. His height was 189 cm. The character is scandalous, bullying. At the age of 13, he moved with his family to Moscow (he was born and lived in Georgia). He studied in the same class with Boris Pasternak's brother. He enrolled and studied well at the gymnasium, but left it because he had nothing to pay for his studies. He was suspicious, carried soap and a soap dish with him, used it whenever possible. I was afraid of any kind of infection.He supported the Bolsheviks and shared the ideas of communism. He was arrested three times. He loved gambling, including taking risks in Russian roulette. He wrote "A cloud in his pants" at the age of 22. He had an aptitude for drawing. He was engaged in painting. Ilya Repin praised his drawings. He suffered from nervous disorders and clinical depression. Tall, tough, and ruthless in verse, as if with features carved out of stone, Vladimir Mayakovsky was the epitome of a new era, the era of the collapse of the former world and the formation of the Soviet state. Let's start with the hair – Mayakovsky's hair was thick, dark and unruly. How did it happen that the poet decided to part with them? This story is described in detail in the memoirs of Korney Chukovsky. In 1915, Mayakovsky came to Petrograd and settled in the holiday village of Kuokkala on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, and nearby were Repin's dachas (the famous "Penates") and Chukovsky. At that time, the poet was composing the poem "The Thirteenth Apostle" ("Cloud in pants"). According to Chukovsky's memoirs, Repin "had a fiery hatred for the group of artists he called "futurnia." Futurnia, for its part, has been vilifying him for three years now."

Korney Ivanovich was often visited by Mayakovsky and Repin, he was afraid of their accidental meeting – a serious scandal could come out. And one summer day, when Mayakovsky was reciting excerpts from an unfinished poem on Chukovsky's terrace, Ilya Yefimovich and his daughter appeared. After greeting everyone ceremoniously, as usual, the artist asks the poet to continue reading and, to everyone's surprise, after a while he says in love: "Bravo, bravo!" "The Thirteenth Apostle" is followed by "The Veil Jacket" and "Nate" – Repin admiringly compares Mayakovsky with Mussorgsky. It is worth noting that Mayakovsky changed his style of clothing more than once and attached considerable importance to it – in his opinion, clothes served as one of the important conduits of a new artistic taste. Perhaps the most famous item of his wardrobe was the "yellow" blouse, which the poet sported in his youth and which he wore to his first public appearance at the Polytechnic Museum in 1913. For Mayakovsky, the striped yellow and black shirt became a slap in the face of public taste. The reason for this style, of course, was not only a protest against the rule of performing in tailcoats and frock coats, but also the lack of opportunity to buy good clothes. The family lived poorly, and during his studies at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, Mayakovsky had only a few loose-fitting satin blouses, which he belted with a silk cord. He bought the black and yellow blouse for his famous sweatshirt himself, going around the manufactory stores in search of inexpensive but eye-catching fabric. Tall (almost 190 centimeters), powerful – Mayakovsky could be seen from afar. He had a phenomenal memory, could recite a whole collection of poems by heart, and keep them in order. He composed poetry on the move, without writing it down, and he could also read Akhmatova, Pasternak, and Severyanin on the move. Size 46 boots with metal pads and a cane seemed to be tapping out a rhythm. Once in Berlin, Mayakovsky chose low-rise athletic shoes with thick soles in a store and then wrote about them: "Big, expensive and strong, like Russia itself."