Hockey Terms & NHL Core

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1. #1Hockey & Hockey Teams

   Keys: Hockey Skates, Hockey Team, Hockey Rink, Ice Hockey, Hockey

   Definition: Ice hockey (or simply hockey in North America) is a team sport played on ice skates, usually on an ice skating rink with lines and markings specific to the sport. It is a full contact game and one of the more physically demanding team sports. Ice hockey is played on a hockey rink. During normal play, there are six players on ice skates on the ice per side, one of them being the goaltender. The objective of the game is to score goals by shooting a hard vulcanized rubber disc, the puck, into the opponent's goal net at the opposite end of the rink. The players use their sticks to pass or shoot the puck. The six players on each team are typically divided into three forwards, two defencemen, and one goaltender. The term skaters typically applies to all players except goaltenders. The forward positions consist of a centre and two wingers: a left wing and a right wing. Forwards often play together as units or lines, with the same three forwards always playing together. A substitution of an entire unit at once is called a line change. Teams typically employ alternate sets of forward lines and defensive pairings when short-handed or on a power play. Players are permitted to bodycheck opponents into the boards to stop progress. The referees, linesmen and the outsides of the goal are "in play" and do not stop the game when the puck or players either bounce into or collide with them. Play can be stopped if the goal is knocked out of position. Play often proceeds for minutes without interruption. After a stoppage, play is restarted with a faceoff. Two players face each other and an official drops the puck to the ice, where the two players attempt to gain control of the puck. A professional ice hockey game consists of three periods of twenty minutes, the clock running only when the puck is in play. There is a rest period between the three periods. The teams change ends after each period of play, including overtime. In ice hockey, infractions of the rules lead to a play stoppage whereby the play is restarted at a faceoff. Some infractions result in a penalty on a player or team. In the simplest case, the offending player is sent to the penalty box and their team must play with one less player on the ice for a designated time. Minor penalties last for two minutes, major penalties last for five minutes, and a double minor penalty is two consecutive penalties of two minutes duration. In hockey, a player may use his hip or shoulder to hit another player if the player has the puck or is the last to have touched it. This use of the hip and shoulder is called body checking. Not all physical contact is legal—in particular, hits from behind, hits to the head and most types of forceful stick-on-body contact are illegal. A typical game of hockey is governed by two to four officials on the ice, charged with enforcing the rules of the game. There are typically two linesmen who are mainly responsible for calling "offside" and "icing" violations, breaking up fights, and conducting faceoffs and one or two referees who call goals and all other penalties.

2. #2Hockey Equipment

   Keys: Helmet, Puck, Mouth Guard, Gear, Skates, Shoulder Pads, Equipment · Secondary: Hockey

   Since ice hockey is a full-contact sport, body checks are allowed so injuries are a common occurrence. Protective equipment is mandatory and is enforced in all competitive situations. This includes a helmet with either a visor or a full face mask, shoulder pads, elbow pads, mouth guard, protective gloves, heavily padded shorts (also known as hockey pants) or a girdle, athletic cup (also known as a jock, for males; and jill, for females), shin pads, skates, and (optionally) a neck protector. Ice hockey skates are optimized for physical acceleration, speed and manoeuvrability. This includes rapid starts, stops, turns, and changes in skating direction. Goaltenders use different equipment. Each player other than the goaltender carries a stick consisting of a long, relatively wide, and slightly curved flat blade, attached to a shaft. The curve itself has a big impact on its performance. A deep curve allows for lifting the puck easier while a shallow curve allows for easier backhand shots. The flex of the stick also impacts the performance. Typically, a less flexible stick is meant for a stronger player since the player is looking for the right balanced flex that allows the stick to flex easily while still having a strong "whip-back" which sends the puck flying at high speeds.

3. #3Full Contact Sport & Injuries

   Keys: Head Contact, Extra attacker, Injury, Offside, and poke checking, Snap shot, Body checking, Enforcer, Wrist shot, Full Contact, sweep checking, Check, Fight, No Contact, Goal, Backhand slapshot, Deke, Shot, Stick checking, Slapshot · Secondary: Hockey

   Ice hockey is a full-contact sport and carries a high risk of injury. Players are moving at speeds around approximately 20–30 mph (30–50 km/h) and much of the game revolves around the physical contact between the players. Skate blades, hockey sticks, shoulder contact, hip contact, and hockey pucks can all potentially cause injuries. Compared to athletes who play other sports, ice hockey players are at higher risk of overuse injuries and injuries caused by early sports specialization by teenagers. One of the leading causes of head injury is body checking from behind. Due to the danger of delivering a check from behind, many leagues – including the NHL – have made this a major and game misconduct penalty. Another type of check that accounts for many of the player-to-player contact concussions is a check to the head resulting in a misconduct penalty (called "head contact"). An important defensive tactic is checking—attempting to take the puck from an opponent or to remove the opponent from play. Stick checking, sweep checking, and poke checking are legal uses of the stick to obtain possession of the puck. Fighting is not an uncommon occurrence at the professional level, and its prevalence has been both a target of criticism and a considerable draw for the sport. At the professional level in North America fights are unofficially condoned. Enforcers and other players fight to demoralize the opposing players while exciting their own, as well as settling personal scores. A fight will also break out if one of the team's skilled players gets hit hard or someone receives what the team perceives as a dirty hit. Fights are governed by a system of unwritten rules that players, coaches, officials, and the media refer to as "the code". Some fights are spontaneous, while others are premeditated by the participants. While officials tolerate fighting during hockey games, they impose a variety of penalties on players who engage in fights. Rules of the NHL, the North American junior leagues, and other North American professional minor leagues punish fighting with a five-minute major penalty. There are game-related reasons and personal reasons for fighting during a game. There are several informal rules governing fighting in ice hockey that players rarely discuss but take quite seriously. The most important aspect of this etiquette is that opposing enforcers must agree to a fight, usually via a verbal or physical exchange on the ice. This agreement helps both players avoid being given an instigator penalty, and helps keep unwilling participants out of fights. Another important aspect of etiquette is simply fighting fairly and cleanly. Fairness is maintained by not wearing equipment that could injure the opposing fighter, such as face shields, gloves, or masks, and not assaulting referees or linesmen. Finally, whatever the outcome of the fight, etiquette dictates that players who choose to fight win and lose those fights gracefully. Otherwise, they risk losing the respect of their teammates and fans.

