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1. #1organe genital femme

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   The female reproductive system is made up of internal (inside the pelvis) and external (outside the pelvis) sexual organs. The internal sex organs, specifically known as the female sex organs, include the vagina (pelvic-genital tract), ovaries, cervix, uterus and fallopian tubes. The external sexual organs include the parts that form the vulva.

   Ovaries : The ovaries produce eggs. There are 2 of them, buried deep in the woman's pelvis, on either side of the uterus, near the end of the fallopian tubes. At birth, the ovaries contain all the eggs they will have for life. Each month, during ovulation, an ovary releases a mature egg. This then travels down the fallopian tube towards the uterus. If the egg is fertilised by a sperm (from the male reproductive system) in the fallopian tube, it attaches itself to the lining of the uterus (endometrium). This is called implantation. Once implanted, the fertilised egg begins to develop in the uterus to become an embryo, and then a foetus.

   Uterus : The uterus, sometimes also called the womb, is the part of the female reproductive system where a baby can develop. It is located above the vagina, between the bladder and the rectum. It is about 7 cm long and 5 cm wide (at its widest). The uterus is held in place in the pelvis by several ligaments.

   Every month, except during pregnancy or after the menopause, the lining of the uterus grows and thickens in preparation for pregnancy.

   Cervix : The cervix is the lower, narrow part of the uterus. It connects the main body of the uterus to the vagina.

   Part of the lining of the cervix contains glands that make and release mucus. For most of the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy, this mucus is thick and prevents sperm from entering the uterus. This thick mucus also helps to protect the uterus and the upper female reproductive organs from harmful bacteria.

   During ovulation, the mucus changes and becomes thinner, allowing sperm to pass through the cervix into the uterus.

   During childbirth, the cervix widens, or dilates, to allow the baby to pass through the birth canal.

   Vagina: The vagina is a passageway that connects the cervix (the opening of the uterus) to the outside of the body. It is also known as the pelvic-genital tract. The vagina contains nerves, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. Glands located in the cervix and near the vaginal orifice secrete a mucus that keeps the mucous membrane moist.

   The walls of the vagina are usually collapsed and in contact with each other. Their many folds allow the vagina to expand during intercourse or childbirth.

   Vulva : The vulva is the external sexual organ that opens into the vagina. It protects the internal sexual organs and provides sexual pleasure.

   The vulva is made up of several organs.

   The labia majora are the 2 outer folds of skin that resemble lips. They cover and protect the other external organs. During sexual stimulation, the labia majora may swell with blood.

   The labia minora are the 2 smallest folds of skin just inside the labia majora. They cover the openings of the vagina and the urethra.

   The clitoris is a small organ located in front of the labia minora. It has many nerve endings. When you are sexually aroused, the clitoris becomes gorged with blood (erection).

   The urethral orifice is the opening to the urethra. The urethra is the tube that leaves the bladder and allows urine to be evacuated from the body. The urethral orifice is located just below the clitoris.

   The vaginal orifice is the opening to the vagina. The vagina is the muscular canal that leads to the cervix.

   Bartholin's glands are located just inside the vulva. They produce a thick liquid used as a lubricant during intercourse.

   The perineum is the space between the vulva and the anus.

   The anus is the opening at the lower end of the rectum (the last part of the large intestine) through which waste (faeces) is evacuated from the body.

   When you become sexually aroused, your vulva becomes sensitive to stimulation and your nervous system sends pleasure signals to your brain. These signals can produce an orgasm. At the moment of orgasm, the muscles surrounding the sexual organs contract. The sources of pleasure are different for each person. You can have an orgasm during intercourse, but you can also have one by touching your sexual organs, such as the clitoris and inner lips.

2. #2organe genital homme

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   The male reproductive system is made up of external (outside the pelvis) and internal (inside the pelvis) sexual organs. The male external sex organs include the penis, scrotum and testicles. The internal sexual organs include the epididymides, prostate, seminal vesicles, vas deferens and urethra.

   Testicles The testicles are 2 organs covered by a bag of skin called the scrotum. They produce hormones (mainly testosterone) and sperm. The male reproductive system is controlled by the pituitary gland, located in the brain. When puberty begins, the pituitary gland signals the testicles by releasing follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH). The testicles then begin to produce testosterone and sperm. Testosterone is responsible for a boy's sexual development, including a deepening of the voice, an increase in the size of the penis and testicles, the appearance of body and facial hair and the development of muscles.

   Epididymides Behind each testicle is the epididymis, which stores the spermatozoa so that they can mature.

   Deferent ducts The vas deferens carry mature sperm to the urethra for ejaculation.

   Prostate The prostate is located deep in the pelvis, in front of the rectum and below the bladder. It produces prostatic fluid. This fluid is rich in enzymes, proteins and minerals that help protect and nourish sperm. During sexual intercourse, the prostate pushes prostatic fluid through the ducts into the urethra, where it mixes with sperm and other fluids before being ejaculated as semen.

   Seminal vesicles The seminal vesicles are glands located on either side of the prostate. They produce most of the fluid that forms semen. The seminal vesicles merge with the vas deferens to empty into the urethra.

   Urethra The urethra carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. Semen also travels through the urethra to the meatus (opening of the urethra to the outside of the body) to be expelled during ejaculation.

   Penis The penis is made up of different types of tissue, including skin, nerves, smooth muscle and blood vessels.

   The penis has 3 parts. The body is the main part of the penis. The head of the penis is called the glans. The glans is covered by a flaccid, mobile fold of skin called the foreskin. The foreskin is sometimes surgically removed (circumcision). The base of the penis, which is attached to the pelvis, is called the root. For the penis to enter a vagina or anus during intercourse, it must be erect, i.e. rigid. Erection begins when the brain sends a signal down the spinal cord via the nerves leading to the pelvis. The nerves tell the blood vessels inside each corpus cavernosum of the penis to fill with blood. As the blood supply increases, the spongy tissue expands, causing the penis to stiffen and enlarge.

   At the moment of orgasm, the prostate, seminal vesicles and vas deferens contract to transport sperm close to the end of the urethra, and then outside it during ejaculation. Each ejaculation can release up to 500 million sperm. After ejaculation, the excess blood is removed from the penis, which becomes soft again. In the event of pregnancy, the sperm ejaculated into the vagina (part of the female reproductive system) allows the sperm to travel up through the cervix and uterus to the fallopian tubes to find an egg (if there is one). Only one sperm is needed to fertilise the egg. Once fertilised, the egg develops in the uterus to become an embryo and then a foetus.

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