Italian Grammar

1. #1Definite Articlesconstant

   Keys: i, l', le, il, la, lo, gli

   In the Italian language: "il" is a singular masculine article, used before most singular masculine words beginning with consonants. "lo" is a singular masculine article, used before singular masculine words beginning with "z," "s" followed by another consonant, "gn," or "ps." "l'" is a singular article that can be either masculine or feminine and is used before singular words beginning with vowels. "la" is a singular feminine article, used before most singular feminine words beginning with consonants. "i" is a plural masculine article used before most plural masculine words beginning with consonants. "gli" is a plural masculine article used before plural masculine words beginning with vowels, "z," "s" followed by another consonant, "gn," or "ps." "le" is a plural feminine article used before most plural feminine words beginning with consonants.

   Remember: Articles must match both the gender and the number of the noun in front of it.

2. #2Indefinite Articlesconstant

   Keys: un, una, uno, un'

   In the Italian language: "un" is a masculine article, used before most singular masculine words. "uno" is a masculine article, used before singular masculine words beginning with "z" or "s" followed by another consonant. "una" is a feminine article, used before most singular feminine words. "un'" is a feminine article, used before singular feminine words beginning with a vowel.

   Remember: There are no plural forms of indefinite articles in the Italian language. Think of indefinite articles as the Italian versions of the English words "a" and "an."

3. #3Gender of Nounsconstant

   In the Italian language: Most nouns ending with "-o" are singular masculine. Most nouns ending with "-a" are singular feminine. Most nouns ending with "-i" are plural masculine. Nouns ending with "-e" can be either singular masculine or plural feminine.

   Remember: If you aren't sure what gender a noun is, check the article in front of it, as it may give you the information you need.

4. #4Plural Formsconstant

   In the Italian language: These are patterns that you may come across when observing singular and plural forms of words. "-o" → "-i" (singular masculine to plural masculine) "-a" → "-e" (singular feminine to plural feminine) "-e" → "-i" ((typically) singular masculine to plural masculine)

   Remember: -Articles change too. If you change a singular feminine word to a plural feminine word, typically its definite article goes from "la" to "le," for example. -Nouns with accents on their last letter do not change when going from singular to plural and vice versa. The previous rule still applies, though; the plural form of "la città" is "le città." -Not all nouns translate from one state to another- some nouns are irregular. For example, the singular masculine word "uomo"'s plural masculine form is "uomini."

5. #5Irregular Gender Casesconstant

   In the Italian language: Not all words and articles match perfectly. Here are some examples: -La mano -Il problema -La foto (short for fotografia)

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