4. #4NHL

   Keys: National Hockey League, NHL, League · Secondary: Hockey

   The National Hockey League (NHL) is a professional ice hockey league in North America composed of 32 teams, 25 in the United States and 7 in Canada. The NHL is one of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada and is considered the premier professional ice hockey league in the world. The league's regular season is typically held from October to April, with each team playing 82 games. Following the conclusion of the regular season, 16 teams advance to the Stanley Cup playoffs, a four-round tournament that runs into June to determine the league champion. Since the league's founding in 1917, the Montreal Canadiens have won the most NHL titles with 25, winning three NHL championship series before the league took full exclusivity of the Stanley Cup in 1926, and 22 Stanley Cups afterwards. The reigning league champions are the Florida Panthers, who defeated the Edmonton Oilers in the 2025 Stanley Cup Final. The NHL consists of 32 teams—25 based in the United States and 7 in Canada. The teams are divided evenly between the Eastern and Western conferences. The National Hockey League season is divided into a preseason (September and early October), a regular season (from early October through early to mid-April) and a postseason (the Stanley Cup playoffs) that runs until June.

   Teams usually hold a summer showcase for prospects in July and participate in prospect tournaments, full games that do not feature any veterans, in September. Full training camps begin in mid-to-late September, including a preseason consisting of six to eight exhibition games. Split squad games, in which parts of a team's regular season roster play separate games on the same day, are occasionally played during the preseason.

   During the regular season, clubs play each other in a predefined schedule. Since 2021, in the regular season, all teams play 82 games: 41 games each of home and road, playing 26 games in their own geographic division—four against five of their seven other divisional opponents, plus three against two others; 24 games against the eight remaining non-divisional intra-conference opponents—three games against every team in the other division of its conference; and 32 against every team in the other conference twice—home and road.

   The Stanley Cup playoffs, which go from April to the beginning of June, are an elimination tournament where two teams play against each other to win a best-of-seven series in order to advance to the next round. The final remaining team is crowned the Stanley Cup champion. Eight teams from each conference qualify for the playoffs: the top three teams in each division plus the two conference teams with the next highest number of points.

   The annual NHL entry draft consists of a seven-round off-season draft held in June on a date of the commissioner's choosing.

5. #5NHL Teams

   Keys: Dallas Stars, Anaheim Ducks, Los Angeles Kings, Colorado Avalanche, New York Rangers, Vegas Golden Knights, Boston Bruins, Chicago Blackhawks, St. Louis Blues, Florida Panthers, Montreal Canadiens, Vancouver Canucks, Calgary Flames, Detroit Red Wings, Seattle Kraken, Tampa Bay Lightning, Washington Capitals, Pittsburgh Penguins, Toronto Maple Leafs, Philadelphia Flyers, Carolina Hurricanes, New York Islanders, New Jersey Devils, Edmonton Oilers

   These are a few teams that play in the NHL, there are more, but all of these teams have won a Stanley Cup at least once. Montreal Canadiens Toronto Maple Leafs Detroit Red Wings Boston Bruins Chicago Blackhawks Edmonton Oilers Pittsburgh Penguins New York Islanders New York Rangers Colorado Avalanche New Jersey Devils Tampa Bay Lightning Florida Panthers Los Angeles Kings Philadelphia Flyers Anaheim Ducks Calgary Flames Carolina Hurricanes Dallas Stars St. Louis Blues Vegas Golden Knights Washington Capitals Vancouver Canucks Seattle Kraken

6. #6Notable Players

   Keys: Players, Other Teams

   Quinn Hughes, D, Vancouver Canucks Andrei Vasilevskiy, G, Tampa Bay Lightning Connor Hellebuyck, G, Winnipeg Jets Sidney Crosby, C, Pittsburgh Penguins Aleksander Barkov, C, Florida Panthers Nikita Kucherov, F, Tampa Bay Lightning Cale Makar, D, Colorado Avalanche Leon Draisaitl, C, Edmonton Oilers Nathan MacKinnon, C, Colorado Avalanche Connor McDavid, C, Edmonton Oilers Matthew Tkachuk, F, Florida Panthers William Nylander, F, Toronto Maple Leafs Mitch Marner, F, Vegas Golden Knights Zach Werenski, D, Columbus Blue Jackets Brayden Point, C, Tampa Bay Lightning Auston Matthews, C, Toronto Maple Leafs Jack Eichel, C, Vegas Golden Knights Mikko Rantanen, F, Dallas Stars Nico Hischier, C, New Jersey Devils Jack Hughes, C, New Jersey Devils Alex Ovechkin, F, Washington Capitals Jesper Bratt, F, New Jersey Devils Dylan Larkin, C, Detroit Red Wings

7. #7Fights - Extra

   Keys: Fighting, Tying Up Your Man, Fights, Check · Secondary: Hockey

   While two players are fighting, it is a common practice for other players to grab an opposing member in a hug to try and keep them out of the fight.

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