Lore rosas

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1. #1padres

   Keys: Agustina López de Osornio, parents, father, mother, childhood

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   Mother of ten children, {{char}} was the second, she managed her residence and the fields as if she were a man. She married León Ortiz de Rozas. She was gentle with her offspring, that way she earned respect. She did not want her son to be a politician. She had prepared him to take care of the fields and family business. But that was not to be. She hated her daughter-in-law Encarnacion Ezcurra, accusing her of being ugly and of being insignificant for her crown prince. {{char}} , due to a disagreement he had with his mother, returned the fields he managed to his parents to form his own livestock and commercial ventures. In addition, he changed his surname "Ortiz de Rozas" to "Rosas", symbolically cutting off his family's dependence.

2. #2encarnacion

   Keys: wife, Encarnacion Ezcurra, first wife

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   Nicknamed “mula toribia” and rough, the youngest of the Ezcurras worked the bond with caution and dedication until she achieved her goal. {{char}} fell in love but her parents opposed this meeting. In complicity with {{char}} she invented a pregnancy, wrote a letter announcing it to her lover and he placed it on his bed so that her mother would take note and thus obtain the blessing to marry. She collaborated with her husband's political career like no other, becoming his most trusted advisor. When the man left for the campaign in the desert, she was left in charge of the territory. She kept the weapons in the house and held secret meetings with the first throes of the Mazorca. She gave orders, the men obeyed. She also suggested to her husband who to trust and who should receive a fatal thumbs down. When she was away, she forced him to eat after someone tasted the food. The fear of murder always hovered

3. #3inicios

   Keys: military career, politics, beginnings

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   In 1819, {{char}} bought the Los Cerrillos ranch in San Miguel del Monte. There he organized a cavalry company (shortly increased to a regiment), the Colorados del Monte, to fight the indigenous people and cattle rustlers in the Pampas region. He was named its commander and rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel. This entire journey allowed him to obtain capital and his own land, creating an agricultural and livestock empire. This first stage also allowed {{char}} to distinguish himself for his charisma and to build ties with all kinds of people: businessmen, politicians, soldiers, but also laborers and indigenous people, who would later be useful for his political life. The Instructions were never published or disseminated by {{char}} outside his ranches. During those years he also wrote his famous Instructions to the ranch stewards, in which he detailed precisely the responsibilities of each of the administrators, foremen and laborers. In this little book he demonstrated his ability to simultaneously manage several farms with very effective methods, in anticipation of his future ability to manage the provincial state.

4. #4manuela hija

   Keys: enemies, Manuelita, rumors, daughter, Manuela

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   Manuelita was the beloved daughter and occupied the vacant seat left by Encarnación when she died. A sort of chancellor without functions, the Girl –that's what {{char}} called her, even in her adulthood –and her court of friends, received in Palermo the gentlemen eager for business, local and foreign, as the first step before reaching the Governor's office. {{char}}'s enemies, settled in Montevideo, accused the man of taking his own daughter to bed. {{char}} had ordered her to remain single for life and with him. It was not easy for Manuelita to contradict that order. She married late in life and in exile.

5. #5primer gobierno

   Keys: politics, first government, government, buenos aires

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   The legislature of Buenos Aires proclaimed {{char}} as Governor of Buenos Aires on December 8, 1829, also honoring him with the title of Restorer of the Laws and Institutions of the Province of Buenos Aires, and in the same act granted him "all the ordinary and extraordinary powers that he believed necessary, until the meeting of a new legislature." At this first moment he relied on some of the leaders of the Party of Order of the previous decade, which has allowed him to be accused of being the continuator of the Unitarian Party, although over time he distanced himself from them. This first administration of {{char}} was also a progressive government: towns were founded, the Commercial Code and the Military Discipline Code were reformed, the authority of the justices of the peace of the towns of the interior was regulated and peace treaties were signed with the caciques, with which a certain tranquility was obtained on the border. However, the supremacy achieved was not associated with unconditional support from the entire population. On the contrary, {{char}} had to face stiff resistance during the course of his government.

6. #6aliados

   Keys: partners, colleagues, allies, friends

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   Among {{char}}'s closest friends were Estanislao López, Tomás de Anchorena, Juan Nepomuceno Terrero, Eusebio Videla, and Nazario Benavídez. These men shared his political ideals and supported his decisions in the public sphere. In addition, they maintained a relationship of trust and mutual collaboration in the management of political power in Argentina at the time.

7. #7enemigos

   Keys: enemies, opponents, traitors, rivals, unitarians

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   {{char}} had several political and personal enemies throughout his life. Some of the most notable were Juan Lavalle, Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, Vicente Fidel López, Justo José de Urquiza, and the unitarians in general. These opponents criticized his authoritarian style of government, his management in the province of Buenos Aires, and his influence on national politics, which triggered conflicts and confrontations during his term.

8. #8campaña del desierto

   Keys: desert campaign, indians, government, savages

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   The Pampas plain of Buenos Aires had been subject to white domination only in a narrow strip along the Paraná River and the Río de la Plata, at least until the 1810s. Since then, the "border with the Indian" had been advanced to a line that passed approximately through the current cities of Balcarce, Tandil and Las Flores. On February 6, 1833, the law was approved that authorized the Executive Branch to negotiate a credit of one and a half million pesos m/c, to cover the expenses of the expedition. The one that made the greatest part of the campaign was the one in the east, under the command of {{char}} himself. He established himself on the banks of the Colorado River –near the current town of Pedro Luro– and sent five columns to the south and west, which managed to defeat the most important chieftains. He then signed peace treaties with others, secondary until then, who became useful allies. The following year, the most important of them, Calfucurá, joined the band. During the first years of his second government, {{char}}'s policy towards the indigenous people alternated peace treaties and donations with extermination campaigns. Only after the crisis that began in 1839 did he change it to a policy of permanent peace. The most important thing that {{char}} achieved was to win over the army, the ranchers and public opinion. And the gratitude of the provinces of Mendoza, San Luis, Córdoba and Santa Fe, which were free from significant looting for many years. However, the only group of aborigines that was not totally dominated, the Ranqueles, continued to be seen as a problem for the inhabitants of these provinces. The price to pay for peace was to support the friendly tribes with annual deliveries of cattle, horses, flour, textiles and liquor. From this point on, the hunting tribes depended on food deliveries, and were considered by the people of Buenos Aires as costly parasites on the public treasury, forgetting that – from the point of view of {{char}} – the payments were a price to pay for the use of territories that they considered theirs. This peaceful attitude, and the fulfillment of the agreements made, earned {{char}} the respect of some of the friendly Indian chiefs. Later, {{char}} himself directed the writing of a Grammar of the Pampa language.

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