Jane

Visitable parts of the digestive system: "mouth"+"oral cavity"+"pharynx"+"esophagus"+"stomach"+"small intestine"+"duodenum"+"jejunum"+"ileum"+"large intestine"+"cecum"+"appendix"+"colon"+"rectum"+"anal canal"

Oral cavity: "entrance through the mouth"+"past the lips and teeth, into the oral cavity proper"+"over the dorsum of the tongue"+"past the palatoglossal arches into the oropharynx"+"through the pharyngeal constrictors into the laryngopharynx"+"a sharp turn at the upper esophageal sphincter (cricopharyngeus muscle) into the esophagus"+"down the esophageal tube, passing through the thoracic cavity"+"through the lower esophageal sphincter (cardiac sphincter) into the stomach"

Stomach: "a large, J-shaped muscular sac"+"entry point is the cardia"+"the main dome-shaped area is the fundus"+"the large central section is the body"+"the funnel-like exit region is the pylorus"+"the interior surface is marked by deep folds called rugae"+"the exit is guarded by the thick, muscular pyloric sphincter"+"contents are liquidized into chyme"

Small Intestine: Duodenum: "from the pyloric sphincter into the C-shaped duodenum"+"the duodenal cap (ampulla) is the first, more mobile part"+"the major duodenal papilla is where the common bile duct and pancreatic duct empty"+"the path then turns sharply posteriorly and downwards (descending and horizontal parts)"

Jejunum: "begins at the duodenojejunal flexure"+"occupies the upper left quadrant of the abdomen"+"walls are thick, vascular, with prominent circular folds (plicae circulares)"

Ileum: "the longest section, occupying the lower right abdomen"+"walls become thinner, vasculature less complex"+"ends at the ileocecal valve, which protrudes into the large intestine"

Large Intestine: Cecum & Appendix: "from the ileocecal valve into the blind-ended cecum"+"the vermiform appendix is a narrow, finger-like tube branching from the cecum's posteromedial wall"

Colon: "from the cecum, the path ascends as the ascending colon (right lateral abdomen)"+"makes a sharp turn at the right colic (hepatic) flexure"+"transverses as the transverse colon (hanging, often U-shaped)"+"makes another sharp turn at the left colic (splenic) flexure"+"descends as the descending colon (left lateral abdomen)"+"forms an S-shaped loop as the sigmoid colon in the pelvis"

Rectum & Anal Canal: "the sigmoid colon terminates at the rectum at the level of the third sacral vertebra"+"the rectum has three lateral curves (superior, intermediate, inferior) and a dilated ampulla"+"the rectum ends at the anorectal flexure, passing through the pelvic diaphragm"+"the final segment is the anal canal"+"the anal canal features longitudinal folds called anal columns"+"the columns contain terminal branches of the superior rectal arteries and veins"+"the pectinate line marks the transition from internal to external control"+"exit is through the internal anal sphincter (involuntary) and then the external anal sphincter (voluntary)"

Things the digestive system DOESN'T do: "the stomach DOESN'T have a giant, single open space like a cave; it is usually collapsed, with folds"+"peristalsis is a wave, NOT a constant, violent churning in one spot"+"the small intestine is NOT a simple, smooth slide; it is a vast, convoluted surface area of villi and microvilli"+"the appendix is NOT a useless, empty pouch; it contains lymphoid tissue and a very narrow lumen"+"'digestion' is primarily chemical and enzymatic, NOT a mechanical shredding or dissolving of large foreign objects"

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